Sex and Sexuality in African Colonial Encounter

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saheed Aderinto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Sex And Sexuality ◽  
Colonial Encounter

This introductory chapter presents three overarching arguments that form the centerpiece of the ideas engaged in this book. First, sexuality as a component of human behavior cannot be understood in isolation from wider historical processes. Indeed, sexuality was one of the intricate sites through which several core ideas of colonial practices and thinking about modernity were configured and reconfigured. Second, the age of females who practiced prostitution played a significant role in molding the perception and institutional attention toward sex work, exemplifying the constructed difference between child and adult sexualities. Third, the intersection between sexuality and nationalism in Africa is far more complex than the present literature reveals. In Nigeria, sexualized nationalism was an aspect of the moral, cultural, economic, and political nationalisms championed by both men and women who felt that certain expressions of sexuality threatened nation-building.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tuong Vu ◽  
Sean Fear
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Projects

This introductory chapter briefly explores the extent of Vietnam War scholarship from a South Vietnamese perspective. The vast majority of academic works devoted to the Vietnam War have been centered on American decisions and experiences. A series of recent studies has begun reversing this trend, but they have been limited to certain periods or particular state projects. Few works address how local actors interpreted and shaped events, either in tandem or at cross-purposes with the Americans. And fewer still have explored the role of civil society and the population at large in South Vietnam. Nonetheless, the chapter reveals that there was much more to the Republic of Vietnam (RVN) than its involvement in a war. Central to its story were the collective efforts of many men and women dedicated to nation building. As such, the chapter also explores the challenges of nation building in the RVN.

Religion, Race, and Sexuality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica L. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
The North ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Race And Sexuality ◽  
Sex And Sexuality ◽  
American Experiment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Private Matter

The history of sexuality is a growing area of interest for scholars of religion and race in the North American context. That which is often regarded as a private matter—sex and sexuality—is in fact shaped by larger cultural, economic, political, and religious forces. To study the intersections of sexuality and race in American religious history, then, is to examine the role of belief, as well as formal religious institutions and their spokespeople, in circulating ideas about bodies, sex, marriage, family, morality, and immorality. If religious variety has been one way that scholars have understood the American experiment from the earliest colonial encounters to the present day, this chapter considers moments when sex and sexuality, and the religious thinking that passes judgments on sexual practices, has served to define or highlight racial difference in American history.

scholarly journals Administration of the Indigenous Entrepreneurship Model on a Sample of Young Entrepreneurs

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Shahid Qureshi ◽  
Abdullah Mustafa ◽  
Misbah Amin
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Family Orientation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sample Case ◽  
Young Entrepreneurs

This research applies the indigenous entrepreneurship model developed at the center for entrepreneurial development at IBA Karachi. This model is based on the pre-effectuation principles and effectuation theory of entrepreneurship. The model is different from the existing utilitarian models. The model signifies the importance of nation-building and family orientation to pursue an entrepreneurial journey. The efficacy of the model has been tested on a sample of 500 young participants (men and women) during the Entrepreneurship Programs. Effectuation and Pre-effectuation have been tested on a sample of 500 participants (including both men and women), and Nation-building and Family orientation is tested amongst the sample of women only. The paper reveals the impact of entrepreneurial mindset training and coaching in Karachi and Faisalabad. For the efficacy of the indigenous entrepreneurship model, the research paper presents the sample case studies.

scholarly journals Romanticizing the Land: Agriculturally Imagined Communities in Palestine-Israel

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-37
Author(s):  
Jennifer Shutek
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Popular Front ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Propaganda Posters

This paper argues that images, and specifically agricultural images, play a significant role in the imaginings of the Israeli and Palestinian communities. Agriculture has symbolic and material value among Palestinians and Israelis, and contributes to identities and land claims made by Zionist and Palestinian organizations. Anderson’s discussion of nation building emphasizes the primacy of print in the imagination of a community; this paper highlights non-textual elements of nation building via case studies of the creation and dissemination of propaganda posters by the Jewish National Fund and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. A survey of propagandistic agricultural images reveals the shared symbols used by Palestinians and Israelis in forging identities and exclusive claims to land. Despite being common symbols from a shared past, agricultural images are crucial in creating and perpetuating a divide between Israelis and Palestinians, and in arguing for organic links between each group and the land of Palestine-Israel.

10. Women and Poverty: The Feminization of Urban Poverty in Canada

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura G. Ritenburg
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Feminization Of Poverty ◽  
Almost All

Poverty is disproportionately experienced among men and women. Gender plays a significant role when examining the effects and problems that poverty poses. While poverty can be experienced in differing extremes, it is women who suffer higher poverty rates in almost all societies (Christopher et al.). It is people with disabilities, recent immigrants, and racialized men and women who face additional disadvantages and “all of these groups have extremely high rates of low income and, in all of them, women are the most vulnerable” (Townson). In this paper I discuss how the ‘feminization of poverty’ has created a situation where the number of women in poverty far outnumbers that of men, and how the discourse of feminized poverty is directly affected by the processes and structures of social exclusion. I argue that gender significantly influences the experience and response to urban poverty in Canada through unequal caregiving responsibilities, the dynamics that surround pay inequality, and inadequate government programs.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
George E. Demacopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Mature Form ◽  
Fourth Crusade ◽  
Cultural Alienation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Encounter

