Effect of in ovo lithium carbonate and citrate injection on embryonic development and total blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol concentration

Benzo[a]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of well proved toxic effect on animal cells and tissues. We used chicken in ovo developmental model to verify its influence on selected parameters of the heart rhythm and on the antioxidative defense in the heart tissue. We determined that the dose of 1 mg/kg weight of eggs of benzo[a]pyrene strongly activates the glutathione-dependent antioxidative system, but it do not significantly affect the heart conducting system of the chicken embryo. We postulate that further study on the benzo[a]pyrene action during embryonic development of birds is recommended.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Tempe terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Mencit (Mus musculus) Hiperkolesterol

bionature ◽

10.35580/bionature.v20i2.11281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Heryl Rumtal ◽

Rosdiana Ngitung ◽

A. Mu’nisa A. Mu’nisa

Keyword(s):

Mus Musculus ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Total Blood ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Independent Variable ◽

The Subject ◽

Imprinting Control Region ◽

Total Blood Cholesterol ◽

Research Show

Abstract. This research is experimental which aims to determine the effect of giving Tempe Flour to total blood cholesterol concentration of hypercholesterol mice (Mus musculus). The independent variable of this research Tempe Flour while the dependent variable is the total blood cholesterol concentration of mice (Mus musculus). The subject of this research is 25 male ICR strain (Imprinting Control Region) mice with 3 months age divided 5 treatment groups which are normal group, hypercholesterol group, giving of tempe flour at dose of 10 g / day / BB (P1), 20 g / days / BB (P2) and 25 g / day / BB (P3). Tempe flour is given after the giving of cholesterol feed. All mices blood cholesterol concentration were check after the time of treatment. The result is analyz by using ANOVA with Ducan test. The result of this research show that the giving of Tempe Flour affected the decrease of blood cholesterol concentration of mice (Mus musculus) in dose of 10 g/day/BB,20 g/day/BB and 25 g/day/BB. Dose of 25 g/day/BB showed an effective dose for lowering cholesterol in the research. Keywords: tempe flour, cholesterol, hypercholesterol, mencit (Mus musculus)

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In vivo regulation of cell death by embryonic (pro)insulin and the insulin receptor during early retinal neurogenesis

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.127.8.1641 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 127 (8) ◽

pp. 1641-1649

Author(s):

B. Diaz ◽

J. Serna ◽

F. De Pablo ◽

E.J. de la Rosa

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Insulin Receptor ◽

Neural Development ◽

Developmental Process ◽

Neuronal Cell Death ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

In Ovo ◽

Retinal Neurogenesis

Programmed cell death is an established developmental process in the nervous system. Whereas the regulation and the developmental role of neuronal cell death have been widely demonstrated, the relevance of cell death during early neurogenesis, the cells affected and the identity of regulatory local growth factors remain poorly characterized. We have previously described specific in vivo patterns of apoptosis during early retinal neurogenesis, and that exogenous insulin acts as survival factor (Diaz, B., Pimentel, B., De Pablo, F. and de la Rosa, E. J. (1999) Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 1624–1632). Proinsulin mRNA was found to be expressed broadly in the early embryonic chick retina, and decreased later between days 6 and 8 of embryonic development, when there was increased expression of insulin-like growth factor I mRNA, absent or very scarce at earlier stages. Consequently, we studied whether proinsulin and/or insulin ((pro)insulin) action in prevention of cell death has physiological relevance during early neural development. In ovo treatment at day 2 of embryonic development with specific antibodies against (pro)insulin or the insulin receptor induced apoptosis in the neuroretina. The distribution of apoptotic cells two days after the blockade was similar to naturally occurring cell death, as visualized by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. The apoptosis induced by the insulin receptor blockade preferentially affected to the Islet1/2 positive cells, that is, the differentiated retinal ganglion cells. In parallel, the insulin survival effect on cultured retinas correlated with the activation of Akt to a greater extent than with the activation of MAP kinase. These results suggest that the physiological cell death occurring in early stages of retinal development is regulated by locally produced (pro)insulin through the activation of the Akt survival pathway.

