scholarly journals Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome in Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bonetti ◽  
C. M. F. Mangia ◽  
J. M. F. Zuza ◽  
M. O. Barcelos ◽  
M. M. S. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pediatric Nephrology ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. Methods. A historical cohort study was performed encompassing a ten-year period from January 1994 to January 2004 in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology at a full-service hospital; demographic factors, triggering factors, time of hospitalization, supportive therapy, and disease progression were analyzed. Results. Twenty-seven children aged 5 to 99 months (median age of 14 months) were studied; 70.4% were male. Of the 27 patients, 77.8% were from urban areas and 18.5% were from rural areas. Eight of the patients (29.6%) were reported to drink raw milk, and clinical diarrhea was reported in 81.5% of cases. The most common signs and symptoms were fever and vomiting (85.1%), anuria (63.0%), seizure (33.0%), cardiac involvement (11.0%), and acute pulmonary edema (7.4%). Dialysis was performed on 20 patients (74%). The mean hospital stay was 24 days (range: 13 to 36 days). While monitoring the patients, 2 died (7.4%), 3 developed chronic kidney disease (11.0%), and 21 (77.8%) developed hypertension. Conclusion. Our results emphasize the possibility of diagnosing HUS as a cause of renal failure in childhood in both typical (postdiarrheal) and atypical forms and suggest that an investigation of the etiological agent should be made whenever possible.

scholarly journals Salt intake and blood pressure in Iranian children and adolescents: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Emamian ◽  
Hossein Ebrahimi ◽  
Hassan Hashemi ◽  
Akbar Fotouhi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of hypertension in Iranian students, especially in rural areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the daily intake of salt in students and its association with high blood pressure. Methods A random sub-sample was selected from the participants of the second phase of Shahroud schoolchildren eye cohort study and then a random urine sample was tested for sodium, potassium and creatinine. Urine electrolyte esexcretion and daily salt intake were calculated by Tanaka et al.’s formula. Results Among 1455 participants (including 230 participants from rural area and 472 girls), the mean age was 12.9 ± 1.7 year and the mean daily salt intake was 9.7 ± 2.6 g (95% CI 9.5–9.8). The mean salt consumption in rural areas [10.8 (95% CI 10.4–11.2)] was higher than urban areas [9.4 (95% CI 9.3–9.6)], in people with hypertension [10.8 (95% CI 10.3–11.3)] was more than people with normal blood pressure [9.4 (95% CI 9.3–9.6)], and in boys [9.8 (95% CI 9.7–10.0)] was more than girls [9.3 (95% CI 9.1–9.6)]. Higher age, BMI z-score, male sex and rural life, were associated with increased daily salt intake. Increased salt intake was associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion Daily salt intake in Iranian adolescents was about 2 times the recommended amount of the World Health Organization, was higher in rural areas and was associated with blood pressure. Reducing salt intake should be considered as an important intervention, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals A hospital-based study on clinical data, demographic data and visual function of keratoconus patients in Central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaili Yang ◽  
Liyan Xu ◽  
Qi Fan ◽  
Yuwei Gu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Central China ◽  
The Mean

AbstractChina is a populous country but lacks epidemiological data on keratoconus (KC). The present study aimed to investigate the clinical data, demographic data, and visual function (VF) data of KC patients in Central China. A total of 524 KC eyes in 307 KC patients (217 bilateral and 90 unilateral) from Henan Eye Hospital were included in the current study. Demographic and VF data were assessed with questionnaires administered by well-trained staff during face-to-face interviews. Visual acuity value was examined by a qualified optometrist, and the clinical data were measured by professional clinicians. The distributions of sex, residence and education level of KC patients were compared by Chi-square tests, and the ratios of people wearing glasses and rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses were compared by McNemar tests. General linear models/Chi-squared tests were used to compare the clinical and demographic data according to KC severity. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to test the associations between the data and KC severity. The mean age at diagnosis was 20.98 ± 6.06 years, and males had a higher ratio of KC than females (P < 0.001). Patients in rural areas had a higher rate of KC than those in urban areas (P = 0.039), and the proportion of KC patients with a higher education level (above high school) was high (P < 0.001). A total of 68.40% of the patients reported eye rubbing and 3.52% had a positive family history. The percentage of people wearing glasses was higher than that of patients wearing RGP lenses (P < 0.001). The total VF score of KC patients was 69.35 ± 15.25. The thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) and stiffness parameter at the first applanation (SP-A1) values were inversely correlated with KC severity (P < 0.05). The mean, steep, and max keratometry (Km, Ks and Kmax) values, the RGP lens use and keratoplasty were positively correlated with KC severity (all P < 0.05). The total VF score of the eye with better VA decreased as the severity increased (r = − 0.21, P = 0.002). The present study comprehensively describes various associated features of KC patients from a tertiary hospital in Central China, providing a reference for understanding the characteristics of KC patients in China.

