Manhood on the Line

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Line P ◽  
Masculine Culture ◽  
Twentieth Century America

This book charts the complex vagaries of men reinventing manhood in twentieth-century America. Their ideas of masculinity destroyed by principles of mass production, workers created a white-dominated culture that defended its turf against other racial groups and revived a crude, hypersexualized treatment of women that went far beyond the shop floor. At the same time, they recast unionization battles as manly struggles against a system killing their very selves. Drawing on a wealth of archival material, the book recreates a social milieu in detail—the mean labor and stolen pleasures, the battles on the street and in the soul, and a masculinity that not only expressed itself in violence and sexism but also as a wellspring of the fortitude necessary to maintain one's dignity while doing hard work in a hard world. The book examines the evolution of working-class manhood. It shows how working-class masculine identity had many roots. The relations of social class, gender, race, and ethnicity influenced and shaped male attitudes, values, and behaviors. The book states that the workplace was central to the forming, nurturing, widening, and deepening of this masculine culture.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Masculine Culture ◽  
Male Attitudes

This introductory chapter briefly examines the roots and evolution of working-class manhood. It shows how working-class masculine identity had many roots. The relations of social class, gender, race, and ethnicity influenced and shaped male attitudes, values, and behaviors. Most important, boys becoming men, young men, and adult men fashioned and refashioned their manliness in a variety of all-male settings—such as the workplace. The workplace was central to the forming, nurturing, widening, and deepening of this masculine culture. Generally, this working-class masculine culture has surfaced in two distinct forms—a respectable culture and a rough one. Though analytically quite discrete, these two contradictory forms might result from either personal disposition or social position. Yet they sometimes coexisted with, overlapped with, or blended into each other.

scholarly journals Understanding the Drivers of Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Florida, USA Using a Machine Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Guimin Zhu ◽  
Kathleen Stewart ◽  
Deb Niemeier ◽  
Junchuan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Random Forest Regression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Case Data ◽  
Staying At Home ◽  
Very High

As of March 2021, the State of Florida, U.S.A. had accounted for approximately 6.67% of total COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease) cases in the U.S. The main objective of this research is to analyze mobility patterns during a three month period in summer 2020, when COVID-19 case numbers were very high for three Florida counties, Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties. To investigate patterns, as well as drivers, related to changes in mobility across the tri-county region, a random forest regression model was built using sociodemographic, travel, and built environment factors, as well as COVID-19 positive case data. Mobility patterns declined in each county when new COVID-19 infections began to rise, beginning in mid-June 2020. While the mean number of bar and restaurant visits was lower overall due to closures, analysis showed that these visits remained a top factor that impacted mobility for all three counties, even with a rise in cases. Our modeling results suggest that there were mobility pattern differences between counties with respect to factors relating, for example, to race and ethnicity (different population groups factored differently in each county), as well as social distancing or travel-related factors (e.g., staying at home behaviors) over the two time periods prior to and after the spike of COVID-19 cases.

Relationship between mean follow-up intraocular pressure, rates of visual field progression and current target intraocular pressure guidelines

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317406
Author(s):  
Bruna Melchior ◽  
Carlos Gustavo De Moraes ◽  
Jayter S Paula ◽  
George A Cioffi ◽  
Christopher A Girkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Current Guideline ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Mean

AimsTo investigate if eyes presenting intraocular pressure (IOP) within the limits of current guideline-driven target IOP indeed experience slow rates of glaucomatous visual field (VF) progression.MethodsA total of 8598 24-2 VF tests from 603 eyes from the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study with manifest glaucoma were included. The sample was split into three groups based on baseline VF mean deviation (MD): G1 (better than −5.0 dB), G2 (−5.0 to −10 dB) and G3 (worse than −10 dB). We investigated the relationship between existing target IOP guidelines and rates of MD progression in these groups.ResultsFor stable eyes, the medians and IQR of the mean follow-up IOP were G1=15.0 mmHg (IQR: 13.1 to 17.7), G2=13.2 mmHg (IQR: 11.6 to 14.3) and G3=11.9 mmHg (IQR: 10.1 to 13.8) (p<0.01). When considering the mean follow-up IOP within the limits proposed by current guidelines, the median MD slopes were: −0.20 dB/y (IQR: −0.43 to −0.02) for G1<21 mmHg, −0.19 dB/y (IQR: −0.51 to −0.01) for G2<18 mmHg and −0.15 dB/y (IQR: −0.47 to 0.05) for G3<15 mmHg (p=0.63). There were no significant differences between racial groups.ConclusionIn a sample of patients with manifest glaucoma, despite substantial variability between eyes, adherence to treatment guidelines helped slow the rates of global VF progression at various stages of disease.Trial registration numberclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00221923.

