scholarly journals The hoard from the “Cioclovina cu Apă” Cave: content, dating, and significations

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 41-104
Author(s):  
Mihai Rotea ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Initial Starting ◽  
Archaeological Monument ◽  
Ritual Practices

This study is dedicated to the general presentation of the content, the dating and the significations of the known hoard from LBA II discovered in the “Cioclovina cu Apă” Cave / “Wet Cioclovina” Cave (Hunedoara county), discovery that constitutes one of the most remarkable monuments from the Romanian prehistory (over 7500 artifacts, most of them made of exotic materials). The association of at least four fundamental natural elements inside the archaeological monument under research here (mountain, forest, cave, and water) sets the initial starting points of the transformation of the monument into a cult place/sanctuary. There must have also been some revelation, some sign etc. The sanctuary inside the “Cioclovina cu Apă” Cave has attracted very rich and varied offerings (bronze items, exotic objects, pottery, antler cheek-pieces, and meat offerings) that were deposited in three consecrated spots in the Great Hall, places under the mark of the «spring of divinity». Starting from the fact that almost all of the offerings are jewelry items worn by women or elements that decorate horse harness, I have considered the idea that a Nymph or a Nymph associated with another deity was venerated here, in both cases in association with horses, as being the closest to the truth. I pleaded in favor of the possible presence of oracular components. Also, from the presented perspectives I considered that the exceptional ritual practices that took place in this cave place it in the sphere of inter-regional collective/institutional cult manifestations, in which the elites, including the female, played a dominant role.

scholarly journals Exploding operators for Majorana neutrino masses and beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gargalionis ◽  
Raymond R. Volkas
Keyword(s):  
Neutrino Mass ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Majorana Neutrino ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Mass Generation ◽  
Neutrino Mass Models ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Building UV completions of lepton-number-violating effective operators has proved to be a useful way of studying and classifying models of Majorana neutrino mass. In this paper we describe and implement an algorithm that systematises this model-building procedure. We use the algorithm to generate computational representations of all of the tree-level completions of the operators up to and including mass-dimension 11. Almost all of these correspond to models of radiative neutrino mass. Our work includes operators involving derivatives, updated estimates for the bounds on the new-physics scale associated with each operator, an analysis of various features of the models, and a look at some examples. We find that a number of operators do not admit any completions not also generating lower-dimensional operators or larger contributions to the neutrino mass, ruling them out as playing a dominant role in the neutrino-mass generation. Additionally, we show that there are at most five models containing three or fewer exotic multiplets that predict new physics that must lie below 100 TeV. Accompanying this work we also make available a searchable database containing all of our results and the code used to find the completions. We emphasise that our methods extend beyond the study of neutrino-mass models, and may be useful for generating completions of high-dimensional operators in other effective field theories. Example code: ref. [37].

Fictional Representations of Journalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Painter
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Foreign Correspondents ◽  
The Public ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All

Since the earliest years of the film industry, journalists and journalism have played a leading role in popular culture. Scholars debate whether journalism films—and by extension television programs, plays, cartoons, comics, commercials, and online and interactive stories and games—are a distinct genre, or whether journalists are featured in a variety of genres from dramas to comedies and satires to film noir. They also debate whether a film needs to feature a journalist doing journalism as a primary character or whether having a journalist as a secondary character still counts as a “journalism” film. Regardless, research into depictions of journalists in popular culture is important because the depictions influence public opinion about real-world journalists, as well as the credibility and public trust of the journalism field. Indeed, the influence might be greater even than the actual work performed by real-world journalists. Popular culture cultivates legend and myth, and this cultivation is especially true for a field such as journalism because the majority of the public will never see the inside of an actual newsroom. Popular culture myths about journalism focus on its normative role. Journalistic heroes are the foreign correspondents and investigative reporters who stand for community and progress. Journalistic villains are the lovable rogues, remorseful sinners, and unrepentant scoundrels who break journalistic norms and roles. A wide range of heroes and villains have been depicted on the big and small screen. For every Woodward and Bernstein working tirelessly to expose a corrupt presidential administration in All the President’s Men, there is a Chuck Tatum hiding an injured man in order to keep an exclusive in Ace in the Hole. For every Murphy Brown, a prominent and award-winning investigative journalist and anchor, there is a Zoe Barnes in House of Cards who has sex with sources and knowingly publishes false information. Many of the most interesting depictions, however, feature a character who has aspects of heroism and villainy. For example, Megan Carter in Absence in Malice attempts to be a watchdog reporter but destroys lives with her mistakes. Viewers ultimately are left with the idea that Carter will become a better journalist because of the lessons she has learned during the course of the film. Due to the potential impact of these depictions, entertainers must hold themselves to a higher standard to fulfill their discursive role within the broader republic. Entertainment programming needs a positive ethical code because it helps inform citizens by raising questions, offering incisive observations, and voicing marginalized perspectives. The code is in its nascent stages, but it is past time for media ethicists to develop a social responsibility theory for entertainment and amusement, the dominant role of almost all media.

