scholarly journals Six Senses of Critique for Critical Phenomenology

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Lisa Guenther ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Critical Phenomenology ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
Basic Concepts

What is the meaning of critique for critical phenomenology? Building on Gayle Salamon’s engagement with this question in the inaugural issue of Puncta: A Journal for Critical Phenomenology (2018), I will propose a six-fold account of critique as: 1) the art of asking questions, moved by crisis; 2) a transcendental inquiry into the conditions of possibility for meaningful experience; 3) a quasi-transcendental, historically-grounded study of particular lifeworlds; 4) a (situated and interested) analysis of power; 5) the problematization of basic concepts and methods; and 6) a praxis of freedom that seeks not only to interpret the meaning of lived experience, but also to change the conditions under which horizons of possibility for meaning, action, and relationship are wrongfully limited or foreclosed. While the first two dimensions of critique are alive and well in classical phenomenology, the others help to articulate what is distinctive about critical phenomenology.

scholarly journals User testing a patient information resource about potential complications of vaginally inserted synthetic mesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolina Angelova ◽  
Louise Taylor ◽  
Lorna McKee ◽  
Naomi Fearns ◽  
Tracey Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Synthetic Mesh ◽  
Information Resource ◽  
User Testing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Direct Guidance

Abstract Background Vaginal mesh implants are medical devices used in a number of operations to treat stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Although many of these operations have delivered good outcomes, some women have experienced serious complications that have profoundly affected their quality of life. To ensure that evolving patient information is up-to-date, accurate and appropriate, the Transvaginal Mesh Oversight Group ‘user-tested’ a newly developed Scottish patient resource, the first to focus exclusively on the issue of complications. The aim of this research was to gather feedback on usability, content, language and presentation to inform the development of the resource from a user perspective. Methods The experience of using the patient resource was captured through semi-structured interviews that followed a ‘think-aloud’ protocol. The interviewer observed each participant as they went through the resource, asking questions and making field notes. Participants’ comments were then categorised using a validated model of user experience and subsequently analysed thematically. Results Thirteen people participated in the user testing interviews, including women with lived experience of mesh implants (n = 7), a convenience sample of staff working for Healthcare Improvement Scotland (n = 5) and a patient’s carer (n = 1). The majority of participants considered the resource as clear and helpful. Respondents reported that some presentational aspects promoted usability and understandability, including the use of a font that is easy to read, bullet lists, coloured headings and simple language. Barriers included the reliance on some technical language and an explicit anatomical diagram. Participants endorsed the valuable role of health professionals as co-mediators of patient information. Conclusions The findings illustrate the value of undertaking in-depth user-testing for patient information resources before their dissemination. The study highlighted how the direct guidance or navigation of a patient information resource by a health professional could increase its salience and accuracy of interpretation by patients, their families and carers. These insights may also be useful to other developers in improving patient information.

Motherhood

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Yonemoto
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

The chapter explores the discourse and experience of motherhood within Japan’s low-fertility regime in the early modern period. In a manner rarely seen elsewhere in the early modern world, Japanese families used various means, from infanticide to adoption, to correlate family size with income. The chapter examines a wide range of primary sources to explore the effects of family planning on motherhood in two dimensions, the biological and the social. It also examines motherhood as a lived experience through the writings of Inoue Tsūjo, Kuroda Tosako, and Sekiguchi Chie.

scholarly journals A modified gravity model coupled to a Dirac field in 2D space–times with quadratic nonmetricity and curvature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caglar Pala ◽  
Ertan Kok ◽  
Ozcan Sert ◽  
Muzaffer Adak
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Exterior Algebra ◽  
Dirac Field ◽  
Dirac Spinor ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Gauge Structure ◽  
2D Space ◽  
Vacuum Theory

After summarizing the basic concepts for the exterior algebra, we first discuss the gauge structure of the bundle over base manifold for deciding the form of the gravitational sector of the total Lagrangian in any dimensions. Then we couple minimally a Dirac spinor field to our gravitational Lagrangian 2-form which is quadratic in the nonmetricity and both linear and quadratic in the curvature in two dimensions. Subsequently, we obtain field equations by varying the total Lagrangian with respect to the independent variables. Finally, we find some classes of solutions of the vacuum theory and then a solution of the Dirac equation in a specific background and analyze them.