scholarly journals Les Midinettes Révolutionnaires

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Fee
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Film Culture ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
French Film ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fan Letters

In their quest for official and cultural recognition, French First Wave critics such as Louis Delluc discursively positioned the working-class female cinemagoer as emblematic of the sorry state of unsophisticated French film audiences. From this discourse came the stereotype of the starry-eyed midinette, which is still used by French film critics to describe lowbrow film taste and an overly emotional mode of spectatorship. This essay attempts to reconstruct the social practice of cinemagoing among the midinettes of 1920s working-class Paris by focusing on the female fans of the serial Les deux gamines (1921). Both a critique of intellectual cinephilia as a cultural discourse and a geographically specific retrieval of the multiple ways in which socioeconomically and culturally marginalized audiences interacted with the cinema, this historical study repositions young women from working-class neighborhoods as key actors in film culture—fans, but also social activists. Through a study of disparate, unpublished archival material, including fan letters, film programs, and announcements in the leftist press, this essay attends to the social realities of a number of female film fans in Montmartre and grounds their spectatorship spatially within their local communities.

Abstract P423: Race and Ethnicity Influence Perihematomal Edema Volume in Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian N Acosta ◽  
Yasheng Chen ◽  
Cameron Both ◽  
Audrey C Leasure ◽  
Fernando Testai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Perihematomal Edema ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Introduction: Perihematomal Edema (PHE) is a neuroimaging biomarker of secondary brain injury in patients with spontaneous, non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). There are limited data on racial/ethnic differences in the development of PHE. This dearth of data is partially driven by the time-consuming process of manually segmenting PHE. Leveraging a validated automated pipeline for PHE segmentation, we evaluated whether race and ethnicity influence baseline PHE volume in patients with ICH. Methods: The Ethnic/Racial Variations in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) study is a prospective, multicenter study of ICH that recruited 1,000 adult participants from each of three racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic). We applied a previously validated deep learning algorithm to automatically determine PHE volumes on baseline CTs in these study participants. Quality control procedures were used to include only sufficiently accurate PHE measurements. Linear regression was used to identify factors associated with log-transformed PHE volume and to identify differences across Ethnic/Racial groups. Results: Our imaging pipeline provided good quality baseline PHE measurements on 2,008 out of 3,000 ERICH study participants. After excluding infratentorial hemorrhages (273) and those with missing or null baseline ICH volume (49), 1,686 remained for analysis (median age 59 [IQR 51-71], 687 [41%] female sex). Median PHE volume was 12.0 (IQR 4.8-27.1) for whites, 11.9 (IQR 4.5-26.1) for Hispanics and 8.3 (IQR 3.0-19.2) for blacks. Compared to Blacks, Hispanics (beta 0.22; 95%CI 0.11-0.32; p<0.001) and Whites (beta 0.20; 95%CI 0.07-0.33; p=0.003) had higher baseline PHE volumes, in multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, ICH location, log-baseline ICH volume, log-baseline intraventricular volume, and systolic blood pressure on admission. Conclusion: Race and ethnicity influence the volume of baseline PHE. Further studies are needed to validate our results and investigate the biological underpinnings of this difference.

Speaking to the ‘Hard Men’: Masculinities, Violence and Youth Gangs in Glasgow, c. 1965–75

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Bartie ◽  
Alistair Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Youth Gangs ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
Popular Representations ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
The City

This chapter unites perspectives from history and sociology in excavating the lived experiences of everyday masculinities and violence that lie behind the persistent image of the Glasgow ‘hard man’, while also interrogating popular representations of the ‘hard city’. Drawing on oral history interviews with individuals involved in violent territorialism – specifically through street-based ‘gangs’ of young men – c. 1965-1975, it contrasts popular representations of the Glasgow ‘hard man’ with the lived experiences of those living and working in the city at that time. Focusing specifically on Easterhouse, it highlights the prominence of ‘the street’ in narrative accounts of masculine identity formation for young working-class men and links this to the specific social, cultural and economic composition of the locale. Overall, it argues that such ‘street’ masculinities should be understood in historical context, recognising the influence of local cultures of machismo on the persistence of forms of masculine identity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of optic canal anatomy and symmetry using CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Yueh Lee ◽  
Daniel Olson ◽  
David Fleischman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Optic Canal ◽  
Difference Threshold ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveWe aim to describe the anatomy and symmetry patterns of the optic canal in patients having undergone maxillofacial CT imaging.MethodsIn this retrospective chart review, we included all patients who received sinus and maxillofacial CT at the University of North Carolina hospitals between 2008 and 2016, without facial or cranial fractures or other medical conditions that would affect optic canal size. We measured the length of ≥75% enclosed canal, minimum cross-sectional area and minimum diameter bilaterally using iNtuition TeraRecon (Durham, North Carolina) and compared bilateral symmetry using a 20 % difference threshold. Each parameter above was compared among white, black, non-white and non-black patients.ResultsOf 335 patients, the mean canal length was 5.61±2.22 mm. The mean minimum area was 11.84±3.11 mm2. The mean minimum diameter was 3.28±0.55 mm. A total of 39.4% (132/335) of patients had asymmetric canal lengths, 18.8% (63/335) had asymmetric minimum areas, and 12.5% (42/335) had asymmetric minimum diameters. No differences were found between racial groups. The right optic canal was larger than the left (right: 12.12 mm vs left: 11.55 mm, p<0.0001).ConclusionOptic canal asymmetry is not uncommon. It may affect risk of papilloedema severity, explain cases of unilateral or asymmetric papilloedema and possibly asymmetric glaucoma.

