scholarly journals Evaluation of optic canal anatomy and symmetry using CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Yueh Lee ◽  
Daniel Olson ◽  
David Fleischman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Optic Canal ◽  
Difference Threshold ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveWe aim to describe the anatomy and symmetry patterns of the optic canal in patients having undergone maxillofacial CT imaging.MethodsIn this retrospective chart review, we included all patients who received sinus and maxillofacial CT at the University of North Carolina hospitals between 2008 and 2016, without facial or cranial fractures or other medical conditions that would affect optic canal size. We measured the length of ≥75% enclosed canal, minimum cross-sectional area and minimum diameter bilaterally using iNtuition TeraRecon (Durham, North Carolina) and compared bilateral symmetry using a 20 % difference threshold. Each parameter above was compared among white, black, non-white and non-black patients.ResultsOf 335 patients, the mean canal length was 5.61±2.22 mm. The mean minimum area was 11.84±3.11 mm2. The mean minimum diameter was 3.28±0.55 mm. A total of 39.4% (132/335) of patients had asymmetric canal lengths, 18.8% (63/335) had asymmetric minimum areas, and 12.5% (42/335) had asymmetric minimum diameters. No differences were found between racial groups. The right optic canal was larger than the left (right: 12.12 mm vs left: 11.55 mm, p<0.0001).ConclusionOptic canal asymmetry is not uncommon. It may affect risk of papilloedema severity, explain cases of unilateral or asymmetric papilloedema and possibly asymmetric glaucoma.

scholarly journals The Role of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Congenital CMV-Related Hearing: A Case-Control Study

OTO Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 2473974X1984185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary McCrary ◽  
Veronica del Calvo ◽  
Jeremy Purser ◽  
Geoff Casazza ◽  
Albert Park
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Antioxidant Therapy ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Control Study

Objective Antioxidants have been used as a therapeutic measure for several causes of hearing loss, and this study aims to examine the use of antioxidants in children with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV)–related hearing loss. Study Design Case-control study. Setting Academic pediatric hospital. Subjects and Methods A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with cCMV-related hearing loss treated with and without antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E and magnesium, known as ACE-Mg) was completed. The primary end point was the mean change in hearing thresholds for the right and left ears after therapy. An evaluation of the mean change in thresholds was evaluated at the following frequencies: 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 4000 Hz. A 2-sample t test and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate the data. Results A total of 78 children with cCMV-related hearing loss were included in the study, of whom 10 were treated with antioxidants. The average amount of time in which antioxidants were taken was 387 days. When comparing cases and controls, there was no differences in the mean change of hearing thresholds at each frequency for both the right and left ears ( P > .05). Length of antioxidant therapy and age at which therapy was initiated had no effect on hearing scores ( P > .05). Conclusions Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of cCMV-related hearing loss. ACE-Mg is a safe adjuvant therapy for the treatment of hearing loss in children; however, this study demonstrates no hearing-related benefit from ACE-Mg antioxidant therapy.

scholarly journals Histomorphometric Study of the Glomeruli of the Kidney in Bangladeshi Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Sunjida Shahriah ◽  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Left Kidney ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Histomorphometric Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
The Right

Background: Controversies still prevail on glomerular changes of kidney whether due to normal aging or its association with diseases Objective: The aim of the present study was to see the variation in number and size of the glomeruli of kidney with increasing age in a Bangladeshi population based on autopsy. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on collection of 140 post mortem human kidneys collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies from the morgue. All the samples were divided into three age-groups: 10-19 years, 20-39 years and 40-59 years. Histological slides were prepared by using routine Harris’ Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stain. The number of glomeruli was measured by point counting technique, while the size (diameter) was measured by using ocular and stage micrometer. Results: The mean ± SE number of glomeruli per sq. mm found in the right and left kidney were 8.45±0.52 and 8.67±0.80 in group 10-19 years, 9.90±0.42 and 9.92±0.47 in 20-39 years, and 8.52±0.18 and 8.55±0.16 in 40-59 years respectively. Besides, the size (mean ± SE diameter) of glomeruli was found in the right and left kidney were 43.96±3.01ìm and 143.92±2.90ìm in group 10-19 years, 153.69±5.18ìm and 153.61±5.24ìm in 20-39 years, and 140.48±0.95ìm and 140.78±0.88ìm in 40-59 years respectively. Conclusion: No difference was found in number and size of glomeruli between right and left kidney in any group. Similarly, no difference was also evident among different age groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v9i1.22788 Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2014, June; 9(1): 11-16

