Enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates in by-products of processed rice

ABSTRACT: Over post-harvest steps of rice, from pre-cleaning to processing, a large amount of by-product is generated. Some of these by-products, due to their high starch and fiber content can be used in ethanol production. The objective was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions on the production of reducing sugars, from pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, as well as the effect of the pre-treatment of its fibers, targeting the use of these residues in ethanol fuel production. The proximate analysis was performed, followed by the pre-treatment of samples. Enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted in two ways: using one enzyme at a time or applying them simultaneously. The starch content was 41.18 and 53.41%; the fibers were 30.44 and 23.39%, of which 6.53 and 4.41% were lignin, for the pre-cleaning residue and paddy rice, respectively. Alkaline pre-treatment reduce lignin content by 47.94 and 18.23% for the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, respectively. Hydrolysis efficiency was 22.61 and 15.32% for the cellulase enzyme, and 82.18 and 87.07% for the amylolytic enzymes in the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, respectively. The hydrolysis with the separated enzymes presented higher reducing sugar yields. Therefore, the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice can be used for ethanol production by its enzymatic hydrolysis, aiming to add value and to increase the sustainability of the rice production chain.

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Highly-Efficient Release of Ferulic Acid from Agro-Industrial By-Products via Enzymatic Hydrolysis with Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes: Part I–The Superiority of Hydrolytic Enzymes Versus Conventional Hydrolysis

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 782

Author(s):

Karina Juhnevica-Radenkova ◽

Jorens Kviesis ◽

Diego A. Moreno ◽

Dalija Seglina ◽

Fernando Vallejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Ferulic Acid ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Structural Complexity ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Feed Supplement ◽

Degrading Enzymes ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

By Products

Historically Triticum aestívum L. and Secale cereále L. are widely used in the production of bakery products. From the total volume of grain cultivated, roughly 85% is used for the manufacturing of flour, while the remaining part is discarded or utilized rather inefficiently. The limited value attached to bran is associated with their structural complexity, i.e., the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which makes this material suitable mostly as a feed supplement, while in food production its use presents a challenge. To valorize these materials to food and pharmaceutical applications, additional pre-treatment is required. In the present study, an effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly approach to ferulic acid (FA) production was demonstrated through the biorefining process accomplished by non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes. Up to 11.3 and 8.6 g kg−1 of FA was released from rye and wheat bran upon 24 h enzymatic hydrolysis with multi-enzyme complex Viscozyme® L, respectively.

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Ethanol Production from Waste of Cassava Processing

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8112158 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2158 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daiana Martinez ◽

Armin Feiden ◽

Reinaldo Bariccatti ◽

Katya de Freitas Zara

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

First Generation ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Energy Matrix ◽

Average Yield ◽

Ph Values ◽

Cassava Bagasse ◽

High Starch ◽

By Products

Cassava processing produces by-products such as brown bark, between bark, disposal, bran, fiber and bagasse. Cassava bagasse is characterized as a source of starch that can be converted into sugars to obtain biofuels. The objective of this work was to produce ethanol from this cassava processing residue and to evaluate its contribution potential in the Brazilian energy matrix. Cassava processing residues were obtained from four different starch manufacturers in Brazil. Analysis of the chemical compositions of these samples provided the content of starch, sugar, crude grease, moisture, ash and also their pH values. For the ethanol process, the samples were submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis using the alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidases enzymes, followed by fermentation and distillation. The samples showed high starch indices, approximately 64% on average. The average yield of ethanol obtained was 30% after treatment of the sample like this. Considering the estimated volume of cassava bagasse in Brazil, it is possible to produce an average of 789 million cubic meters per bagasse, replacing about 24% of the first generation ethanol. Cassava bagasse can be considered an interesting biomass for the production of biofuels, contributing to the expansion of the energy matrix.

