scholarly journals Characteristic and Genesis of Black and Red Soil Vertisol in Jeneponto Regency

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala Juita ◽  
. Iskandar ◽  
. Sudarsono
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Village

One of factors that is interasting from Vertisol to be investigated beside the management of the soil fertility was color variations which can vary from gray to brown and brownish red. Exclusive characteristics of Vertisol are shrink swell capacity with clay dominant clay that make agricultural activities in the Jeneponto area less productive. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences of physical and chemical characteristics of black and red Vertisol in Jeneponto R.egency. The research location was based on the difference and overlaying of soil color. Black soils were taken from the village Bontomarannu and Tonrokassi Timur while red soil and overlaying colors of red and black soil were taken from the village Sarroanging. Results showed that one of the chemical characteristic which was very differences between black and red soils were calcium carbonate and base saturation. Generally CaCO3 on black soil was higher (ranged of 13.20-36.73%) than  red soil (ranged of 2.21-13.86%). As for overlaying colors of red and black soil were ranged of 2.62-3.88%. The highest base saturation was found in the black soil that was> 100%, red soil between 40-89% and overlaying colors red and black soil between 80-83%.  While Fe, Mn and Al concentrations were highest with citrate dithionite bicarbonate extracts followed by oxalate and pyrophosphate extracts. Clay montmorillonite minerals were present in all profiles observed.

scholarly journals The Physical and Chemical Characteristic of 3 Varietas of Germination Brown Rice (Mentik susu, Ciherang, and Pandan wangi)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Dwi Eva Nirmagustina
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rice ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Brown rice has physical and sensory characteristics that are less favorable despite its high content of nutrition and phytochemical. The germination process is one way to improve and increase the acceptance of brown rice. The objective research was to determine germination time and varieties of brown rice on the physical and chemical characteristics of germinated brown rice. The research was conducted in RAL with 2 factors, germination time (24, 48, and 72 hours) and rice varieties (Mentik susu, Ciherang, and Pandan wangi). The data obtained were processed with analysis of variance to determine the effect of treatment on the parameters tested. If the effect is significant, then to determine the difference between treatments, a Tukey test is performed. Germination time of 24, 48, and 72 hours affected the color, germination, weight, dimensions of lenght, width, and thickness, bulk density, hydration capacity and swelling of germinated brown rice var. Mentik susu, Ciherang, and Pandan wangi. Germination time of 24, 48, 72 hours affected the chemical composition of BCG var. Mentik susu, Ciherang, and Pandan wangi. Based on observations of the physical and chemical characteristics of BCG var. Mentik susu, Ciherang, and Pandan wangi, germination time of 48 hours is recommended to do the germination with germination time of 48 hours compared to germination time of 24 and 72 hours.

scholarly journals Relationships between physical and chemical characteristics and calculated metabolizable energy values in barley and oats with highly variable volume weights

1978 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Variable Volume ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical

61 samples of barley with a volume weight of 38—75 kg/hl, and 49 oat samples with a volume weight of 40—65kg/hl were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The approximate metabolizable energy (ME) value was calculated from the composition. The physical characteristics varied more, but the starch content less, in barley than in oats. There was also a negative correlation between starch and crude protein, and ether extract level in barley, but not in oats. Therefore the difference between the ME values of the best and the poorest samples was only 12% for barley, but 27 % for oats. Both the starch and the crude protein content predicted the ME value well: R2 of starch was 78—94 %, and that of crude fibre 55—84 %. The volume weight still gave a good indication for barley, but not at all for oats.

The productivity of breeding ewes grazing on lucerne or grass and clover pastures on the tablelands of southern Australia. II. Wool production and ewe weight.

