scholarly journals B Vitamins and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Reay ◽  
M. A. Smith ◽  
L. M. Riby
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Vitamin Therapy ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
The Impact

A copious amount of scientific scrutiny has been dedicated to documenting typical and atypical human ageing, with a substantial body of work focusing upon the impact of lifestyle choices. One such lifestyle choice is that of diet and, in particular, micronutrient ingestion. Epidemiological studies have reported positive associations between B vitamin status and cognitive function, including negative associations between biological markers (i.e., homocysteine) of dysregulated one-carbon metabolism and cognitive function. This has led to a surge of randomised control trials (RCTs) investigations into B vitamin therapy. However, results have continuingly failed to show beneficial behavioural effects. Despite this, results reliably show treatment-related increases in B vitamin level and decreases in homocysteine level—both of which have been identified as risk factors for atypical ageing. In this paper we argue that it would be premature to conclude that B vitamin therapy has no potential and that more research is needed to systematically investigate the optimal dose, the therapeutic “window,” and individual differences in therapy responders and nonresponders. We start with a brief look at one-carbon metabolism and then consider the evidence from epidemiological studies and RCTs in relation to three specific B vitamins: folic acid (B9), pyridoxine (B6), and cobamides (B12).

The role of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine in Parkinson’s disease onset, pathology and mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren K. Murray ◽  
Nafisa M. Jadavji
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterised by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The cause of degeneration is not well understood; however, both genetics and environmental factors, such as nutrition, have been implicated in the disease process. Deficiencies in one-carbon metabolism in particular have been associated with increased risk for PD onset and progression, though the precise relationship is unclear. The aim of the present review is to determine the role of one-carbon metabolism and elevated levels of homocysteine in PD onset and pathology and to identify potential mechanisms involved. A search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science was undertaken to identify relevant human and animal studies. Case–control, prospective cohort studies, meta-analyses and non-randomised trials were included in the present review. The results from human studies indicate that polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism may increase risk for PD development. There is an unclear role for dietary B-vitamin intake on PD onset and progression. However, dietary supplementation with B-vitamins may be beneficial for PD-affected individuals, particularly those on l-DOPA (levodopa or l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) treatment. Additionally, one-carbon metabolism generates methyl groups, and methylation capacity in PD-affected individuals is reduced. This reduced capacity has an impact on expression of disease-specific genes that may be involved in PD progression. During B-vitamin deficiency, animal studies report increased vulnerability of DA cells through increased oxidative stress and altered methylation. Nutrition, especially folates and related B-vitamins, may contribute to the onset and progression of PD by making the brain more vulnerable to damage; however, further investigation is required.

Maternal intake of one-carbon metabolism-related B vitamins and anorectal malformations in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-873
Author(s):  
Takehiro Michikawa ◽  
Hiroshi Nitta ◽  
Makiko Sekiyama ◽  
Tatsuo Kuroda ◽  
Shoji F. Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractThe occurrence of anorectal malformations (ARM) is thought to be reduced with sufficient folate intake. However, there is no apparent evidence. We focused on enzyme cofactors for one-carbon metabolism, including folate (vitamin B9), vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, and explored the association between maternal combined intake of these B vitamins and the risk of ARM. Using baseline data from a Japanese nationwide birth cohort study between 2011 and 2014, we analysed data of 89 235 women (mean age at delivery = 31·2 years) who delivered singleton live births without chromosomal anomalies. Information on dietary intake was obtained via a FFQ focused on early pregnancy and used to estimate B vitamin intake. We also collected information on the frequency of folic acid supplement use. ARM occurrence was ascertained from medical records. We identified forty-three cases of ARM diagnosed up to the first month after birth (4·8 per 10 000 live births). In terms of individual intake of the respective B vitamins, high vitamin B6 intake was non-significantly associated with reduced odds of ARM. Compared with women in the low combined B vitamin intake group, the OR of having an infant with ARM was 0·4 (95 % CI 0·2, 1·0) in the high intake group (folate ≥400 μg/d, and upper half of vitamin B6 and/or vitamin B12). In conclusion, our cohort analysis suggested an inverse association between the combined intake of one-carbon metabolism-related B vitamins in early pregnancy and ARM occurrence.

Genetic Variation: Impact on Folate (and Choline) Bioefficacy

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (45) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson A. West ◽  
Marie A. Caudill
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Folate and choline are water-soluble micronutrients that serve as methyl donors in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Inadequacy of these nutrients can disturb one-carbon metabolism as evidenced by alterations in circulating folate and/or plasma homocysteine. Among common genetic variants that reside in genes regulating folate absorptive and metabolic processes, homozygosity for the MTHFR 677C > T variant has consistently been shown to have robust effects on status markers. This paper will review the impact of genetic variants in folate-metabolizing genes on folate and choline bioefficacy. Nutrient-gene and gene-gene interactions will be considered along with the need to account for these genetic variants when updating dietary folate and choline recommendations.

scholarly journals Effect of a Tailored Dietary Intervention with High or Standard Protein Intake on B-Vitamin and One Carbon Metabolism Status in Healthy Older Males: A 10 Week Randomised Controlled Trial

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Nicola Gillies ◽  
Amber M. Milan ◽  
Pankaja Sharma ◽  
Brenan Durainayagam ◽  
Sarah M. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Standard Protein ◽  
Older Males

Background: Maintaining optimal status of folate and metabolically [...]