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Stable integration of an optimized inducible promoter system enables spatiotemporal control of gene expression throughout avian development

Biology Open ◽

10.1242/bio.055343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. bio055343 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Chu ◽

An Nguyen ◽

Spenser S. Smith ◽

Zuzana Vavrušová ◽

Richard A. Schneider

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Inducible Promoter ◽

In Ovo ◽

Control Of Gene Expression ◽

Promoter Construct ◽

Avian Development ◽

Spatiotemporal Control ◽

Promoter System

ABSTRACTPrecisely altering gene expression is critical for understanding molecular processes of embryogenesis. Although some tools exist for transgene misexpression in developing chick embryos, we have refined and advanced them by simplifying and optimizing constructs for spatiotemporal control. To maintain expression over the entire course of embryonic development we use an enhanced piggyBac transposon system that efficiently integrates sequences into the host genome. We also incorporate a DNA targeting sequence to direct plasmid translocation into the nucleus and a D4Z4 insulator sequence to prevent epigenetic silencing. We designed these constructs to minimize their size and maximize cellular uptake, and to simplify usage by placing all of the integrating sequences on a single plasmid. Following electroporation of stage HH8.5 embryos, our tetracycline-inducible promoter construct produces robust transgene expression in the presence of doxycycline at any point during embryonic development in ovo or in culture. Moreover, expression levels can be modulated by titrating doxycycline concentrations and spatial control can be achieved using beads or gels. Thus, we have generated a novel, sensitive, tunable, and stable inducible-promoter system for high-resolution gene manipulation in vivo.

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Ketone-body metabolism in tumour-bearing rats

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2330485 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 233 (2) ◽

pp. 485-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A M Rofe ◽

R Bais ◽

R A Conyers

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Ketone Body ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Hepatic Glycogen ◽

Turnover Rates ◽

Total Blood ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Tumour Bearing ◽

And Control

During starvation for 72 h, tumour-bearing rats showed accelerated ketonaemia and marked ketonuria. Total blood [ketone bodies] were 8.53 mM and 3.34 mM in tumour-bearing and control (non-tumour-bearing) rats respectively (P less than 0.001). The [3-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] ratio was 1.3 in the tumour-bearing rats, compared with 3.2 in the controls at 72 h (P less than 0.001). Blood [glucose] and hepatic [glycogen] were lower at the start of starvation in tumour-bearing rats, whereas plasma [non-esterified fatty acids] were not increased above those in the control rats during starvation. After functional hepatectomy, blood [acetoacetate], but not [3-hydroxybutyrate], decreased rapidly in tumour-bearing rats, whereas both ketone bodies decreased, and at a slower rate, in the control rats. Blood [glucose] decreased more rapidly in the hepatectomized control rats. Hepatocytes prepared from 72 h-starved tumour-bearing and control rats showed similar rates of ketogenesis from palmitate, and the distribution of [1-14C] palmitate between oxidation (ketone bodies and CO2) and esterification was also unaffected by tumour-bearing, as was the rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate. The carcinoma itself showed rapid rates of glycolysis and a poor ability to metabolize ketone bodies in vitro. The results are consistent with the peripheral, normal, tissues in tumour-bearing rats having increased ketone-body and decreased glucose metabolic turnover rates.

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Non-co-ordinate development of β-adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase in chick heart

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2040825 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 204 (3) ◽

pp. 825-830 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

R W Alexander ◽

J B Galper ◽

E J Neer ◽

T W Smith

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Adenylate Cyclase ◽

Adrenergic Receptors ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Beta Adrenergic Receptors ◽

In Ovo ◽

Beta Adrenergic ◽

Receptor Affinity ◽

Chick Heart ◽

Β Adrenergic Receptors

We have studied the properties of beta-adrenergic receptors and of their interaction with adenylate cyclase in the chick myocardium during embryogenesis. Between 4.5 and 7.5 days in ovo the number of receptors determined by (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA) binding is constant at approx. 0.36 pmol of receptor/mg of protein. By day 9 the density decreases significantly to 0.22 pmol of receptor/mg of protein. At day 12.5-13.5 the number was 0.14-0.18 pmol of receptor/mg of protein. This number did not change further up to day 16. The same results were obtained with guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG) added to the assay mixtures. There was no significant change in receptor affinity for the antagonist [3H]DHA between days 5.5 and 13. Despite the decrease in numbers of beta-adrenergic receptors, there was no change in basal, p[NH]ppG-, isoprenaline- or isoprenaline-plus-p[NH]ppG-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity between days 3 and 12 of development. We conclude that beta-adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase are not co-ordinately regulated during early embryonic development of the chick heart. Some of the beta-adrenergic receptors present very early in the ontogeny of cardiac tissue appear not to be coupled to adenylate cyclase since their loss is not reflected in decreased activation of the enzyme.