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Evaluation of buriti endocarp as lignocellulosic substrate for second generation ethanol production

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26777v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Plínio R Rodrigues ◽

Mateus FL Araújo ◽

Tamarah L Rocha ◽

Ronnie Von S Veloso ◽

Lílian A Pantoja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Alcoholic Fermentation ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽

Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Surface Response Methodology ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Second Generation Ethanol

The production of lignocellulosic ethanol is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels, however, this technology still faces many challenges related to the viability of the alcohol in the market. In this paper the endocarp of buriti fruit was assessed for ethanol production. The whole fruit was characterized physically and chemically and its endocarp submitted to acid and alkaline pre-treatments, which were optimized through the use of surface response methodology for removal of hemicellulose and lignin, respectively. Hemicellulose content was reduced by 88% after acid pretreatment. Alkaline pre-treatment reduced the lignin content in the recovered biomass from 11.8% to 4.2% and increased the concentration of the cellulosic fraction to 88.5%. The pre-treated biomass was saccharified by the action of cellulolytic enzymes and, in the optimized condition, was able to produce 110 g of glucose per L of hydrolyzate. Alcoholic fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolyzate bio-catalized by Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in a fermented medium with 4.3% ethanol and YP/S of 0.33.

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PRE-TREATMENT AND ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF BANANA (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) PSEUDOSTEM FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION

Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal ◽

10.37637/ab.v3i2.608 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 98-107

Author(s):

Galileo E. Araguirang ◽

Arianne Joyce R. Arizala ◽

Eden Beth B. Asilo ◽

Jamie Louise S. Batalon ◽

Erin B. Bello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

The Philippines ◽

Solid Loading ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Second Generation Ethanol

Banana (M. acuminata x balbisiana) is an abundant lignocellulosic waste material in large plantations all over the Philippines, especially in Mindanao, which can be utilized as substrate in producing high-value products like ethanol. To compensate for the low yield based on total weight of substrate due to the high moisture content of banana pseudostem, there is the primary challenge to make the conversion of this lignocellulosic biomass into monomeric sugar and then into ethanol more efficiently in order to achieve yields that would make it cost-competitive. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of solid loading, incubation time and amount of enzyme on yield of reducing sugars in the enzymatic hydrolysis process and attempted to optimize the significant factors by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), specifically using Box-Behnken design. There was significant improvement on the reducing sugar yield of the pretreated banana pseudostem at 20 h incubation time, 15 g solid loading and 0.55 % enzyme concentration. Ethanol production was observed to be higher in the detoxified substrate although biomass was higher for the non-detoxified substrate. As to our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to produce second generation ethanol using banana pseudostem waste as feedstock in the Philippines.

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Imidazole Processing of Wheat Straw and Eucalyptus Residues—Comparison of Pre-Treatment Conditions and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26247591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (24) ◽

pp. 7591

Author(s):

Pedro M. A. Pereira ◽

Joana R. Bernardo ◽

Luisa Bivar Roseiro ◽

Francisco Gírio ◽

Rafał M. Łukasik

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Biomass Conversion ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Treatment Agent ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Temperature Time

Biomass pre-treatment is a key step in achieving the economic competitiveness of biomass conversion. In the present work, an imidazole pre-treatment process was performed and evaluated using wheat straw and eucalyptus residues as model feedstocks for agriculture and forest-origin biomasses, respectively. Results showed that imidazole is an efficient pre-treatment agent; however, better results were obtained for wheat straw due to the recalcitrant behavior of eucalyptus residues. The temperature had a stronger effect than time on wheat straw pre-treatment but at 160 °C and 4 h, similar results were obtained for cellulose and hemicellulose content from both biomasses (ca. 54% and 24%, respectively). Lignin content in the pre-treated solid was higher for eucalyptus residues (16% vs. 4%), as expected. Enzymatic hydrolysis, applied to both biomasses after different pre-treatments, revealed that results improved with increasing temperature/time for wheat straw. However, these conditions had no influence on the results for eucalyptus residues, with very low glucan to glucose enzymatic hydrolysis yield (93% for wheat straw vs. 40% for eucalyptus residues). Imidazole can therefore be considered as a suitable solvent for herbaceous biomass pre-treatment.

