Problem of decision of the judicial penalty and criminal punishment as a penalty

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Татьяна Геннадьевна Лепина ◽  
Елена Николаевна Шатанкова
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Criminal Penalty ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Teaching In Higher Education

Актуальность обусловлена существованием проблемы разграничения в научных исследованиях судебного штрафа и штрафа как уголовного наказания. Предмет. Критерии отграничения судебного штрафа от уголовного наказания в виде штрафа. Цель. Авторы считают необходимым проведение разграничения рассматриваемых мер для повышения эффективности правоприменительной деятельности. Методология. Были использованы статистический, сравнительно-правовой, формально-юридический методы, методы толкования права. Результаты. Сходство судебного штрафа и штрафа как уголовного наказания обусловлено тем, что обе рассматриваемые меры подразумевают денежные выплаты лицом, виновным в совершении преступления. Также исследователи обращают внимание на одинаковый состав участников правоотношений, возникающих при функционировании рассматриваемых институтов: лицо, обязанное уплатить штраф, государство в лице судебного пристава-исполнителя. Сходными являются цели применения рассматриваемых мер. Так, восстановление социальной справедливости присуще и судебному штрафу (так как он предполагает возмещение ущерба и заглаживание вреда). Обоим мерам свойственна направленность на решение превентивных задач. Применение судебного штрафа оказывает воздействие на виновного. Лицо, которому грозила уголовная ответственность, избежавшее наказания, как правило, будет стремиться к недопущению подобных ситуаций в будущем. Наиболее выраженные различия наблюдаются при реализации цели исправления. Применение судебного штрафа свидетельствует о том, что правоприменитель признает конкретное лицо, нарушившее закон, нуждающимся в исправлении в меньшей степени (по отношению к осужденным лицам). Следовательно, при применении судебного штрафа возможно исправление и без применения уголовного наказания. Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в практической деятельности следственных, судебных органов и учреждений, исполняющих судебные решения; в образовательном процессе при преподавании в высших учебных заведениях. Заключение. Важнейшим отличием между судебным штрафом и штрафом как наказанием является наличие (отсутствие) судимости. Она отсутствует при применении первого института, но имеет место при функционировании второго, как составляющая уголовной ответственности. Однако стоит также отметить отличие, связанное с тем, что судебный штраф не подразумевает необходимость применения наказания для исправления виновного. Напротив, эта мера призвана способствовать законопослушному поведению без использования карательных средств. The relevance of this scientific article is due to the existence of the problem of differentiation in scientific research of a court fine and a fine as a criminal punishment. Subject. Criteria for delimiting a court fine from a criminal penalty in the form of a fine. Purpose. The authors consider it necessary to delimit the measures under consideration in order to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement. Methodology. The following methods were used: statistical, comparative legal, formal legal, methods of interpretation of law. Results. The similarity between the judicial fine and the fine as a criminal punishment is due to the fact that both measures considered imply cash payments to the person guilty of the crime. Researchers also pay attention to the same composition of participants in legal relations arising from the functioning of the institutions in question: the person obligated to pay the fine, the state represented by the bailiff. The objectives of the measures under consideration are similar. Thus, the restoration of social justice is also inherent in judicial fines (since it involves damages and redress). Both measures are characterized by a focus on solving preventive tasks. The application of a judicial fine affects the perpetrator. A person who faces criminal liability who has escaped punishment will tend to prevent such situations in the future. The most pronounced differences are observed when realizing the goal of correction. The application of a judicial fine indicates that the law enforcer recognizes a specific person who has violated the law as being in need of correction to a lesser extent (in relation to convicted persons). Consequently, when applying a judicial fine, corrections are possible without applying criminal penalties. Scope of the results. The results can be used in the practical activities of investigative, judicial authorities and institutions executing judicial decisions; in the educational process when teaching in higher education. Conclusion. The most important difference between a judicial fine and a fine as a punishment is the presence (absence) of a criminal record. It is absent in the application of the first institution, but takes place in the functioning of the second, as a component of criminal liability. However, it is also important to note the difference associated with the fact that a court fine does not imply the need to apply punishment to correct the perpetrator. On the contrary, this measure is designed to promote law-abiding behavior without the use of punitive means.

scholarly journals Administrative Supervision of the National Police of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
I. M. Kovalov ◽  
V. A. Yevtushok
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Administrative Supervision ◽  
The Law ◽  
Compliance With The Law ◽  
National Police