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Donnelly ◽  
FHW Morley ◽  
GT McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Pregnancy Toxaemia

Spring-lambing Merino and crossbred ewes grazing on dryland lucerne pastures were generally heavier throughout the year than ewes grazing on phalaris and subterranean clover pastures, even though they experienced greater weight losses during winter. These losses were mostly eliminated by compensatory gains in spring. Annual fleece weights of the Merino ewes grazing on lucerne or phalaris and subterranean clover pastures declined linearly by 146 and 64 g respectively for each additional ewe carried over a range of stocking rates from 9 to 18 ha-1. Corresponding figures for crossbred ewes were 114 and 46 g. In each case the difference between pasture species was significant (P < 0.02). Only at the lowest stocking rates were fleeces from ewes on lucerne heavier (by c. 500 g) than those from ewes on phalaris. At the highest stocking rates, there were no advantages in terms of wool production from grazing breeding ewes on lucerne. Not only was there a greater need for supplementary feed during late pregnancy to avoid losses from pregnancy toxaemia, but the lucerne pastures at all stocking rates proved more sensitive to unfavourable physical and chemical characteristics of soils than did phalaris and subterranean clover pastures. The fleece weights of Merino and crossbred ewes declined, on average, by 70 and 50 g per year for ewes aged between 1+ and 6+ years. Pregnancy reduced fleece weights by 5-10% in Merinos and 5-21% in crossbred ewes, depending on seasonal conditions which varied from year to year. For Merinos only, dry ewes grew about 4% more wool than lactating ewes. No other effects of reproduction on fleece weights were observed.

scholarly journals Differences in the decomposition of green and senescent leaves in streams of Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (Amazonas, Brazil)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bianca Maíra de Paiva Ottoni-Boldrini
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Leaf Decomposition ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Leaf Type ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Over Time

Leaves are considered the main energetic resource supply among all the allochthonous organic material available for the small shaded streams. However, their processing is limited by the physical and chemical characteristics of the leaves. Therefore, this research aimed to: i) evaluate the difference in decomposition coefficients between green and senescent leaves; ii) compare richness and density of aquatic invertebrates colonizing decomposing green and senescent leaves.  Between November 2012 and January 2013, 12 leaf packages (6 senescent and 6 green) of 14 plant species were installed in 3 streams of the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (Manaus/AM - Brazil). After 15, 30 and 60 days the submerged packages were removed. The collected material was taken to the laboratory for analyzes of: aquatic invertebrates and leaves' mass remnants. Paired t-test was performed to verify if the decomposition coefficients (k) differed. ANCOVAs were performed to compare: the remaining mass (%), richness and density of aquatic invertebrates between leaf type over time. The green leaves presented higher leaf decomposition rates than in senescent ones. The leaf type influenced the average invertebrates densities. Therefore, green leaves were more susceptible to the colonization of aquatic invertebrates associated with the leaf decomposition process in small Amazonian streams. 

scholarly journals Various dosages of active powder of cassava improved sustainability of physical and chemical characteristics of Vertisol and Alfisol on dryland farming system

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
IN P SOETEDJO
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Soetedjo IP. 2019. Various dosages of active powder of cassava improved sustainability of physical and chemical characteristics of Vertisol and Alfisol on dryland farming system. Trop Drylands 3: 29-33. Vertisol and Alfisol are two kinds of dominant soil in dryland farming system of East Nusa Tenggara and other areas with similar ecological conditions. However, both soils generally have a low content of some nutrients such as N, P, K, C organic, and are dominated by clay, high water saturated, and prone to Al, Fe, and Mn poisonings. Some studies reported that improvement practices by application of inorganic and organic fertilizers increased soil compaction and soil microbiology dormancy. An innovation product called active powder may improve soil microbiology activity and physical characteristics of soil, which might then improve the availability of soil nutrients. Research had been done to know the effect of various dosages of active powder to enhance the physical and chemical characteristic of Vertisol and Alfisol in dryland farming system in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. The research was a factorial treatment designed laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design, and four replicates. The treatments employed were two types of soil (Vertisol and Alfisol) and various dosages of active powder (0, 100, 200, and 300 g ha-1). Parameters observed were subjected to ANOVA and was followed by a Least Significant Different Test at 0.05 level. Results of the research showed that dosage of active powder of 300 g ha-1 was able to improve number colony of soil bacteria, soil porosity, soil bulk density, total N, P availability, and K availability. Generally, the physical and chemical characteristic of Vertisol was better improved than Alfisol. The yield of mungbean was significantly affected by the dosage of the active powder of 200-300 g ha-1 in which yield of mungbean grown at Vertisol was higher than that at Alfisol.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF YOUNG COCONUT LEAVES (Cocos nucifera L.) AS TRADITIONAL PACKAGING

