Lifeworld and science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Scientific Rationality ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Phenomenological Interpretation ◽  
Basic Concepts

In phenomenology, ‘lifeworld’ (Lebenswelt) denotes the immediate, everyday, concrete whole of the subjectively experienced world. Its original elaboration in the thought of Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) played a central role in his attempt to ground the rationality of the sciences in the active and passive syntheses of subjective life. Husserl's concept of lifeworld was originally influenced by the work of Richard Avenarius (1843–1896) and Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911), and progressively deepened throughout his philosophical career until it reached its most sophisticated form in the 1930s. Though relevant to a wide variety of analyses of ethical life, perceptual experience and the problem of history, the lifeworld plays its perhaps most important role in Husserl's phenomenological interpretation of scientific rationality. The lifeworld plays a critical role in Husserl’s mature conception of science in two fundamental respects: first, the lifeworld provides the framework for Husserl’s investigation of the origin of basic concepts of logical reasoning (such as negation and states of affairs) in lived experience; second, it anchors his account of rational evidence and truth in the prediscursive dimensions of lived experience. The concept of the lifeworld has proven to be one of Husserl's most important philosophical contributions and has been subsequently developed in a number of post-Husserlian strands of phenomenology and sociology.

scholarly journals Subliminal audio-visual congruency enhances perceptual pleasure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang Lin ◽  
Maggie Yeh ◽  
ladan shams
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Temporal Alignment ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
The Relationship

Human perception is inherently multisensory, with cross-modal integration playing a critical role in generating a coherent perceptual experience. To understand the causes of pleasurable experiences, we must understand whether and how the relationship between separate sensory modalities influences our experience of pleasure. We investigated the effect of congruency between vision and audition in the form of temporal alignment between the cuts in a video and the beats in an accompanying soundtrack. Despite the subliminal nature of the manipulation, a higher perceptual pleasure was found for temporal congruency compared with incongruency. These results suggest that the temporal aspect of the interaction between the visual and auditory modalities plays a critical role in shaping our perceptual pleasure, even when such interaction is not accessible to conscious awareness.

HEROIC DEMOCRACY IN HIGH RELIEF: POLITICAL LEGITIMACY AND MONUMENTAL IMAGERY IN FIFTH-CENTURY ATHENS

Ramus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-188
Author(s):  
Mark Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Civic Spaces ◽  
Verbal Content ◽  
Political Understanding

In recent decades, political theorists have significantly revised their understanding of Athenian democratic thinking. By opening up the canon, shifting their focus from abstract principles to democratic practices, and employing an increasingly diverse range of interpretive approaches, they have collectively reconstructed a more robust and multi-faceted account of the Athenian democratic public sphere. Despite its ecumenical ambitions and manifest successes, however, this project has been fettered by a singular focus on language as the medium of democratic politics. As can be seen in the gloss of one of its contributors, this body of work effectively limits the democratic public sphere to ‘the domain in which judgments and public opinion are shaped and formed through speech’. This logocentric demarcation of democratic practice does not harmonize well with our own experience of modern politics, however, where public monuments, political imagery, and civic spaces play a critical role in the formation of political understanding and judgment, as well as starting points for discussion, debate, and disagreement. It seems similarly out of tune with what we know about the ancient Greeks, who demonstrated a readiness to move between visual and verbal content in reflecting on political and ethical life, and who developed the very idea of theôria out of an extension of the process of seeing. If, as political theorists, we can temper our habitual logocentrism and learn to attend more closely to the visual culture of Athenian democracy, we stand to add new dimensions to our collective reconstruction of the democratic public sphere and, in turn, to enhance our understanding of those texts that have long preoccupied our attention.

Phenomenology and History

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Dastur ◽  
Robert Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Life Philosophy ◽  
New Perspective

This chapter examines the philosophical reflections of Wilhelm Dilthey, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger regarding the link between phenomenology and history. The philosophies of historicity developed in the climate of relativism that marked the failure of Hegelianism announce a new confrontation with G. W. F. Hegel and a new perspective on the relation of truth and history, which must not be confused with mere anthropocentrism. It is this new perspective on history that we see unfolding in the horizon opened by Husserl's phenomenology and prepared by certain aspects of “life- philosophy.” The chapter first considers Dilthey's concept of “historicity” before discussing the similarities of the Hegelian and Husserlian manners of thinking the subject of history. It also analyzes Heidegger's claim that finitude and historicity are essentially interconnected, with mortality constituting the hidden ground of the historicity of existence.