scholarly journals Influential Actors’ Perceptions of Facilitators and Instruments for Solving Future Forest Land-Use Disputes in Europe

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Aurenhammer ◽  
Špela Ščap ◽  
Nike Krajnc ◽  
Jorge Olivar ◽  
Pablo Sabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Owner ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Market Society

Despite strong expectations regarding the role that forestry, with its multitude of potential benefits, could and should play in the ‘bio-economy’, little research has been done on the actual perceptions of influential actors on how to best address future forest land-use disputes. We want to shed light on whether and in which contexts expectations regarding the bio-economy, e.g., the strong role of markets, are likely. The paper analyses influential actors’ core values and beliefs about the primary facilitators and the most appropriate instruments for resolving disputes over future forest land use. We used Social Network Analysis-based sampling and a quantitative semi-structured questionnaire, which included a preference analysis with twelve items covering broad issues and disputes related to future forest land use, to identify actors’ beliefs about and preferences for facilitators and policy instruments within key issues for future land use. The respondents were asked to identify one of five ‘primary facilitators’ (state, market, society, individual citizens/owners, leave it to nature) and distribute six points to a maximum of three preferred instruments (eight items, covering a broad set of instruments, from dictates or bans to awareness raising). The results are based on the perceptions of the influential or most important actors from various innovative government and private forest initiatives in Bavaria (Germany), Slovenia, Castilla y León (Spain), Nordeste (Portugal), and Latvia (481 actor responses, 109 initiatives). The initiatives included participatory mountain forest initiatives, forest intervention zones, afforestation projects, forest owner associations, and model forest and labelling initiatives. The results provide insight into the similarities and differences between European countries and actor groups regarding the preferred facilitators and instruments for solving future forest problems. In light of disagreement in the literature on the role of the state or markets in future forest land use and the bio-economy, our results show that the market and its instruments are considered to play a dominant role in wood mobilisation. With respect to all other issues (socio-ecological, societal, other), the state or other institutions and their instruments gain priority. The state is considered to play a stronger role in developing new markets, e.g., for energy transition or new uses of wood, contrary to liberal market expectations. Ecological and social problems are considered to be outside of the market domain. Here, the state is called in, e.g., to steer recreational issues, the provision of ecosystem services, or the improvement of the protective function. The clearest preference across all regions is for the state to secure the provision of ecosystem services, in contrast to calls for future markets to regulate this field.

Corneal morphogenesis in the Mov13 mutant mouse is characterized by normal cellular organization but disordered and thin collagen

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-555
Author(s):  
J.B. Bard ◽  
K. Kratochwil
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Mutant Mouse ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fibril Morphology ◽  
Almost All ◽  
20 Nm

This paper compares corneal development in the normal and in the Mov13 mutant mouse homozygote which does not synthesize type I collagen. During the period 12–14 days of development, there is no obvious difference between cellular organization in the normal and the mutant corneas or, indeed, elsewhere in the eye. In particular, there is normal colonization of the mutant cornea by the mesenchymal cells which will form the endothelium and the fibroblasts. In the early stages of stromal deposition (less than 14 days), when relatively little collagen is normally laid down, mutant and wild-type corneas differ only in that mutant collagen fibrils are less uniform than normal ones. Later development in the Mov13 mutant cannot usually be studied because almost all mutant embryos are dead by 14 days, but we now have two homozygous embryos from a single, 16-day litter. Their stromas obviously differed from those of their normal littermates: there was markedly less collagen in the mutant cornea and the collagen that was deposited lacked orthogonal organization. Fibril morphology also differed: the diameters of fibrils in the normal corneas peaked sharply at about 20 nm, whereas the diameters of mutant fibrils were spread over the range 5–15 nm, with only a small percentage overlapping the normal distribution. These results suggest that type I collagen is of negligible importance in controlling the cellular organization of the cornea, but has a dominant role in the formation of normal 20 nm fibrils and of normal stromal organization. They also show that, as collagen production is markedly lower in the mutant than in the wild-type cornea, the production of other collagens cannot compensate in any way for the lack of type I collagen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Temporal Characteristics of Heat Waves and Cold Spells and Their Links to Atmospheric Circulation in EURO-CORDEX RCMs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Plavcová ◽  
Jan Kyselý
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Zonal Flow ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