Strength of Braided Polyblend Polyethylene Sutures versus Braided Polyester Sutures in Achilles Tendon Repair

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith D. Cook ◽  
Greg Clark ◽  
Eric Lui ◽  
Gaurav Vajaria ◽  
George F. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Suture Material ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Suture Technique ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background: Various techniques may be used to repair Achilles tendon ruptures; however, we contend that using the strongest suture with the least amount of suture material is ideal. Methods: To compare the strength of 2-0 FiberLoop (Arthrex Inc, Naples, Florida) and #2 Ethibond (Ethicon Inc, Somerville, New Jersey) suture materials in Achilles tendon repairs, 12 Achilles tendons were harvested from cadavers aged 18 to 62 years (median age, 42 years). The tendons were transected and repaired using a modified Krackow suture technique. All of the right limbs were repaired with 2-0 FiberLoop, and the contralateral side was repaired with #2 Ethibond. The specimens were mounted to a materials testing system, and the repairs were pulled to failure in an anatomical direction. Results: The mean ± SD yield loads of 2-0 FiberLoop and #2 Ethibond were 233 ± 48 N and 134 ± 34 N, respectively (P = .002). The mean ± SD ultimate load of 2-0 FiberLoop was 282 ± 58 N, and that of #2 Ethibond was 135 ± 33 N (P &lt; .001). The cross-sectional area of one pass of 2-0 FiberLoop was calculated to be 0.21 mm2, and one pass of #2 Ethibond was 0.28 mm2. Conclusions: The smaller-caliber 2-0 FiberLoop was significantly stronger than #2 Ethibond. This study suggests that there is no advantage to using the traditional larger suture material for Achilles tendon repairs; however, further clinical testing is needed to determine the optimal repair technique. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 100(3): 185–188, 2010)

Mechanical properties and dimensions of the major pulmonary arteries

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dali J. Patel ◽  
Donald P. Schilder ◽  
Alexander J. Mallos
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between instantaneous distending pressure and diameter of the pulmonary artery was studied in 18 living thoracotomized dogs. An electrical caliper with adequate recording characteristics was developed for instantaneous diameter measurement. Control observations were made over a range of pressures induced by rapid, right heart dextran-infusion and were compared with those obtained during norepinephrine administration. Results indicate: a) the pulse contours of the pulmonary artery pressure and diameter are essentially identical, indicating negligible inertance and viscous resistance of the vessel wall, b) the mean change in average radius during a cardiac cycle was ±7.8% ± 2.86 S.D. ± .32 S.E.M. (0.48%/cm H2O pulse pressure) under control conditions, c) the ratio of change in radius to pulse pressure, R/P, showed a significant decrease during norepinephrine administration when compared to control values within the same pressure range (P < .01) and d) the cross-sectional area of the main pulmonary artery exceeded that of the right and left combined. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Alfred G. T. Casper) Submitted on August 25, 1959

scholarly journals Korelasi antara lebar mesiodistal gigi dengan kecembungan profil jaringan lunak wajah orang Bugis-Makassar

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Susilowati Susilowati ◽  
Sulastry Sulastry
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Malocclusion is very closely related to the disharmony of mesiodistaltooth-width with dental arches. It is important to know the mesiodistaltooth widths before establishing the diagnosis and planning oforthodontic treatment. The ultimate goal of orthodontic treatment isfacialesthetic, which is supported by a balanced soft tissue profile. The aim ofthis cross sectional study was to investigate the correlation betweenmesiodistal tooth widths with the convexity of soft tissue profile. Theresult of the study can be used as a reference and guidance inestablishing orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The numberof sample was 50 (18 males and 32 females), aged 18-27 years old.Criteria for sample selection comprised absence of interproximalcaries/filling, no tooth deformity, aged over 17 years, never undergoorthodontic treatment, the presence of teeth from the right first molarthrough the left first molar, both upper and lower, Buginese orMakassarese people, and Class I Angle malocclusion. Tooth sizemeasurements were performed on study models by using slidingcaliper. The photo of each subject was taken cephalometrically. Theangular measurement was performed on cephalogram, using Subtelny'sanalysis. The soft tissue convexity degree was represented by N-SnPog.The data was processed using SPSS program and tested byindependent t-test and correlation. It can be concluded that the meanvalue of mesiodistal width on males was greater that those on females(p<0.05), the mean of facial convexity degree on males (159.05°) wassmaller than those on females (162.77°), which was different significantly (p<0.05), and there was a very weak correlation (r<0.25) oralmost no correlation between mesiodistal tooth-width and the degree ofsoft tissue facial profile, and it was not significant statistically (p>0.05).