Dilthey, Wilhelm (1833–1911)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf A. Makkreel
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Descriptive Psychology ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Causal Laws ◽  
The Way

Wilhelm Dilthey saw his work as contributing to a ‘Critique of Historical Reason’ which would expand the scope of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason by examining the epistemological conditions of the human sciences as well as of the natural sciences. Both kinds of science take their departure from ordinary life and experience, but whereas the natural sciences seek to focus on the way things behave independently of human involvement, the human sciences take account of this very involvement. The natural sciences use external observation and measurement to construct an objective domain of nature that is abstracted from the fullness of lived experience. The human sciences (humanities and social sciences), by contrast, help to define what Dilthey calls the historical world. By making use of inner as well as outer experience, the human sciences preserve a more direct link with our original sense of life than do the natural sciences. Whereas the natural sciences seek explanations of nature, connecting the discrete representations of outer experience through hypothetical generalizations and causal laws, the human sciences aim at an understanding that articulates the fundamental structures of historical life given in lived experience. Finding lived experience to be inherently connected and meaningful, Dilthey opposed traditional atomistic and associationist psychologies and developed a descriptive psychology that has been recognized as anticipating phenomenology. Dilthey first thought that this descriptive psychology could provide a neutral foundation for the other human sciences, but in his later hermeneutical writings he rejected the idea of a foundational discipline or method. Thus he ends by claiming that all the human sciences are interpretive and mutually dependent. Hermeneutically conceived, understanding is a process of interpreting the ‘objectifications of life’, the external expressions or manifestations of human thought and action. Interpersonal understanding is attained through these common objectifications and not, as is widely believed, through empathy. Moreover, to fully understand myself I must analyse the expressions of my life in the same way that I analyse the expressions of others. Not every aspect of life can be captured within the respective limits of the natural and the human sciences. Dilthey’s philosophy of life also leaves room for a kind of anthropological reflection whereby we attempt to do justice to the ultimate riddles of life and death. Such reflection receives its fullest expression in worldviews, which are overall perspectives on life encompassing the way we perceive and conceive the world, evaluate it aesthetically and respond to it in action. Dilthey discerned many typical worldviews in art and religion, but in Western philosophy he distinguished three recurrent types: the worldviews of naturalism, the idealism of freedom and objective idealism.

Lived Moments of Shift in Prospective Elementary Teachers' Mathematical Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-463
Author(s):  
Keri D. Valentine ◽  
Johnna Bolyard
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Teachers ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Prospective Elementary Teachers ◽  
Phenomenological Inquiry ◽  
Teachers Experiences ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Time Frames

Past experiences as mathematics learners play a critical role in the way mathematics teachers consider what it means to know, do, and teach mathematics. Thus, understanding past experiences and ways to work with them in teacher education is a critical concern. Using phenomenological inquiry, we investigated moments of shift that occur along one's mathematics journey. The study draws on 30 prospective teachers' experiences in the form of lived-experience writing and interview data. Findings show that prospective teachers' shifts manifest in relations with others, across different time frames, and through material relations with mathematics. Most salient was the tentative and mutable nature of shifts, showing that shift might be better viewed as a possibility rather than a single event.

scholarly journals Relational Perception and ‘the feel’ for Tools in the Wooden Boat Workshop

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Tom Martin
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Individual

This paper presents insights into the lived experience of maritime carpentry practices, based on six months of sensory-ethnographic fieldwork as a wooden boat builder’s apprentice. In particular, the author explores the widely-reported experience of tools ‘withdrawing’ from consciousness as craftspeople master their use. Without contradicting these interpretations – many of which are constructed by way of reference to ideas from Merleau-Ponty – the author suggests further theoretical resources to examine the perceptual experience of work after tools cease to be the main focus of the craftsperson’s attention. Heidegger’s idea of ‘circumspection’ is presented as a way to illuminate the relational nature of the subsequent mode of perception, in which the work as a whole fills the consciousness, rather than the individual instruments through which the work is achieved.

scholarly journals Lived Experience of Older Adults with Post-Hip Fracture

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Bishnu Bista Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
And Coping

Objective: this phenomenological study was undertaken to explore lived experiences of community dweller older adults with post hip fractured.  Methods: A qualitative research design underpinned by the philosophy of Edmund Husserl and methodological interpretations of Colaizzi’s. The series of in-depth web based interviews were simultaneously conducted and analyzed until saturation of data. Rigor of the study was maintained by validated the transcribed information by informants. Findings: based on subjective information provided by informants, sixteen themes were emerged which further merged into four theme clusters that were patho-dynamic of hip fracture, affected reaction to distress and situation appraisal, limitation in movement and being dependent on others and coping behaviors. Findings of this study indicated that informants experienced both fluid and complex that challenges all spheres of their life after hip fracture. Conclusion: It was concluded that, older adults with post-hip fracture are facing multiple situational problems like physical, emotional, care-givers and financial so that comprehensive, affordable and culturally based multi-disciplinary services are essential. Physical comforts, motivation, continuous support, encouragement for exercise, walking and financial assistance can promote their early recovery and regaining functional capacity. This approach to the study of lived experience of older adults with post-hip fracture offers an opportunity to reflect and make sense of their current situation in the light of their day to day life activities, struggling and achieving pre-fracture functional abilities, to tell their story to an interested listener and to have their feelings validated.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i1.9590 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol.1(1) 2014 35-40