A serological and epidemiological evaluation of risk factors for toxocariasis in children in central Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Żarnowska ◽  
Anna Borecka ◽  
Jakub Gawor ◽  
Magdalena Marczyńska ◽  
Sabina Dobosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Data Contamination ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

AbstractThe level of specific anti-Toxocara IgG was examined in 343 children from central Poland with suspected Toxocara infection. Based on the presence of specific IgG antibodies and clinical signs and symptoms, toxocariasis was confirmed in 249 patients. The serological results of diagnosed cases were analysed in connection with epidemiological data (contamination of soil around the children's homes and presence of a dog or a cat). A higher prevalence of soil contamination with Toxocara eggs was found in suburban and rural areas (30.9% and 24.6%, respectively) whereas it was lower in urban areas (10.3%). In about 40% of the children whose households were not contaminated, a decrease in the antibody level was observed 2 years after treatment for toxocariasis, while there was no such decline in those living in contaminated places. The logistic regression model employed to determine the correlation between seropositivity in the children and selected epidemiological risk factors showed a statistically significant relationship in connection only with dog ownership (P = 0.0238). The present results have demonstrated the high risk of toxocariasis for children from rural and suburban areas in Poland. The sero-epidemiological investigations indicated that re-infection might be the reason for persistence of seropositivity after treatment.

Propranolol Plasma Concentrations and Plasmapheresis

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Talbert ◽  
Yan Yan Wong ◽  
Douglas B. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Elimination Rate Constant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
The Mean

Propranolol plasma concentrations were determined in a patient with hemolytic-uremic syndrome undergoing plasmapheresis before and after the procedure on three occasions. The mean half-life and elimination rate constant during plasmapheresis were estimated to be 25.6 percent of the values obtained without plasmapheresis. These changes suggest that plasmapheresis may influence propranolol disposition.

scholarly journals Oral Health Practices And Status Of 12-Year-Old Pupils In The Western Region Of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashu Michael Agbor ◽  
Thwanche Raissa Kuimo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Deciduous Molars