The scientific article is focused on the legal regulation of administrative supervision of the National Police of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to define the concept and features of police administrative supervision and develop propositions for amending the existing legislation regulating law enforcement activity. The relevance of the chosen topic is the fact that police officers’ powers to monitor the rule of law in the fields of economy and public administration can directly affect the rights and freedoms of individuals and the legitimate interests of legal entities. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the doctrinal definition of the concept of police administrative supervision and its features and the development of propositions for amending the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police". The publications of scholars who studied the problems of police administrative supervision in various sectors of the economy and public administration were studied. The norms of legislative acts that establish the supervisory powers of the police are analyzed. It is concluded that police administrative supervision is systematic monitoring of the compliance with Ukrainian legislation in the fields of economy, public administration, public life, and the application of coercive measures to offenders to stop the offense and bring them to justice. Features of police administrative supervision, such as regularity, legality, formality, publicity, have been identified. Police administrative supervision is protective. Its purpose is to stop and prevent violations of Ukrainian law. Administrative supervision over the compliance with the law is carried out in the areas of public order and public safety, public administration, business, drug trafficking, firearms and ammunition, road safety, and other sectors of the economy and public administration. It is offered to make appropriate amendments to the Art. 2 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police". The results of the study can be used in lawmaking, law enforcement practice, and the educational process.

Problematic aspects of the use of penitentiary information in the process of disclosure and investigation of crimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Максим Владимирович Кремлев
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

Автор, основываясь на ранее проведенных исследованиях, определяет место и роль пенитенциарной информации в процессе раскрытия и расследования преступлений. Указывается, что пенитенциарная информация превращается в процессуальную и, соответственно, в доказательственную посредством поэтапного прохождения через комплекс действий, облеченных в формы пенитенциарного, оперативно-розыскного и процессуального законодательства. Устанавливаются наиболее уязвимые места с точки зрения содержательного наполнения и процессуального оформления получаемых в рамках режимной деятельности сведений. Таковыми выступают места «сочленения» видов деятельности. Основой для подобного рода высказывания выступает разница в нормативном регулировании, в сменяемости и целеполагании исполнителей, а также их представлении о критериях успешности выполненной работы. В качестве подтверждения выдвинутого тезиса приводится пример из правоохранительной практики использования пенитенциарной информации в процессе доказывания, имеющий негативные последствия. Предлагаются направления совершенствования получения пенитенциарной информации с целью усиления ее доказательственного потенциала. In this article, the author, based on previous research determines the place and role of penitentiary information in the process of disclosure and investigation of crimes. It is specified that penitentiary information turns into procedural and, accordingly, into proofs by means of step-by-step passing through a complex of actions exposed in forms of the penitentiary, operational-search and procedural legislation. The most vulnerable places from the point of view of substantial filling and procedural registration of the data received within regime activity are established. These are the places of “articulation” of activities. It is concluded that the basis for this kind of statement is the difference in regulatory regulation, in the turnover and goal-setting of performers, as well as their representation of the criteria for the success of the work performed. As a confirmation of the proposed thesis, an example from the law enforcement practice of using penitentiary information in the process of proving having negative consequences is given. Directions of improvement of receiving penitentiary information for the purpose of strengthening of its evidentiary potential are offered.

scholarly journals The National Police of Ukraine as a component of the domestic law enforcement system

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Harust ◽  
S.Yu. Kalyta
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
The Law ◽  
National Police ◽  
Domestic Law

In Ukraine, there are qualitative changes in the reform of law enforcement agencies in order to more effectively ensure the rule of law in the country, protect human rights and freedoms and increase public confidence in these bodies. Undoubtedly, it is important to create a National Police, which plays an important role in the domestic law enforcement system. Since the first days of its operation, the police have received support from citizens, who argue with various sociological surveys, because this law enforcement agency is open enough in its activity, there is contact with the population. The article is devoted to the activity of a component of the domestic law enforcement system – the National Police. The National Police of Ukraine (police) is a central executive body that serves society by ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, combating crime, maintaining public safety and order. This topic is very relevant, as the police are a relatively new subject in the law enforcement system and are on their way. The scientific article investigates which regulatory acts regulate the activity of this law enforcement agency, the structure, main tasks of the police are found out on the basis of the current legislation. The structure of the National Police is quite complex and due to the shortcomings in the legislation, there are problems concerning the interaction between the units. The publication examines the procedure for appointing persons to the post of a police officer and identifies the main problems of selecting candidates to the ranks of the National Police. The importance of introducing in the Law of Ukraine “On National Police” the task of the police is emphasized – to provide within the limits specified by the law services for assistance to persons who, for personal, economic, social reasons or due to emergency situations, need such assistance. Some of the shortcomings of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” have been identified and suggestions for improvement of this legal action have been proposed. Keywords: law enforcement system, National Police of Ukraine, police tasks, police structure, police officer.

scholarly journals Improving the Training of Law Enforcement Officers in Countering Crimes Committed Using Information Technology

Legal Concept ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Ivan Arkhiptsev ◽  
Alexander Sarychev ◽  
Roman Krasnikov
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Law ◽  
Internal Affairs

