COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN VIVO HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC LEAF AND ROOT EXTRACTS OF CLEOME GYNANDRA

In vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activities of Cleome gynandra ethanolic leaf and root extracts were assessed. In vitro antioxidant activity was carried by DPPH, Nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and phosphomolybdenum assays. Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.The animals were divided into seven groups (Four test groups - Ethanolic Leaf and Root Extracts of Cleome gynandra of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, standard silymarin (100 mg/kg), toxic control-carbon tetrachloride and vehicle). On the eight day, the blood was collected and parameters like serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Total bilirubin (TB) were estimated. Significant antioxidant status with good IC50 values similar to standard ascorbic acid was obtained. A significant decrease in liver enzymes was observed in test groups comparable to silymarin. From the results obtained, ethanolic leaf extract has contributed better hepatoprotection compared with root extract in experimental rats.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTI-OXIDATIVE AND ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ROOT AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.8103 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Somanatha Jena ◽

Ram C. Jena ◽

Rasmita Bhol ◽

Khusbu Agarwal ◽

Ansuman Sarangi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Root Extracts

Objective: The present investigation explores the possibilities of using the in vitro and in vivo root and leaf extracts of Withania somnifera for anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: In vitro shoot cultures of Withania somnifera were raised by the axillary proliferation in nodal explants from a garden grown plant using Murashige and Skoog medium then in vitro raised roots and shoots were used for the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic experiment. After 72 h of STZ administration, the fasting blood glucose levels were measured and the rats showing FBG level>220 mg/dl were considered to be diabetic and were used for the hyperglycemic study. In vitro and in vivo methanolic root and leaf extracts were orally administered daily to diabetic rats for eight weeks. After the treatment period, blood glucose and serum enzymes like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c high density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, LDH, serum protein level, total phenolics and anti-oxidative analysis (DPPH and FRAP) were determined.Results: The levels of blood glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, HDL-c significantly increased by the use of in vitro methanolic root extracts compared to normal control rats. However, remarkable loss of total protein, albumin, albumin: globulin (A: G) ratio was reported in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by using in vitro root extracts. Methanolic in vitro root extract at the dose levels of 300 mg/kg body weight produced a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level by 102.65 with respect to initial fasting blood glucose level after 30 d of the treatment. In vitro root extract demonstrated highest DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging activity, i.e. 86.55±1.77 and 48.87±2.55 than other extracts.Conclusion: It may be concluded that methanolic in vitro root extract W. somnifera at the dose (300 mg/kg) has more potent anti-hyperglycaemic activity than the other in vitro and in vivo extracts of leaf and root on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and was also found to be similar in effect to that of the standard drug ‘Glibenclamide’.

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Hepatoprotective Effects of Extract of Helicteres hirsuta Lour. on Liver Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11188758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 8758

Author(s):

Dac Thang Hoang ◽

Thi Thu Hien Truong ◽

Ngo Viet Duc ◽

Le Tuan Anh Hoang ◽

Thi Thao Do ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Oral Medications ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Hepatoprotective Effects ◽

First Time

Helicteres hirsuta Lour. is a traditional Vietnamese medicine for treating chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Many in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that the extracts and isolated compounds from H. hirsuta have diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, the hepatoprotective effects have not been reported until now. Therefore, the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the aerial part of the H. hirsuta L. (HHM and HHE-1/1) were examined on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats for the first time. The results revealed that all the livers of the model group had stage F4 cirrhosis; the group that received silymarin, and HHM and HHE-1/1 had milder liver damage cirrhosis stage F1-F2 which implies that the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of H. hirsute have a definite advantage in the development of food or oral medications for hepatoprotective activity.