Dental caries, though common, presents with considerable variation in occurrence between countries, regions within countries, areas within regions, and among social and ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to describe the oral health status and practices of primary school children in the western region of Cameroon. This was a comparative descriptive cross sectional study took place in April to October 2018 in primary schools located in three localities (Urban, semi urban and rural) of the West region of Cameroon using a multistage random (cluster) sampling technique. There were a predominance of female pupils 265(54.9 %) than males 218 (45.1 %) and 411 (85.1 %) of the pupils had toothbrushes with the majority from urban areas 142 (94.7%). The frequency of brushing was higher in urban than the semi-urban and rural areas and 212 (50.5) of them brushed teeth once a day and nearly half 184 (43.8) twice daily. More than half 238 (56.7) of the children brush before breakfast wake up  less than half brush  176 (42%) brush after supper.  Two third 280(66.8%) of the children brush their teeth with toothbrush and without toothpaste 54(39.4%) was higher in rural areas. Wood ash 7 (5.1%), soap 4(2.9%) and chewing sticks 3(2, 2%) were most frequently used for brushing in rural areas. The majority 395 (82 %) of the children had plaque, 73(15.1 %) presented with dental mal positions, 341 (70.6 %) with bleeding gums and 223 (46.2 %) had calculus which was predominant in lower incisors. The prevalence of dental caries in the entire population was 28.1%.The majority of pupils 346 (71.6 %) were caries free and 01 (0.2 %) had a missing tooth due to decay. None of the children presented with filled teeth. The mean DMFT was higher in the rural (0.39) as compared to the semi urban (0.18) and the urban (0.09) respectively. The mean DMFT index of the entire population was 0.28 while 135(27.9%) of the pupils presented with enamel caries which was predominant in the first permanent molar, 19 (47.2%) presented with deep caries mostly in the second deciduous molars and 8 (22.5%) presented with enamel caries on the second deciduous molars. Dental trauma 12 (2.5%) was mostly found in the upper central incisors. More than a third 61(36.1%) of the pupils who presented with gingivitis were from rural areas,43(25,4%) from semi urban, and 40(26.7%) from urban areas. Almost all the children who lived in semi-urban 157(92.9%) and in urban areas 150 (78.7%) consumed cariogenic diets. A third of the children who ate in-between meals lived in urban areas149 (34.2%) while 123 (72.8%) of the children in semi-urban areas were conscious of their oral hygiene, and 61 (37.2%) of the children’s food are controlled by the parents. Only 37 (7.7 %) of the children have done have ever been to a dentist. The prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases and other orofacial lesions in the western region of Cameroon was low. Dental caries was found to be higher in rural and urban areas. Collaboration between the ministries of health and basic education is necessary as a measure to institute oral health education in primary schools. This will go a long way to reduce inequalities in oral health by improving in the oral practices.

scholarly journals Microelements and heavy metals in raw cow milk from various regions in Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Zivkov-Balos ◽  
Sandra Jaksic ◽  
Zeljko Mihaljev ◽  
Zeljko Cupic ◽  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Feed Samples

In this study, the investigation results of raw milk and animal feed samples from farms located around industrial areas and from rural areas in Serbia are presented. Various microelements and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb and Cd) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Mean concentration of Zn, Cu, Fe and Cd in raw milk were 5.94, 0.239, 2.034 and below 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. The mean lead concentration found in milk from a farm located near industrial area was 0.242?0.166 mg/kg (mean Pb concentrations for other four investigated farms were below 0.05 mg/kg). The obtained results indicate that particular attention should be paid to control of Pb residues in food, water and environment.

Suicide among Adolescents in Greece

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Beratis
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Mean

The mean suicide rate among 10–19–year-olds in Greece from 1980 to 1987 was 0.98/100 000 per year (male 1.07, female 0.89). Girls and boys demonstrated the greatest suicide rate at 16 and 19 years, respectively. The combined suicide rate was significantly higher in the rural areas (1.48) than in Athens (0.48) and the other urban areas (0.98). Boys committed suicide more frequently than girls in Athens and other urban areas, whereas girls did so in the rural areas. The suicide rate declined during the last three years of the study. Differences in the methods used and the reported reasons for suicide were observed among the adolescents in Athens, other urban areas, and the rural areas. Greek adolescents appear to be relatively protected from suicide, particularly those who live in the urban areas.

ADULT ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS INFLUENCING AGE AT MENARCHE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. GOLAM HOSSAIN ◽  
AI-SZE WEE ◽  
MAEIRAH ASHAIE ◽  
T. KAMARUL
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The University

SummaryEarly onset of menarche has been shown to be associated with breast cancer and ischaemic heart disease. Studies on age at menarche of the Malaysian population are poorly documented. This study aimed to determine the influence of anthropometric and socio-demographic factors on the age at menarche of university students in Malaysia. Data were obtained in 2010–11 from 961 students between the ages of 18 and 25 years from the University of Malaya using stratified sampling, and multiple regression analysis was applied. Sixty-three per cent of students reached menarche at the age of 12 or 13 years, with the mean and median of age at menarche being 12.45±1.17 and 12.01 years, respectively. Menarcheal age was positively associated with height (p<0.05) and negatively associated with BMI (p<0.001). Students from urban areas attained menarche earlier than those from rural areas (p<0.05). Students from small-sized families attained menarche earlier than those from larger families (p<0.05). First-born students experienced menarche earlier than those who were seventh-born or later. Obese and overweight students reached menarche earlier than students who were underweight or of normal weight (p<0.01). The variations in age at menarche among the Malaysian ethnic groups were statistically insignificant. The results suggest that heavier and first-born students from small families are more likely to attain menarche earlier than their counterparts.