Phenomenology, Deconstruction, and Critique. A Derridean Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Stella Gaon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Normative Force ◽  
Critical Phenomenology ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility

"Critical phenomenology is gaining currency as a progressive philosophy of emancipation, but there is no consensus on what its “criticality” entails. From a Derridean perspective, critique can be said to involve radical self-interrogation; a philosophy that questions its own conditions of possibility or grounds is one that opens itself to its auto-deconstruction. Deconstruction produces undecidability, however, which means that the philosophy in question can no longer account for its political claims or its normative force. This is the predicament in which critical phenomenology, like any other critical theory, will find itself when it takes its critical injunction to heart. Keywords: Critical theory, Derrida, Gödel, Kant, politics, post-phenomenology, undecidability "

Edith Stein's Contribution to Critical Phenomenology: On Self-Formation and Value-Modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Rachel Bath ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Strategic Responses ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Phenomenology ◽  
Self Formation ◽  
Ways Of Being

One defining claim that critical phenomenologists make of the critical phenomenological method is that description no longer simply plays the role of detailing the world around the describing phenomenologist, but rather has the potential to transform worlds and persons. The transformative potential of the critical phenomenological enterprise is motivated by aspirations of social and political transformation. Critical phenomenology accordingly takes, as its starting point, descriptions of the oppressive historical social structures and contexts that have shaped our experience and shows how these produce inequitable ways of being in the world (Guenther 2020, 12). For example, critical phenomenologists have provided rich descriptions of marginalized lived experience, particularly racialized experience (Ngo, 2017; Yancy, 2017), dis-abled experience and experiences of illness (Lajoie and Douglas, 2020; Toombs, 1993), gendered experience (Beauvoir, 2009; Salamon, 2010), and so forth. What is common across these accounts is the assumption that these descriptions provide means of enacting political change. First, they illuminate the existence of oppressive structures and their effects upon us, our possibilities, and our relations. Second, through increasing awareness they begin to denaturalize the oppressive historical structures that “privilege, naturalize, and normalize certain experiences of the world while marginalizing, pathologizing, and discrediting others” (Guenther 2020, 15). Third, through strategic responses (e.g., hesitation in Alia Al-Saji’s work), they produce new possibilities of action and experience, which initiates the process of creating different ways of being in the world (Al-Saji 2014).2

Lifeworld and science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Scientific Rationality ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Phenomenological Interpretation ◽  
Basic Concepts

In phenomenology, ‘lifeworld’ (Lebenswelt) denotes the immediate, everyday, concrete whole of the subjectively experienced world. Its original elaboration in the thought of Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) played a central role in his attempt to ground the rationality of the sciences in the active and passive syntheses of subjective life. Husserl's concept of lifeworld was originally influenced by the work of Richard Avenarius (1843–1896) and Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911), and progressively deepened throughout his philosophical career until it reached its most sophisticated form in the 1930s. Though relevant to a wide variety of analyses of ethical life, perceptual experience and the problem of history, the lifeworld plays its perhaps most important role in Husserl's phenomenological interpretation of scientific rationality. The lifeworld plays a critical role in Husserl’s mature conception of science in two fundamental respects: first, the lifeworld provides the framework for Husserl’s investigation of the origin of basic concepts of logical reasoning (such as negation and states of affairs) in lived experience; second, it anchors his account of rational evidence and truth in the prediscursive dimensions of lived experience. The concept of the lifeworld has proven to be one of Husserl's most important philosophical contributions and has been subsequently developed in a number of post-Husserlian strands of phenomenology and sociology.

Transgender debates and healthcare: A critical realist account

2021 ◽  
pp. 136345932110468
Author(s):  
David Pilgrim
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility

The meta-theoretical resource of critical realism (CR) is deployed in order to examine transgender and healthcare. CR treads a middle way between positivism and postmodernism, within post-Popperian discussions of the philosophy of natural and social science. It focuses on the conditions of possibility for the emergence of a phenomenon under investigation. In this case, the focus is on the emergence of debates about transgenderism in healthcare. These have been technological (about the prospect of biomedical solutions to personal problems) and ideological, with the enlarged salience of identity politics and our currently unresolved “culture wars.” Identity politics have brought a focus on epistemological privilege or “lived experience” and on rights to healthcare being driven by consumer choice. The current contestation and its history are discussed in relation to our four planar social being (nature, relationality, socio-economic structures, and our particular personalities) and future scenarios are rehearsed.