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In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Arthritic Synoviocytes of A. brachypoda Root Extracts and Its Unusual Dimeric Flavonoids

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25215219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (21) ◽

pp. 5219

Author(s):

Carlota Salgado ◽

Hugo Morin ◽

Nayara Coriolano de Aquino ◽

Laurence Neff ◽

Cláudia Quintino da Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Root Extract ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Counter Current

Arrabidaea brachypoda is a plant commonly used for the treatment of kidney stones, arthritis and pain in traditional Brazilian medicine. Different in vitro and in vivo activities, ranging from antinociceptive to anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, have been reported for the dichloromethane root extract of Arrabidaea brachypoda (DCMAB) and isolated compounds. This work aimed to assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in arthritic synoviocytes of the DCMAB, the hydroethanolic extract (HEAB) and three dimeric flavonoids isolated from the DCMAB. These compounds, brachydin A (1), B (2) and C (3), were isolated both by medium pressure liquid and high-speed counter current chromatography. Their quantification was performed by mass spectrometry on both DCMAB and HEAB. IL-1β activated human fibroblast-like synoviocytes were incubated with both extracts and isolated compounds to determine the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). DCMAB inhibited 30% of IL-6 release at 25 µg/mL, when compared with controls while HEAB was inactive. IC50 values determined for 2 and 3 were 3-fold higher than 1. The DCMAB activity seems to be linked to higher proportions of compounds 2 and 3 in this extract. These observations could thus explain the traditional use of A. brachypoda roots in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

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Hepatoprotective activity of flavonoids from Cichorium glandulosum seeds in vitro and in vivo carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.045 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 355-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jing Tong ◽

Xincheng Yao ◽

Hong Zeng ◽

Gao Zhou ◽

Yuxin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity

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Avens Root (Geum Urbanum L.) Extract Discovered by Target-Based Screening Exhibits Antidiabetic Activity in the Hen’s Egg Test Model and Drosophila melanogaster

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.794404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ilka Günther ◽

Gerald Rimbach ◽

Sandra Nevermann ◽

Cathrina Neuhauser ◽

Verena Stadlbauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Root Extract ◽

Test Model ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Geum Urbanum

Medicinal plant extracts are becoming increasingly important as an alternative for traditional drugs against diabetes mellitus (DM). For this reason, we initialized a target-based screening of 111 root extracts from an open access plant extract library (PECKISH) by ascertaining their in-vitro inhibitory efficacy on α-glucosidase. The two most active extracts Geum urbanum L. (roseroot) and Rhodiola rosea L. (avens root) were further tested for their antidiabetic activities in terms of their impact on different regulatory key points of glucose homeostasis. To this end, various enzyme- and cell culture-based in-vitro assays were employed including the determination of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) activity in Caco-2 monolayers by Ussing chambers and of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in a GFP-reporter cell line. Subsequently, the antidiabetic potential of the root extracts were further evaluated in in-vivo models, namely hen’s eggs test and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Avens root extract was found to be a more potent inhibitor of the enzymes α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) than roseroot extract. Most importantly, only avens root extract exhibited antidiabetic activity in the two in-vivo models eliciting a reduced blood glucose level in the in-ovo model and a decline of the triglyceride level in a dietary starch-induced D. melanogaster obesity model. Analyses of the polyphenolic composition of the avens root extract by HPLC revealed a high content of ellagic acid and its derivatives as well as ellagitannins such as pedunculagin, stenophyllanin, stachyurin, casuarinin and gemin A. In conclusion, avens root extract represents a promising medicinal plant that should be considered in further in-vivo studies on hyperglycemia in laboratory rodents and humans.

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Optimization and Evaluation of Piperine Loaded Herbosomes for their Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Potential

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2022.23554 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 383-388

Author(s):

Gayatri Joshi ◽

Abhishek Tiwari ◽

Prashant Upadhyay

Keyword(s):

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Aqueous Solubility ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Oral Dosage ◽

Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽

Homogeneous Population ◽

Ic50 Value

Piperine is classified as a class II drug in the biopharmaceutical classification system due to its low aqueous solubility. As a result, piperine herbosomes were created to improve the dissolution rate and in vivo liver protecting activity of piperine and physico-chemical characteristics were used to confirm herbosome formation. The piperine-herbosome formulation revealed spherical particle size of all formulations from P1-P10 and found142.4 ± 0.98 nm for best piperine-herbosome formulation (P2) and a PDI value of 0.237, indicating a homogeneous population of piperine loaded vesicles. In vitro drug release rate and percent entrapment efficiency were determined for all formulations P1-P25 and found to be 95.306 ± 0.21 and 97.306 ± 0.65 in 12 h, respectively for best piperine-herbosome formulation (P2). It exemplifies the complex’s long-term releasing capability. This information suggests that it may have a longer retention time inside the body, extending the duration of effect. The antioxidant potential of pure piperine was determined using the DPPH scavenging method, with an IC50 value of 107.59 ± 0.11 g/mL compared to a formulation with an IC50 value of 93.926 ± 0.03 g/mL. Swiss albino mice of either sex were utilized for the evaluation of hepatoprotective activity. On the 8th day, the hepatotoxicity was caused by giving a single oral dosage of CCl4 (0.5 mL) and the parameters were evaluated on the 9th day. This formulation has the best optimized based on drug content and drug entrapment. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were among the biochemical markers measured. In comparison to normal control (161 ± 0.31 IU/L, 52.78 ± 0.28 IU/L, 121.12 ± 0.14 IU/L and 0.633 ± 1.44 IU/L) and P2 formulation (163.23 ± 0.49 IU/L, 66.9 ± 0.05 IU/L, 128.3 ± 1.15 IU/L and 0.645 ± 0.67 IU/L respectively).

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Chemical Group Profiling, In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Aristolochia ringens on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Activity

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6679185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

J. B. Ahmad ◽

E. O. Ajani ◽

S. Sabiu

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Root Extract ◽

Asiatic Acid ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Synthetic Drugs ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Hypoglycaemic Agent

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global scourge, and there is a continuous search for novel compounds as viable alternatives to synthetic drugs which are often accompanied by severe adverse effects. Aristolochia ringens is among the scientifically implicated botanicals effective in the management of several degenerative diseases including DM. The current study evaluated the inhibitory mechanism(s) of root extract of A. ringens on α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro and in silico, while its constituents were characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric technique. The extract had concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the study enzymes, and the inhibition compared well with that of standard drug (acarbose) with respective IC50 values of 0.67 mg/mL (α-amylase) and 0.57 mg/mL (α-glucosidase) compared with that of the extract (0.63 and 0.54 mg/mL). The extract competitively and uncompetitively inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Of the identified compounds, dianoside G (−12.4, −12.5 kcal/mol) and trilobine (−10.0, −10.0 kcal/mol) had significant interactions with α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively, while magnoflorine and asiatic acid also interacted keenly with both enzymes, with quercetin 3-O-glucuronide and strictosidine showing better affinity towards α-glucosidase. These observations are suggestive of involvement of these compounds as probable ligands contributing to antidiabetic potential of the extract. While studies are underway to demystify the yet to be identified compounds in the extract, the data presented have lent scientific credence to the acclaimed in vivo antidiabetic potential of the extract and suggested it as a viable source of oral hypoglycaemic agent.

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Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential and in-vivo hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Quercus oblongata D. DON

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1925 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (5-s) ◽

pp. 152-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anita Singh ◽

Manoj Bisht

Keyword(s):