Parasuicidal poisoning treated in a Greek medical ward: epidemiology and clinical experience

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Hatzitolios ◽  
M L Sion ◽  
N P Eleftheriadis ◽  
E Toulis ◽  
G Efstratiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Case Series

Objective: To study the epidemiology of acute poisoning patients presenting to an acute medical service ward in a Greek hospital between January 1998 and December 2000. Design: Prospective case series. Results: A total of 273 patients with self-poisoning were included in the study. This represented 3.8% of the overall admissions to the unit. The mean age of patients was 33, the most frequent age group being that aged 20–30 years (36.2% of total) with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.97. Sixty per cent of patients was admitted within 4 h. Those from urban areas comprised 76.2% and 23.8% from rural areas. The most frequently ingested agents were psychopharmaceuticals (37.4%) and analgesics/anti-rheumatics (32.6%). Pesticides (7.7% of total) were most frequently used by patients coming from rural areas (32.3% of patients from rural areas). Alcohol was included in the overdose in 8.4%. Of the patients, 16.2% had a previous history of overdose. In this case series, psychiatric assessment suggested that 52% of the patients had a formal psychotic diagnosis, 21% had personality disorder and 27% had taken an overdose in response to stress. The most frequently documented precipitating factors were family problems and disputes (37%). Unusually, the seasonal distribution in these patients suggested a peak in summer (37.5% of presentations) with lower numbers in spring (30.2%), autumn (17.7%) and winter (14.6%). Of the patients, 23.7% presented in July. A total of 73.5% of patients was conscious, 16.4% was somnolent, 4.5% was in precoma and 5.6% was in coma (GCS <8). Patients who received antidotal therapy comprised 17.9%. Evidence of hepatic dysfunction was observed in 8.9% of patients and renal dysfunction in 3.6%. Extracorporeal techniques for drug removal (hemodialysis and hemoperfusion) were used in 2.2% of patients. Intensive care therapy was required in 11.4% of patients. The mean overall hospitalization time was 3.3 days. The mortality rate was 2.9%. Conclusions: This study shows that the epidemiology of self-harm by overdose in Greece is significantly different in terms of the seasonal presentation from other parts of Europe. The agents ingested and other features are similar to northern Europe. Psychiatric diagnoses are more common in our group than in those reported from northern Europe.

scholarly journals Comparing knowledge of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ayaz Sabri ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Qayyum ◽  
Naif Usman Saigol ◽  
Khurram Zafar ◽  
Fawad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Question Survey ◽  
Awareness Level

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the awareness of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics. After analyzing the awareness level of both populations, the urban diabetics were found to be more educated about diabetes. A 25-question survey was used to judge the awareness level of diabetes mellitus. A total of 240 diabetics were surveyed, 120 each from rural and urban areas. The mean awareness among the rural population was 13 (SD± 2) correct answers out of a possible 25. Similarly, in the case of the urban diabetics the mean awareness was 18 (SD± 2) correct answers. The survey was conducted on randomly chosen diabetics belonging to Lahore and Faisalabad, (urban areas), as well as Habibabad, Haveli Koranga and Baba Kanwal (rural areas). The results emphasize the interrelation between demography and awareness of diabetes mellitus. The rural diabetics are far less knowledgeable about diabetes mellitus, its management and its complications. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve the awareness level of diabetes mellitus in rural areas. Doing so will give rise to a healthier workforce and a lessened economic burden on Pakistan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document