Mediated Experience in the Egyptian Revolution

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Mark Allen Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Egyptian Revolution ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication

Reconciling large scale political and social change with everyday lived experience has always been a fundamental problem for understanding social and political change. This chapter offers a conceptual framework that recognizes the intricacy of interaction between mediation and revolutionary social change by looking at the lived experience of Egyptians during the Egyptian revolution. The experience of collective events is mediated through information and communication technologies; these mediated experiences are both collective, in that people are connected by media uses and practices and by common activities and spaces, and yet they are also deeply personal and individualized, in that specific sets of technologies, interpersonal relationships and embodied practices that comprise one person’s unfolding experience are different from another’s. The chapter argues that these two dimensions could be theorized using the concepts of network and assemblage. On a broader scale, we can understand the relationship between mediated experiences of events and agent-driven uses of media technologies by turning to processual analysis of the sort called field theory, which allows us to see the revolution as a series of struggles over the symbolic meaning of revolutionary activities, in which media practices play a crucial part.

Critical Phenomenology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Dyring
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Queer Theory ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
First Person ◽  
Forthcoming Article ◽  
Critical Phenomenology ◽  
Person Experience ◽  
First Person Experience

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Please check back later for the full article. Since the turn of the millennium, critical phenomenology has developed in a parallel fashion in both philosophy and anthropology, with considerable cross-pollination between the two movements. Where philosophical phenomenology traditionally has focused on disclosing the transcendental structures of subjectivity that condition the possibility of concrete lived experience, critical phenomenology combines a phenomenological sensitivity toward lived experience with a critical view as to how subjectivity is fashioned also under quasi-transcendental—experientially accessible and ethico-politically mutable—sociocultural and economic conditions. In both philosophy and anthropology, critical phenomenology has been inspired and instigated by feminist thinking and queer theory, and it most often takes its point of departure in the lifeworlds of those living somehow on the margins of society: for example, people of color, queer people, drug users, homeless people, and people living with dementia or other mental illnesses. In anthropology, this combination of the phenomenological and the critical has been understood roughly in two different ways, according to where the critical impulse is located. One kind of critical phenomenology undertakes a third-person critique of societal structures, inspired by critical theory or poststructuralism, and combines it with a phenomenological analysis of the first-person experience of what it feels like to live under such conditions. Another approach to critical phenomenology finds the critical impulse in first-person experience itself. Here, the excessive limit experiences of breakdowns, perplexing particulars, and interruptions endured by people in their ordinary lives are explored phenomenologically as the loci of an indigenous critique of the prevailing societal orders and of the potentiality for things becoming otherwise. Critical phenomenology is closely related to the phenomenological and critical hermeneutical branches of the anthropology of ethics and, to some extent and critically so, to the ontological turn in anthropology.

scholarly journals Prolegomena to Any Future Historicizing: The Dilthey-Husserl Debate and Why It Matters for Critical Phenomenology

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
World War ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Critical Phenomenology ◽  
Historical Being ◽  
Ernst Troeltsch

For more than a century, phenomenology’s relation to history has remained a problem for phenomenological analysis. This can in part be attributed to the circumstances surrounding the beginnings of phenomenology. As Europe moved increasingly toward world war at the turn of the 20th century, a growing consciousness of the historical relativity of all values and knowledge spread throughout the continent, leading Ernst Troeltsch to speak of the “crisis of historicism” (Rand 1964, 504-5). In this same context, Edmund Husserl framed phenomenological analysis in opposition to history. While Husserl recognized the “tremendous value” that history has to offer philosophical thinking, he believed that a purely historical reduction of consciousness necessarily results in the relativity of historical understanding itself, like a serpent that bites its own tail (Husserl 2002, 280). If phenomenology was to be a genuine science, it had to attempt a phenomenological reduction which would seize upon the essence of our historical being, i.e., our essence as beings that exist within history and are inseparable from it. What was required over and beyond a historical understanding of lived experience was an analysis of the structure of historicity itself (293-4).

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