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Extract ◽

Once Daily ◽

Alkaline Phosphate ◽

Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase

Objective: The main potential target is attempt to investigated evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential and in-vivo hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Quercus oblongata D. DON belonging to family fagaceae. Material & Methods: The root of plant was extracted by different solvents like n-hexane (NHEQO), Chloroform (CEQO), Ethyl acetate (EAQO) Hydroethanolic (HEEQO) and Ethanol (EEQO). The antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by the possible four complementary test assay methods namely total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, Inhibition of 2,2 diphenyl -1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and ABTS (2-2’- azinobis) radical scavenging activity or quenching activity, in the hepatoprotective experimental animal albino wistar rats (120-180gm) were divided into 6 group, each group content 5, Group I: Received distilled water (5ml/kg. p.o) once daily, and served as normal control. Group II: Received paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; orally as toxin control. Group III: Received standard drug Silymarin (25 mg/kg. p.o.) + paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; orally once daily Group IV, V, VI administered HEECB at different doses300, 400, 500 mg/kg orally + paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; for 21 days. And collect blood from experimental animals by retrorbital puncture for estimation of biochemical parameters and other parameter also evaluate like physical histological changes in livers of rats. Results: Experimental finding reveal that Paracetamol produce significant change in physical (increase liver weight) biochemical (increase alkaline phosphate, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyuruvic transaminase, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and decrease the level of total protein and albumin) histological (damage to hepatocyte) and in liver parameters. Pretreatment with extract significantly minimization of physical, biochemical, histological and functional change induced by Paracetamol in liver. Conclusion: Experimental data and analysis of different parameter declare that hydroethanolic extract of Quercus oblongata could be a useful hepatoprotective agents and antioxidant potential. Keywords: Clematis buchananiana, paracetamol, hepatoprotective, alkaline phosphate, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyuruvic transaminase.

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Interactions of Echinacea spp. Root Extracts and Alkylamides With the Endocannabinoid System and Peripheral Inflammatory Pain

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.651292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Liu ◽

Nadia L. Caram-Salas ◽

Wei Li ◽

Lili Wang ◽

John Thor Arnason ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Inflammatory Pain ◽

Endocannabinoid System ◽

Receptor Internalization ◽

Root Extract ◽

Agonist Activity ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Hargreaves Model

Historical ethnobotanies of indigenous peoples of the North American prairies reveal treatment of many painful conditions by Echinacea spp. Recent evidence suggests a pharmacological basis for such use as the bioactivity of E. angustifolia and E. purpurea is mediated, in part, through activation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Whereas the cannabimimetic effects of individual echinacea products and alkylamides have been described, the activity of crude extracts has not been compared between cannabinoid (CB) receptors or across species or genotypes. Moreover, few studies have explored echinacea’s engagement of the ECS for historic treatments or new therapeutic applications in peripheral inflammatory pain. We hypothesized that 1) the in vitro effects of root extracts on CB receptor internalization would vary with species and phytochemistry, and that echinacea root extracts would reduce inflammatory pain in vivo through activation of the ECS. Root extracts of different E. angustifolia and E. purpurea accessions were prepared, analyzed by HPLC-DAD to quantify caffeic acid derivatives and alkylamides (AKA), and tested for agonist and antagonist activities using receptor redistribution assays. Linear regression of activity relative to phytochemistry identified predictive compounds that were assessed individually in redistribution assays. Extracts were evaluated in the Hargreaves model of chronic inflammatory pain in rats with co-administration of selective CB1/2 antagonists to gauge involvement of the ECS. CB receptor agonist activity varied among accessions of both species with linear regression revealing a significant relationship between CB1 activity and AKA2 for E angustifolia, and AKA 9 + 10 for E purpurea. CB2 activity was positively related with AKA 9 + 10 and total AKAs in E. angustifolia. Four isolated AKA demonstrated agonist activity in the CB2, but not CB1, assay. In the inflammatory pain model, oral administration of either E angustifolia or E. purpurea root extract produced dose-dependent analgesic effects that were partially reversed by co-administration of CB receptor antagonists. This study demonstrates that in vitro effects of crude echinacea root extracts on CB receptors is predicted by phytochemistry. In vivo, echinacea has potential applications for peripheral inflammatory pain such as arthritis and burns, reflecting the traditional uses of Indigenous North Americans.

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Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH ◽

10.25258/ijtpr.v9i03.9068 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Nurgozhin T. ◽

Sergazy S. H. ◽

Adilgozhina G. ◽

Gulyayev A. ◽

Shulgau Z. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Experimental Model ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

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