This introductory chapter begins with a brief history of the Fourth Crusade. When Pope Innocent III ascended Peter's throne in 1198, he almost immediately began planning for what was supposed to be the largest crusade to date. What is important to the present study is the fact that the crusaders transformed the very structure of Byzantine society by seizing control of both church and state and by often imposing a Western feudal structure throughout the Balkans that would serve as a beachhead for further Frankish and papal aspirations in the Christian East. By framing the events of the Fourth Crusade as a kind of colonial encounter, this book draws from some of the basic insights of postcolonial critique to look in new ways at the discourse of Orthodox/Roman Catholic difference that took its mature form in the thirteenth century. As such, one of the most important conclusions of this study is that the development of the most vitriolic statements of Orthodox/Catholic religious polemic in the Middle Ages were based in political and cultural alienation, not theological development.

Part I Introduction, 1 Status of the Global Islamic Finance Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warde Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Global Finance ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
Political Economic

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Islamic finance. Modern Islamic finance did not come out of nowhere. It appeared as the result of specific historical circumstances in the 1970s, and later evolved through a complex process of trial-and-error. It was also shaped by broader competitive and political–economic factors. Although religion was by definition central to Islamic finance, other variables—political, economic, social, cultural, and demographic—also played a significant role. No longer confined to the outer fringes of global finance, Islamic finance has also gone mainstream. Most major financial institutions are now involved in one way or another in Islamic finance, as are global consulting, accounting, and information companies. Within the Islamic world, Islamic financial institutions have become major economic players.

Amdo, Empire, and the United Front

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Benno Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
State Building ◽  
Political Community ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Epistemological Obstacles ◽  
United Front

This introductory chapter explains that the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) goal in 1950s Amdo was not just state building but also nation building, which required the construction of narratives and policies capable of convincing Amdo Tibetans of their membership in a wider political community. It argues that Communist Party leaders implicitly understood both the administrative and epistemological obstacles to transforming an expansive, variegated, and vertically organized imperial formation into an integrated, socialist, multinational state. Moreover, the ideological underpinnings of the CCP demanded the active participation of individuals and communities in this new sociopolitical order, albeit in heavily scripted ways and as part of a distinct hierarchy of power. The CCP therefore adopted and adapted imperial strategies of rule, often collectively referred to as the United Front, as means to “gradually,” “voluntarily,” and “organically” bridge the gap between empire and nation. As demonstrated, however, the United Front ultimately lost out to a revolutionary impatience that demanded more immediate paths to national integration and socialist transformation. This led in 1958 to communization, large-scale rebellion, and its brutal pacification. Rather than a voluntary union, Amdo was integrated through the widespread and often indiscriminate use of violence, a violence that lingers in the living memory of Amdo Tibetans and many others.

A General Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Michael B. A. Oldstone
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
African Slave ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Bird Flu ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

This introductory chapter provides an overview of how viruses have caused geographic, economic, and religious changes. Smallpox alone, in the twentieth century, killed an estimated 300 million individuals, about threefold as many persons as all the wars of that century. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, smallpox killed emperors of Japan and Burma as well as kings and queens of Europe, thereby unseating dynasties, altering control of countries, and disrupting alliances. In addition to propelling the establishment of Christianity in Mexico and Latin America, viruses played a role in enlarging the African slave trade throughout the Americas. In contrast to viruses such as smallpox and measles which are now harnessed by the innovations of healthcare, new viral plagues of fearful proportions have appeared. These include HIV/AIDS, sudden acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola, Zika, and bird flu. This book looks at the history of viruses and virology, which is also the history of the men and women who have worked to combat these diseases.

“The Ashes of our Ancestors”: Creating Argentina's Indigenous Heritage in the Museo Etnográfico, 1904–1930

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (04) ◽  
pp. 467-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyne Ryan Larson
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Inaugural Speech ◽  
The People ◽  
Ricardo Rojas ◽  
Public Museum ◽  
Indigenous Heritage

On September 28, 1927, the central atrium of the Museo Etnográfico on Buenos Aires's Calle Moreno was crowded with people. More than 100 men and women were in attendance, from Universidad de Buenos Aires rector Ricardo Rojas to Argentine president Marcelo T. de Alvear, wrapped in heavy jackets against the spring chill to participate in the inauguration of the museum's new building. Previously housed in “the gloomy catacombs” of an administrative basement, the Museo Etnográfico had now relocated to an airy, Baroque-style building two blocks south of the city's central Plaza de Mayo. In his inaugural speech on that chilly September morning, museum director Salvador Debenedetti proclaimed that the Museo Etnográfico, until then a predominandy academic museum, was undergoing a powerful transformation: it was becoming a public museum. Debenedetti proclaimed that the museum's new incarnation would be a place “of tranquility and of meditation, which will move the spirit of the people and lead them from epoch to epoch, from region to region, from culture to culture.” He described the museum's public visitors, or “the people,” as active participants in the institution's openly nation-building agenda, and celebrated their participation as a “patriotic conjunction, inspired by die desire for scientific progress, the love of truth, [and] the desire to know better and penetrate in its essence the thought of our native ancestors in the land of América.”

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