Introduction: according to the official statistics, the number of acts involving information technology is increasing every year in Russia. In particular, currently, the types of crimes in the field of information technology are changing qualitatively and continue to evolve continuously, becoming highly organized and more sophisticated. Through the use of information technologies in Russia, such crimes as hacking, illegal data acquisition (information espionage), theft of other people’s property from payment (settlement) cards and accounts of citizens, trafficking of drugs, arms, human beings are committed; the extremist literature is distributed, new members of terrorist groups are recruited; pornography, including children, is spread, illegal gambling and online games are conducted; fraud through the use of cellular and IP-telephony services, theft of personal data in large amount and selling them, and other crimes are committed using information technologies. The current type of computer fraud – phishing – is gaining momentum. Its essence is that cybercriminals seek to get hold of the data of ordinary people through computer technology, and using this data, get hold of their funds, including financial ones. It seems that such actions can neither contribute to the development of Russian society, nor to the development of civilized relations in society, nor to the development of information networks themselves. After all, any technology can be used for both constructive and non-constructive technologies. And when these goals are destructive, the law enforcement agencies, in our opinion, should have an effective level of training to deal with such violations. We believe that it is not enough to calculate, detect, and establish. We still need to be able to bring the culprit to criminal responsibility. In this regard, the most important thing is to ensure that anonymity not only creates the illusion of impunity, but also that the law enforcement agencies have a sufficient legal, organizational and, first of all, personnel basis to expose the criminal. In order to successfully thwart crimes in the field of information technology, the availability of implementation of the adopted standards and the key to the implementation of the state policy in the field of information security is the training and education of appropriate personnel who would provide “breakthrough” results in this area. The purpose of the research is to study the issues of improving the training of the law enforcement officers in countering crimes committed through the use of information technologies. Methods: the research uses a comparative analysis and generalization of the examples of the educational methods used in the educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the field of information security. The authors study, in particular, the general theoretical and practical orientation of the educational process in this area, synthesizing the results obtained, whose purpose is to improve the training of highly qualified specialists for the Internal Affairs bodies capable of countering crimes in the field of information technologies. Results: the authors formulate the main directions for improving the training of the law enforcement officers to counter crimes committed using information technologies, in particular, on the example of the educational organizations used in the educational process of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Thus, one of the measures proposed by the authors in this direction is the opening of a new specialty – cyber-investigator or cyber-criminalist. The entry of developed countries into the sixth technological order and the further active digitalization of the world economy predict a huge scale and replication of crimes using information technologies. This circumstance actualizes the need to popularize the profession of a cyber-investigator – a specialist with an interdisciplinary education, i.e. experience in the investigative agencies will have to be combined with the skills of a criminalist and a specialist in the field of information protection.

scholarly journals Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pengambilan Benda Bergerak Sebagai Objek Pembiayaan Leasing

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Tito Alhafezt ◽  
Triono Eddy ◽  
Alpi Sahari
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Debt Collectors ◽  
The Law ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
The Right

The principle of the pacta sun servanda agreement stating that the agreement made by the parties to the agreement, will be the law for both, remains in force and becomes the main hope in the law of the agreement. But the agreement that provides fiduciary guarantees under the hand cannot be executed. The execution process must be carried out by submitting a lawsuit to the Negri Court through normal procedural law so that the court's ruling decreases. This paper aims to analyze or examine the legal arrangements for the taking of movable objects as objects of leasing financing and criminal liability for the actions of taking movable objects as objects of leasing financing. The results of this study indicate that criminal policies against financial institutions in the execution of fiduciary guarantees by debt collectors who have changed hands under the law number 42 of 199 concerning fiduciary guarantees to ensure legal certainty are made akata by the notary public and registered with the fiduciary office. Law enforcement against leasing parties in withdrawing fiduciary collateral by debt collectors based on law number 42 of 1999 concerning fiduciary explains that the right of execution is the authority of the court, not the authority of the seller of debt collection services that are usually leased by the leasing party.

Compulsory Educational Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Pudovochkin Yu. E. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of