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Edlina Putri Sukma Dewi ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Traditional food is usually packed with natural packaging materials such as young coconut leaves (janur), but a little scientific information is available related to the packaging material. This study aimed to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of fresh and steamed janur (30 minutes steaming at 100 0 C). The physical and chemical properties of janur were expected to be the basis for the development of janur as an environmentally friendly packaging material. The results showed that fresh and steamed janur color was greenish-yellow and brownish-yellow. The fresh and steamed janur had a tensile strength 19.19 MPa and 30.62 MPa; water content 73.54% and 69.57%; and fat content 1.85% and 0.54%, respectively. After steaming, the microstructure of the cells became finer and irregular. The dominant fatty acid in fresh janur and steamed janur was palmitic acid (24.27%), and palmitoleic acid (38.56%), respectively. The treatment of steaming of janur influenced the physical and chemical characteristics of packaging materials.

scholarly journals Preliminary Studies of Intercropping Combinations Based on Pigeonpea or Sorghum

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Rao ◽  
R. W. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Black Soil ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYVarious intercrops were examined in an alternate row pattern with pigeonpea or sorghum on both Alfisol (red soil) and Vertisol (black soil). The slow-establishing and later-maturing pigeonpea combined well with earlier cereals and legumes to give very large yield advantages as measured by the Land Equivalent Ratio. In the pigeonpea/cereal combinations, the earlier the cereal the bigger the yield advantage tended to be, attributed to improved use of resources over time as the difference in maturity periods of the component crops increased. Sorghum was generally more competitive than pigeonpea and intercropping advantages tended to be less. But even where there was little difference in maturity periods of the component crops, both sorghum/legume and sorghum/cereal combinations gave substantial and statistically significant advantages, suggesting that improved ‘spatial’ use of resources was also important.

Characterization of defects in tabular silver halide grains

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046-1047
Author(s):  
C. Goessens ◽  
D. Schryvers ◽  
J. Van Landuyt ◽  
A. Verbeeck ◽  
R. De Keyzer
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Silver Halide ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Free Region ◽  
Central Defect ◽  
Crystallographic Defects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Two Sides

Silver halide grains (AgX, X=Cl,Br,I) are commonly recognized as important entities in photographic applications. Depending on the preparation specifications one can grow cubic, octahedral, tabular a.o. morphologies, each with its own physical and chemical characteristics. In the present study crystallographic defects introduced by the mixing of 5-20% iodide in a growing AgBr tabular grain are investigated. X-ray diffractometry reveals the existence of a homogeneous Ag(Br1-xIx) region, expected to be formed around the AgBr kernel. In fig. 1 a two-beam BF image, taken at T≈100 K to diminish radiation damage, of a triangular tabular grain is presented, clearly showing defect contrast fringes along four of the six directions; the remaining two sides show similar contrast under relevant diffraction conditions. The width of the central defect free region corresponds with the pure AgBr kernel grown before the mixing with I. The thickness of a given grain lies between 0.15 and 0.3 μm: as indicated in fig. 2 triangular (resp. hexagonal) grains exhibit an uneven (resp. even) number of twin interfaces (i.e., between + and - twin variants) parallel with the (111) surfaces. The thickness of the grains and the existence of the twin variants was confirmed from CTEM images of perpendicular cuts.

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