scholarly journals Supplemental one‐carbon metabolism related B vitamins and lung cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Brasky ◽  
Roberta M. Ray ◽  
Sandi L. Navarro ◽  
Jeannette M. Schenk ◽  
Alison M. Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Women's Health Initiative ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

scholarly journals B-Vitamin Intake, One-Carbon Metabolism, and Survival in a Population-Based Study of Women with Breast Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2109-2116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinran Xu ◽  
Marilie D. Gammon ◽  
James G. Wetmur ◽  
Patrick T. Bradshaw ◽  
Susan L. Teitelbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
B Vitamin

Abstract WP445: Age Differences in the Impact of Sleep Apnea on Cognition and Quality of Life

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J Addison-Brown ◽  
Abraham J Letter ◽  
Henry K Yaggi ◽  
Leslie A McClure ◽  
Frederick W Unverzagt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Using a subsample from the national REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, we examined the associations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with cognition and quality of life and whether these associations vary with age while controlling for other demographic factors and comorbid medical conditions. Methods: Stroke-free participants with complete data on OSA risk, cognition, and quality of life as of October 2010 were included (N =2,925; ages 47-93, 43% men, 35% black, 65% white). OSA risk was defined as high or low based on responses to the Berlin Sleep Questionnaire (BSQ). Cognitive function was assessed with three validated fluency and recall measures; quality of life was assessed with the 4-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CESD-4) scale and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12 (SF-12). MANCOVA statistics were applied to the cognitive and quality of life outcomes separately while accounting for potential confounders (age, sex, race, education, diabetes and dyslipidemia). Body mass index and hypertension were taken into account as part of the BSQ definition of OSA risk. Results: In fully adjusted models, those at high risk for OSA had significantly lower cognitive scores (p < .05) and lower quality of life (depressive symptoms and SF-12) (p < .0001) than those at low risk. Some of the associations were age-dependent, such that younger participants with high OSA risk had worse cognitive and quality of life scores than both younger participants with low OSA risk and older participants with high OSA risk. Discussion: Lower cognitive function and lower quality of life in those at high risk for sleep apnea remained after accounting for potentially confounding factors in a population-based sample. These relationships were more pronounced during middle age, with attenuated effects after age 70. It may be of particular importance to detect and treat OSA in younger adults.

EFFECTS OF RICE WINE LEES ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING PHYSICALLY ACTIVE OLDER ADULTS: A PILOT RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
N. Nagai ◽  
N. Shindo ◽  
A. Wada ◽  
H. Izu ◽  
T. Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Rice Wine ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism

Background: Rice wine lees (RWL), a Japanese traditional fermented product, is a rich source of one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients, which may have beneficial effects on cognitive function. Objectives: We aimed to examine the effect of the RWL on cognitive function in community-dwelling physically active older adults. Design: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study (clinical trial number: UMIN 000027158). Setting: Community-based intervention including assessments conducted at the University of Hyogo and a public liberal arts school in Himeji City, Japan. Participants: A total of 35 community-dwelling older adults (68–80 years) who performed mild exercise before and during the trial were assigned to either the RWL (n=17) or the placebo group (n=18). Intervention: Daily consumption of 50 g RWL powder, which contained one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients, or the placebo powder (made from soy protein and dextrin) for 12 weeks. Both supplements included equivalent amounts of energy and protein. Measurements: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, computerized cognitive function test, and measurements of serum predictive biomarkers (transthyretin, apolipoprotein A1, and complement C3) were conducted at baseline and follow-up. Results: Visual selective attention and serum transthyretin significantly improved in the RWL group, whereas there was no significant change in the placebo group. No significant group difference was observed in the remaining cognitive performance tests. Conclusions: RWL supplements seem to have a few effects on cognitive function in community-dwelling physically active older adults. However, the impact was limited; therefore, further studies with sufficient sample size are warranted to elucidate this issue.

scholarly journals Allosteric inhibition of MTHFR prevents futile SAM cycling and maintains nucleotide pools in one-carbon metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (47) ◽  
pp. 16037-16057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muskan Bhatia ◽  
Jyotika Thakur ◽  
Shradha Suyal ◽  
Ruchika Oniel ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Transsulfuration Pathway ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) links the folate cycle to the methionine cycle in one-carbon metabolism. The enzyme is known to be allosterically inhibited by SAM for decades, but the importance of this regulatory control to one-carbon metabolism has never been adequately understood. To shed light on this issue, we exchanged selected amino acid residues in a highly conserved stretch within the regulatory region of yeast MTHFR to create a series of feedback-insensitive, deregulated mutants. These were exploited to investigate the impact of defective allosteric regulation on one-carbon metabolism. We observed a strong growth defect in the presence of methionine. Biochemical and metabolite analysis revealed that both the folate and methionine cycles were affected in these mutants, as was the transsulfuration pathway, leading also to a disruption in redox homeostasis. The major consequences, however, appeared to be in the depletion of nucleotides. 13C isotope labeling and metabolic studies revealed that the deregulated MTHFR cells undergo continuous transmethylation of homocysteine by methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3THF) to form methionine. This reaction also drives SAM formation and further depletes ATP reserves. SAM was then cycled back to methionine, leading to futile cycles of SAM synthesis and recycling and explaining the necessity for MTHFR to be regulated by SAM. The study has yielded valuable new insights into the regulation of one-carbon metabolism, and the mutants appear as powerful new tools to further dissect out the intersection of one-carbon metabolism with various pathways both in yeasts and in humans.

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