Problem Statement. Improvement of juvenile justice presupposes active and priority application of alternative measures to criminal punishment. Such, according to the Criminal Code of Russia, are compulsory educational measures, which are imposed in the order of exemption from criminal liability or from criminal punishment. Their proper application implies a clear definition of the content of educational measures, clarification of the order of their appointment and execution. Nevertheless, these matters are not fully regulated in the law, which poses a inconsistent practice of their application and ultimately reduces the effectiveness of juvenile justice. In this regard, the task of concretizing the content of compulsory educational measures is seen as urgent. Goals and Objectives of the Study. Specification of the normative prescriptions that define the content of compulsory educational measures and the determination on this basis of the main directions for improving the application practice of the provisions of Art. 90 and Art. 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Methods. Formal-logical analysis of the legal acts that determine the content, application procedure and execution of educational measures; study and critical assessment of literature on the research topic; statistical analysis of judicial practice; documentary analysis of court files in criminal cases. Results, Summary Conclusions. The list of compulsory educational measures established by the law is adequate to the tasks of correcting juvenile offenders and preventing crimes on their part. However, improving the quality of justice in criminal cases involves: disclosure of the content of such a measure of influence as a warning in the text of a judicial act; unification of ideas about the state body, under the supervision of which minors can be transferred and the recognition as such of the territorial commission on minors; the definition of such a measure as the imposition of the obligation to make amends for the harm caused analogously to other situations of exemption from liability and the use of this measure as a backup; normative establishment of the terms for the application of such measures of influence as warning and imposition of the obligation to make amends for the harm caused; further study of regional differences in the enforcement of compulsory educational measures.

scholarly journals Corporate Conception in Terrorism Based on Act No. 5 Of 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Parikhesit Parikhesit ◽  
Gunarto Gunarto ◽  
Maryanto Maryanto
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Corporate Accountability ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Law ◽  
Corporate Criminal Liability

Enforcement strategies terrorism has changed from that previously used the law enforcement strategy reactive (reactive law enforcement) to the law enforcement proactive (proactive law enforcement). Enforcement strategies are proactive expected to reach the corporate as well as those who are behind it as the founders, leaders and corporate board into the hands of the main perpetrators of criminal acts of terrorism.The purpose of writing is to know the conception of the corporation in criminal acts of terrorism and how the system of corporate criminal liability in criminal acts of terrorism under the Act No. 5 of 2018.Act No. 5 of 2018 recognize the corporation as a subject or as a criminal. While the forms of criminal acts committed by a corporation is the criminal acts committed by individuals. Thus the corporation can be said to be committing a crime as stipulated in the formulation of a criminal offense if the offense is committed by people on the basis of employment, or other relation, either individually or jointly, acting for and on behalf of the corporation in and outside the corporate environment.The setting is the principal criminal fines against corporations show that the conception of the corporation in criminal acts of terrorism under the Act No. 5 of 2018 is the third model is the corporation as a maker as well as corporate responsibility.Keywords: Corporate; Accountability; Terrorism.

scholarly journals The Procedure for the Official Publishing of Regulatory Legal Acts as a Source of Russian Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Olesya Kazantseva
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Official Publication ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of

The article is aimed at the study of the procedure for publishing of regulatory legal acts in accordance with Russian legislation. Normative legal acts affecting the rights, freedoms and duties of man and citizen are the most important source of Russian law and should be officially published. It is with this fact that the law connects their entry into force. Given that there are no legal definitions of a regulatory legal act, official text, publication, problems arise in law enforcement practice. In addition, the diversity of normative acts by the level of their adoption indicates the diversity of sources of their official publication. This scientific article has been delivered in order to determine the rules for the publishing of laws and other regulations, national and international documents. The author concludes that it is necessary to improve legislation in field and the legal definition of the concepts under study.

scholarly journals Personal interest in non-performance of tax agent as motive of crime should be excluded

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
Иван Соловьев ◽  
Ivan Solovev
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Entities

The article deals with the issues of bringing the heads of legal entities to criminal liability for failure to perform the duties of a tax agent. At the same time, the motive of the crime, which is mandatory and enshrined in the law, is personal interest. The courts assess the content of this concept differently, which leads to different court decisions in this area. The uncertainty of the concept of «personal interest» leads to the violation of human rights and is one of the corruption factors in law enforcement.

scholarly journals LEGAL ENFORCEMENT DECRIMINALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMY OF CRIMINAL IMPACT MEASURES: CONCEPT, SIGNS AND IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
A. V. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Administrative Legislation ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Law ◽  
Implementation Problems

The article examines decriminalization, which is a method of criminal law policy. The author substantiates the division of decriminalization according to the forms of its implementation into legislative and law enforcement. The legal nature of law enforcement decriminalization is analyzed. On the basis of the features identified by the author, its concept is formulated. The problems of the implementation of law enforcement decriminalization associated with the interpretation of evaluative features, the presence of legislative problems expressed in the intersectoral inconsistency of criminal and administrative legislation, as well as the formulation of qualifying signs of individual offenses that are not related to the commission of an act that forms the main body of these crimes are noted. Based on the study, analysis of legislation and theoretical views, a conclusion is made about the existence of a legislative basis for law enforcement decriminalization, it is argued that the phenomenon under study is one of the most important components of the law enforcement economy of criminal law impact, contributing to the implementation of the principle of fairness of criminal law and criminal liability.

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