Corporal Punishment and Child Aggression: Ethnic-Level Family Cohesion as a Moderator

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2687-2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoona Lee ◽  
Malcolm W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Child Aggression ◽  
The Mean

Ethnicity has been examined as a putative moderator between parents’ use of corporal punishment and children’s externalizing behaviors. Yet, the reasons for this potential ethnic-level moderator have not been fully examined. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether the effect of corporal punishment on aggression is ethnic-specific using major racial groups inside and outside the U.S. samples and how the mean levels of cohesion in family relationships as found in different ethnic groups moderate the association between mothers’ use of corporal punishment and children’s aggression. A total of 729 mothers who had children aged 7 to 13 years were sampled from five ethnic groups (i.e., European American, African American, Hispanic American, Korean, and Chinese). Several hypotheses were tested to examine the moderating effect of ethnic-level, family cohesion on the relation of corporal punishment to children’s aggression. As expected, the mean level of family cohesion was significantly different across ethnicities. Consistent results across parallel multilevel and fixed effect models showed that high corporal punishment was associated with more aggression in all ethnicities, but there was a significant variation in the association across ethnicities, and the variation was explained by ethnic-level family cohesion. There were weaker associations between corporal punishment and child aggression among ethnic groups with high family cohesion and stronger associations among ethnic groups with low family cohesion. Ethnic/cultural variation in this study emphasizes the importance of understanding family environment of diverse ethnic groups when evaluating the influence of corporal punishment on child behavior in different ethnic/cultural contexts.

Credibility and Incredulity in Milgram’s Obedience Experiments: A Reanalysis of an Unpublished Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
Gina Perry ◽  
Augustine Brannigan ◽  
Richard A. Wanner ◽  
Henderikus Stam
Keyword(s):  
Shock Level ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Behavioral Consequences ◽  
Unpublished Study ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyzes variations in subject perceptions of pain in Milgram’s obedience experiments and their behavioral consequences. Based on an unpublished study by Milgram’s assistant, Taketo Murata, we report the relationship between the subjects’ belief that the learner was actually receiving painful electric shocks and their choice of shock level. This archival material indicates that in 18 of 23 variations of the experiment, the mean levels of shock for those who fully believed that they were inflicting pain were lower than for subjects who did not fully believe they were inflicting pain. These data suggest that the perception of pain inflated subject defiance and that subject skepticism inflated their obedience. This analysis revises our perception of the classical interpretation of the experiment and its putative relevance to the explanation of state atrocities, such as the Holocaust. It also raises the issue of dramaturgical credibility in experiments based on deception. The findings are discussed in the context of methodological questions about the reliability of Milgram’s questionnaire data and their broader theoretical relevance.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bussel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Ballot Initiatives ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Decisions

This book examines Teamsters Local 688's community stewards program, a nationally acclaimed initiative launched by Harold Gibbons and Ernest Calloway in St. Louis to advance their advocacy of working-class citizenship and total person unionism. Through the community stewards program, Gibbons and Calloway sought to develop new kinds of unionists whose workplace and civic lives were seamlessly integrated. In addressing the needs of the worker as a “total person,” the two men looked beyond the shop floor and attempted to influence political decisions “affect[ing] the common economic, social, and civic well-being” of the union member. Local 688's community stewards mounted a series of highly visible campaigns to improve the quality of life in St. Louis. These efforts included ballot initiatives, legal action, and direct worker engagement with city officials. This book explores how Gibbons and Calloway, despite their quite different personalities, forged a dynamic political alliance as they sought to claim the identity of “citizen” for themselves and the workers they represented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document