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Histochemical and biochemical study of rabbit intestine in healthy and affected by epizootic enteropathy animals

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.14970 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 357

Author(s):

E. M. XYLOURI (Ε. Μ. ΞΥΛΟΥΡΗ) ◽

O. A. SABATAKOU (Ο. ΣΑΜΠΑΤΑΚΟΥ) ◽

E. KALDRYMIDOU (Ε. ΚΑΛΔΡΥΜΙΔΟΥ) ◽

K. A. SOTIRAKOGLOU (Α. Κ. ΣΩΤΗΡΑΚΟΓΛΟΥ) ◽

G. M. FRAGKIADAKIS (Μ. Γ. ΦΡΑΓΚΙΑΔΑΚΗΣ) ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Lamina Propria ◽

Brush Border ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Blood Count ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Total Blood

Rabbits are suffering from Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy (ERE), a new gastro-intestinal syndrome of unknown aetiology. ERE has not yet been investigated thoroughly from the patho-physiological point of view of the intestine malfunction during the intestine dysbiosis. For this reason, the aim of the present research was to study the haematological profile, the intestine histopathology and certain biochemical parameters (α-amylase activity, blood glucose concentration) of animals affected by ERE in comparison with those of healthy rabbits of the same age. In six healthy and six, affected by ERE, crossbreed New Zealand X California 35-day old rabbits, the following analyses were performed: Total blood count, histopathological morphology of the intestine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) distribution in intestine brush border and α-amylase activity in blood plasma and small intestine epithelium, respectively. Total blood count showed significantly (at 95% confidence level) decreased values for all blood parameters except for the white blood cell count, which proved to be significantly higher compared in ERE rabbits to that of normal rabbits. The a-amylase activity and concentration in blood plasma and intestinal epithelium were significantly (a=0.05) decreased, in contrast to blood glucose concentration, that was found to be significantly increased in ERE rabbits. Stomach was full of watery content, intestine presented non-specific enteropathy and mainly the small intestine was full of gas and watery content. Caecal and colon presented impaction and mucus was present in the colon. The histopathological evaluation of the ileum, sacculus rotundus, caecum and colon presented, mainly, lamina propria mononuclear cell infiltration and swelling, vacuolation, flattening and denuding of the enterocytes as well as oedematous lymphoid tissues. Duodenum had necrotic villi and deep infiltration with mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, within the lamina propria. Also swelling, vacuolation, flattening, enterocytes denuding and oedematous lymphoid tissue were observed. Jejunum had no lesions. The caecum and the colon presented an ALP positive reaction along the brush border of the epithelial cells. The small intestine presented a positive reaction along the brush border of intestinal glands-upper part- cells only and the bases of a few of the villi.

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Syzygium polyanthum protects against diabetic cardiac apoptosis in the chronic diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) ◽

10.31344/ijhhs.v5i1.226 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Flori R Sari ◽

Hari Hendarto ◽

Chris Adhiyanto ◽

Fadhlurrahman Ananditya ◽

Irfiani N ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Beneficial Role ◽

Cell Death Pathway ◽

Cardiac Apoptosis ◽

Persistent Hyperglycemia

Introduction: Hyperglycemia has become the main characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Persistent hyperglycemia directly activates cell death pathway that plays pivotal role in the diabetic complication including diabetic cardiomyopathy. Syzygium polyanthum plays a beneficial role in the diabetic condition by reducing the blood glucose concentration, however the role of this natural resources in preventing further complication of diabetes mellitus has not been revealed fully yet.Method: Syzygium polyanthum dry extract (300 mg/kg body weight) were given daily for 28 days in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Measurement of blood glucose concentration were done three times during the study, meanwhile cholesterol concentration, myocardial diameter and cardiac apoptosis were measured on the day 28 of the study. Cardiac apoptosis was analyzed by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL Assay).Results: Persistent hyperglycemia as well as cardiac apoptosis was significantly observed in the diabetic rat (D) on the day 28 of the study confronted to the normal rat (N). Interestingly, significant blood glucose reduction in concomitant with a lesser concentration of cardiac apoptosis were observed in the diabetic rat received 28 days Syzygium polyanthum extract (DS) confronted to the D rat. Additionally, lower plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly observed in the DS rat confronted to the D rat.Discussion: Significant cardiac apoptosis was observed in consistent with persistent hyperglycemia in the D rat as well as lesser cardiac apoptosis was observed in accordance with blood glucose concentration reduction in the DS rat. Therefore, Syzygium polyanthum may play beneficial role in the diabetic-associated cardiac apoptosis through its direct effect on the blood glucose concentration reduction. However further analysis should be done to fully elucidate the apoptotic pathway that involved.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 16-21

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