scholarly journals RIGHT ATRIAL STRAIN IN A NORMAL ADULT AFRICAN POPULATION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH AGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushitu Nyange ◽  
Ruchika Meel
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
African Population ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black African ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atrial Strain ◽  
The Right

Background The right atrial longitudinal strain (RALS) has been shown to be a useful parameter to define right atrial (RA) subclinical dysfunction in several cardiovascular disorders prior to changes in traditional RA two dimensional and volumetric parameters. There is a scarcity of data regarding normal values for RALS in a normal African population. Objectives We sought to establish normal values for RALS and its correlation with age, in a Sub-Saharan black African population. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 100 normal individuals (recruited as controls for another study) performed at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (2017-2019). All echocardiographic measurements were done as per standard guidelines. RALS was measured using Philips QLAB 9 (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) speckle-tracking software. Results Median age was 37.5 years (IQR 26- 46, 60% females). The mean right atrial volume indexed to body surface area (RAVI) was 19.5 ± 5.7 mL/m and the mean RALS was 32.7 ± 10.5%. There was a trend towards decreasing RALS with age (r=-0.15, P=0.129) with no change in RAVI with age ( P=0.27). Males had a tendency towards higher RAVI and RALS measurements compared to females (20.8 ± 6.3 mL/m and 18.7 ± 5.2 mL/m , P=0.07: 34.6 ± 9.6% and 31.4 ± 10.9 %, P=0.141, respectively) . BMI was an independent predictor of RALS on multivariate analysis ( r= -0.43, P =0.003) Conclusion We have defined the normal reference values for RALS in a black population. RALS tended to decrease with age prior to change in RAVI and can serve as a marker of subclinical RA dysfunction . BMI was an important determinant of RALS.

scholarly journals HEARING EVALUATION OF NIGERIAN PRISON INMATES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Musa Kirfi ◽  
◽  
Mohammed Bello Fufore ◽  
Garba Mohammed Mainasara ◽  
Abdulrazak Ajiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background: Prisoners, due to confinement are isolated from contact with the society and access to many of the facilities, including medical care. This study aimed to evaluate the hearing threshold of inmates of Kaduna convict prison. Method: It was a cross-sectional study of prison inmates at the Kaduna convict prison between April 2017 and February 2019. Ethical approvals were obtained from relevant bodies and all consented inmates aged 18 – 55years in the Kaduna convict prison were enrolled. Equal number of control matched for age and gender were enrolled from the communities in Kaduna North Local Government Area. Data were collated using a structured questionnaire. A diagnostic Pure Tone Audiometry was performed to assess their hearing threshold. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for analysis. Results: Four hundred and thirty inmates and equal number of control group were enrolled. The mean age for the inmates and controls were 30.2±7.5 and 30.4±8.02 years respectively. There were 383 males and 47 females in both groups. Among the 860 ears of the inmates, 238(27.7%) ears had hearing loss while in the control group, 95/ (11.1%) ears had impaired hearing. Conductive hearing loss was the commonest among the inmates 111(46.6%) while sensorineural was commoner among the controls 57(60.0%). The mean pure tone average among the inmates was 25.6±11.3dBHL and 26.1±11.2dBHL on the right and left ears respectively while in the control group, it was 18.4±7.8dBHL on the right and 17.9±7.9dBHL on the left. Conclusion: This study revealed that hearing loss was more prevalent among prison inmates than the general population. In majority of the inmates, the hearing loss was mild, conductive and mostly affecting all the frequencies.