Horizonte y temple de ánimo en la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (76) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio QUEPONS
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Title Page ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
The World

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Este artículo sugiere una posible sistematización de la noción de temple de ánimo o </span><span>Stimmung </span><span>de acuerdo con las investigaciones fenomeno- lógicas de Edmund Husserl. El objetivo de esa sistematización es explicar la constitución del temple de ánimo como experiencia de sentido a través de los diferentes conceptos de horizonte que aparecen a lo largo de los escri- tos de Husserl. Con el fin de defender la tesis principal el artículo presenta una síntesis de la doctrina de la intencionalidad de horizonte, seguida de un análisis de las características esenciales de la vivencia del temple de ánimo y, posteriormente, una descripción posible de los diferentes niveles de los horizontes implicados en la constitución del mundo circundante, coherentes con la experiencia del temple de ánimo. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The paper suggests a possible systematization of the notion of mood or </span><span>Stimmung </span><span>according to Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological investiga- tions. The aim of such systematization is to explain the constitution of mood as experience of sense, through the different concepts of horizon that appear along the writings of Husserl. In order to sustain the main thesis, the paper presents a synthesis of Husserl’s doctrine of horizon intentionality, followed by the analysis of the essential features of the lived-experience of mood, and afterwards, a possible description of the different layers of the horizons implied in the constitution of the world surround, coherent with the lived- experience of mood. </span></p></div></div></div><p><span><br /></span></p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Husserlian Descriptive Phenomenology: A review of intentionality, reduction and the natural attitude

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Christensen ◽  
Anthony Welch ◽  
Jennie Barr
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Natural Attitude ◽  
Descriptive Phenomenology ◽  
Philosophical Foundations

Background and aim: Descriptive phenomenology is widely used in social science research as a method to explore and describe the lived experience of individuals. It is a philosophy and a scientific method and has undertaken many variations as it has moved from the original European movement to include the American movement. The aim of this paper is to describe descriptive phenomenology in the tradition of Edmund Husserl. Integrative literature discussing the nature of descriptive phenomenology was used within this paper to elucidate the core fundamental principles of Husserlian descriptive phenomenology.Methods: This is a methodology paper that provides both an overview of the historical context and the development of descriptive phenomenology in the tradition of Husserl.Results and discussion: Descriptive phenomenology is explained from its historical underpinnings. The principles of the natural attitude, intentionality and the phenomenological reduction are described and using practical examples illustrate how each of these principles is applied within a research context.Conclusions: Understanding the key philosophical foundations of Husserlian descriptive phenomenology as a research method can be daunting to the uninitiated. This paper adds to the discussion around descriptive phenomenology and will assist and inform readers in understanding its key features as a research method. 

Hermeneutika Sebuah Metode Interpretasi Dalam Kajian Filsafat Sejarah

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Humar Sidik ◽  
Ika Putri Sulistyana
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Jurgen Habermas

<p>Hermeneutika merupakan sebuah metode interpretasi terhadap sebuah simbol baik berupa teks atau lambang lainnya. Dalam perkembangannya sebagai metode hermeneutika banyak dianut oleh berbagai disiplin ilmu demi mengungkapkan makna yang tersirat dalam sebuah simbol atau teks. Salah satu disiplin ilmu yang menggunakan hermeneutika sebagai metodenya adalah sejarah. Sejarah menggunakan hermeneutika pada bagian interpretasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menunjukan pentingnya hermeneutika dalam kajian filsafat sejarah. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah kualitatif deskriptif-analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan beberapa hal, diantaranya yaitu, varian atau jenis-jenis dalam hermeneutika mulai dari hermeneutika romantis milik Friedrich Ernst Daniel Schleiermarcher, hermeneutika metodis karya Wilhelm Dilthey, hermeneutika fenomenologis yang dibangun oleh Edmund Husserl, hermeneutika dialektis dengan eksemplar Martin Herdegger, hermeneutika kritisnya Jurgen Habermas, dan hermeneutika milik Paul Ricouer yang sering digunakan dalam teks sastra serta yang terakhir metode hermeneutika dekonstruksionis hasil pemikiran Jacques Derrida. Selain itu dibahas juga alasan hermeneutika menjadi sebuah metode dalam filsafat sejarah dan bagaimana cara memahami filsafat sejarah dengan hermeneutika. Sehingga penelitian ini berfokus pada hermeneutika sebagai metode penafsiran teks dalam filsafat sejarah dan varian yang sering digunakan dalam hermeneutika pada kajian filsafat sejarah. Hal ini dilakukan demi membatasi terlalu luasnya objek kajian dalam penelitian.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document