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PRESSURIZED WATER PRETREATMENT TO INCREASE SUGAR PRODUCTION FROM GREEN COCONUT

Revista Brasileira de Energias Renováveis ◽

10.5380/rber.v8i3.65670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Cleitiane Da Costa Nogueira ◽

Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Padilha ◽

Anderson Alles De Jesus ◽

Domingos Fabiano de Santana Souza ◽

Everaldo Silvino Dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Water Flow Rate ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Sugar Production ◽

Pressurized Water ◽

Phenolic Components ◽

Pre Treatment

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic industrial waste is necessary to promote the cellulose accessibility. Thus, this study evaluated the production of green coconut sugars during pressurized hydrothermal pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass. Pretreatment of the green coconut shell was carried out at 70 °C, 150 bar and water flow rate of 1 mL/min for 4 h. Samples from the system output stream were analyzed by HPLC and Folin Ciocalteu method. The solid fraction was characterized (chemical composition, XRD and FTIR) and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The liquid fractions of pretreatment provided a defined profile of released glucose, xylose, phenolic components and acetic acid over time. After 40 min, most of fermentable sugars were released, forming a liquor with a sugar content above 10 g/L. Post-treated biomass showed a reduction of cellulose (26 % to 17 %) and hemicellulose (23 % to 18 %) and an increase in lignin content (32 % to 44 %). Despite this new chemical composition of the biomass, the pretreated material had lower crystallinity indexes and modifications in its chemical groups. This favored cellulosic conversion from 15 % to 55 %, producing 63.5 % more glucose than the untreated green coconut shell during enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus, the pressurized pre-treatment favored the fermentable sugar production from the green coconut shell, and there is also the possibility of utilizing the sugars present in the pre-treatment liquor.

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Evaluation of buriti endocarp as lignocellulosic substrate for second generation ethanol production

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26777 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Plínio R Rodrigues ◽

Mateus FL Araújo ◽

Tamarah L Rocha ◽

Ronnie Von S Veloso ◽

Lílian A Pantoja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Alcoholic Fermentation ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽

Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Surface Response Methodology ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Second Generation Ethanol

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Evaluation of buriti endocarp as lignocellulosic substrate for second generation ethanol production

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.5275 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e5275

Author(s):

Plínio R. Rodrigues ◽

Mateus F.L. Araújo ◽

Tamarah L. Rocha ◽

Ronnie Von S. Veloso ◽

Lílian A. Pantoja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Production ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Alcoholic Fermentation ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽

Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Second Generation Ethanol

The production of lignocellulosic ethanol is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels; however, this technology still faces many challenges related to the viability of the lignocellulosic alcohol in the market. In this paper the endocarp of buriti fruit was assessed for ethanol production. The fruit endocarp was characterized physically and chemically. Acid and alkaline pre-treatments were optimized by surface response methodology for removal of hemicellulose and lignin from the biomass. Hemicellulose content was reduced by 88% after acid pretreatment. Alkaline pre-treatment reduced the lignin content in the recovered biomass from 11.8% to 4.2% and increased the concentration of the cellulosic fraction to 88.5%. The pre-treated biomass was saccharified by the action of cellulolytic enzymes and, under optimized conditions, was able to produce 110 g of glucose per L of hydrolyzate. Alcoholic fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolyzate performed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in a fermented medium with 4.3% ethanol and a yield of product per substrate (YP/S) of 0.33.

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Fungal Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse: A Green Pathway to Improve Saccharification and Ethanol Production

10.21203/rs.3.rs-544479/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Hartmann ◽

Roselei Claudete Fontana ◽

Félix Gonçalves de Siqueira ◽

Marli Camassola

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Ethanol Yield ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Biological Pretreatment ◽

Fungal Pretreatment ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract Biological pretreatment was investigated to increase ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, like sugarcane bagasse. Enzyme secretion, changes in substrate composition, enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol yield after pretreatment by different basidiomycetes were evaluated. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that P. pulmonarius PS2001 and T. villosa 82I6 promoted more extensive selective modifications in the lignin content. Glucose release during enzymatic hydrolysis of samples pretreated with P. pulmonarius PS2001 for 35, 42 and 49 days and with T. villosa 82I6 for 21, 28 and 49 days were higher than the control (48.5±2.38 mg/g), i.e. 68.4 ±0.7, 76.3 ±1.6 and 76.5±2.1 mg/g and 70.9±8.3, 77.8±5.8 and 77.6±4.2 mg/g, respectively. During the fermentation of hydrolysates of samples pretreated with T. villosa 82I6 for 28 and 49 days, a maximum ethanol yield of 19.1±2.8 and 20.2±0.5 mg/g, respectively, was achieved. A positive effect of biological pretreatment on hydrolysis and fermentation was demonstrated.

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