scholarly journals Lung weights and undiagnosed lung lesions in medico-legal autopsies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
william mawalla ◽  
Henry A. Mwakyoma ◽  
Upendo Massamu
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Medico-legal or forensic autopsy is a special type of autopsy performed under the orders of a legal authority in circumstances involving unnatural, suspicious or criminal deaths. Gross and histopathological studies of viscera in medico-legal autopsies have been observed to serve as crucial tool in the detection of undiagnosed disease conditions and the resulting findings may closely represent the general population. Methods A prospective cross sectional study was carried out at the Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) department of pathology, to medico-legal autopsies received at the MNH mortuary. The study included 103 cases in an eight month period. Both lungs were weighed for each case and tissue samples were collected from each lobe, in both lungs. Other gross findings were observed and recorded. Tissue sections were made and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated under a microscope. Results Out of 103 cases studied, 88.3% were male with mean age of 35.8 + 16.6 years. In females, the mean age was 31.6 + 10.4 years. The mean weight of lungs was found to be 627.3 + 138.5g and 591.7 + 129.7g for the right and left lung, respectively, in males. In females, the mean weight of lungs was 616.7 + 166.1g and 583.3 + 155.8g for the right and left lung, respectively. More than half (53.4%) of lung samples had some pathological disease, and the leading diagnosis was pulmonary congestion/oedema (22.3%) followed by lobar pneumonia (18.5%). Age was found to relate with the observed histological diagnosis of the lungs. Conclusion Males, especially the youth and adults are the main victims of medico-legal deaths. The study also revealed high prevalence of undiagnosed lung diseases in victims of medico-legal deaths. These findings may reflect heavy burden of lung diseases in the general population.

scholarly journals Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Huo ◽  
Yuanyuan Qi ◽  
Shaozhen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Vision Disorder ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Infancy is the of a child’s visual development. Refractive errors, especially myopia, are a common vision disorder. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore refractive errors and risk factors for myopia among infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China. Methods A total of 583 infants aged 1–18 months participated in this cross-sectional study at Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center in China from February 2019 to November 2020. Each infant received a complete ophthalmologic examination, and myopia-related risk factors were investigated using a questionnaire. Results A total of 583 eligible infants participated in this study, including 312 (53.5%) boys and 271 (46.5%) girls. There were 164 (28.1%) premature born infants. The mean age was 6.59 ± 4.84 months (range, 1–18 months). The mean spherical equivalent (MSE) for the right eye was 1.81 D ± 1.56 D, with no difference related to sex (P = 0.104). Refractive state showed an average hyperopia of +2.74 ± 1.74 D at early ages, followed by a trend toward less hyperopia, finally reaching +1.35 ± 1.44 D at the age of 18 months (P ≤0.001). The overall prevalence rates of myopia (MSE ≤ −0.50 D), emmetropia (−0.50 D<MSE<+0.50 D), hyperopia (MSE ≥ +2.00 D), and astigmatism (≥ 1.50 D) were 5.1%, 10.8%, 42.7%, and 49.9%, respectively. The chi-square tests showed that gender, gestational age ≥37 weeks, winter birth, prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and parental history of high myopia were associated with children’s myopia (P = 0.022, P = 0.023, P = 0.038, P = 0.015, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions Among Chinese infants in Tianjin, hyperopia and astigmatism were the most frequent refractive errors, and the diopter was lower in individuals with higher age. In a small number of infants with myopia, genetic factors and the prenatal environment were associated with the early onset of myopia.

scholarly journals Histological study of proportion of cortex and medulla of the ovary in Bangladeshi women

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Hosna Ara Perven ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Halima Afroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

This cross sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January to December 2009, to determine the proportion of cortex and medulla of the ovary in di_erent age group of Bangladeshi women. This study was based on collection of 140 ovaries of 70 unclaimed female dead bodies from the morgue of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including A (10-13 years), B (14-45 years) & C (46-52 years). Histological slides were prepared by using routine haematoxylin and eosin stain. Ten best prepared histological slides from each age group were examined to determine the thickness of the cortex and medulla & proportion of the thickness of the cortex and the medulla of the ovary were expressed in percentages. The mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the right ovary were found 80.83±0.58% and 19.17±0.58% in group A, 86.95±1.14% and 13.05±1.14% in group B, 70.53±1.53% and 29.47±1.53% in group C respectively. The mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the left ovary were found 80.63±0.58% and 19.37±0.58% in group A, 86.78±1.14% and 13.22±1.14% in group B, 70.41±1.50% and 29.59±1.50% in group C respectively. The difference in mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla was not signi_cant in between the ovaries. However, the difference in mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the ovary between group A & group B, group A & group C and group B & group C were statistically significant.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Jan; 44 (1): 8-10

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