We study summer heat waves and winter cold spells and their links to atmospheric circulation in an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX RCMs in Central Europe. Results of 19 simulations were compared against observations over 1980–2005. Atmospheric circulation was represented by circulation types and supertypes derived from daily gridded mean sea level pressure. We examined observed and simulated characteristics of hot and cold days (defined using percentiles of temperature anomalies from the mean annual cycle) and heat waves and cold spells (periods of at least three hot/cold days in summer/winter). Although the ensemble of RCMs reproduces on average the frequency and the mean length of heat waves and cold spells relatively well, individual simulations suffer from biases. Most model runs have an enhanced tendency to group hot/cold days into sequences, with several simulations leading to extremely long heat waves or cold spells (the maximum length overestimated by up to 2-3 times). All simulations also produce an extreme winter season with (often considerably) higher number of cold days than in any observed winter. The RCMs reproduce in general the observed circulation significantly conducive to heat waves and cold spells. Zonal flow reduces the probability of temperature extremes in both seasons, while advection of warm/cold air from the south-easterly/north-easterly quadrant plays a dominant role in developing heat waves/cold spells. Because of these links, the simulation of temperature extremes in RCMs is strongly affected by biases in atmospheric circulation. For almost all simulations and all circulation supertypes, the persistence of supertypes is significantly overestimated (even if the frequency of a given supertype is underestimated), which may contribute to development of too-long heat waves/cold spells. We did not identify any substantial improvement in the EURO-CORDEX RCMs in comparison to previous ENSEMBLES RCMs, but the patterns of the biases are generally less conclusive as to general RCMs’ drawbacks.

scholarly journals A Philosophical Treatise on the Connection of Scientific Reasoning with Fuzzy Logic

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Athanassopoulos ◽  
Michael Gr. Voskoglou
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Pure Mathematics ◽  
Probability And Statistics ◽  
Almost All

The present article studies the connection of scientific reasoning with fuzzy logic. Induction and deduction are the two main types of human reasoning. Although deduction is the basis of the scientific method, almost all the scientific progress (with pure mathematics being probably the unique exception) has its roots to inductive reasoning. Fuzzy logic gives to the disdainful by the classical/bivalent logic induction its proper place and importance as a fundamental component of the scientific reasoning. The error of induction is transferred to deductive reasoning through its premises. Consequently, although deduction is always a valid process, it is not an infallible method. Thus, there is a need of quantifying the degree of truth not only of the inductive, but also of the deductive arguments. In the former case, probability and statistics and of course fuzzy logic in cases of imprecision are the tools available for this purpose. In the latter case, the Bayesian probabilities play a dominant role. As many specialists argue nowadays, the whole science could be viewed as a Bayesian process. A timely example, concerning the validity of the viruses’ tests, is presented, illustrating the importance of the Bayesian processes for scientific reasoning.

scholarly journals Exit strategy of COVID-19 crisis and pathways of Vaccination

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrani Roy
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Common People ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Seasonal Flu ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All

There is a strong coordinated effort by vaccination groups all over the world to put an end to the current crisis of COVID-19. The Mass vaccination first started in the UK on 8th December 2020 and soon afterward covered all of the globe. Now sufficient data are available to analyse and compare some results to explore many aftereffects of vaccination. Some influence variables on transmissions of the disease were discussed e.g., mass vaccination, lockdown and seasonality. To address seasonality, similarities between COVID-19 and seasonal Flu are discussed to gain useful insight. Like Flu, seasonality was shown to play a dominant role in transmissions of COVID-19 in the Eu-rope and US. In terms of mass vaccination, adverse reactions after vaccination received attention, as health and safety issues of the general public are of prime importance. Apart from direct side effects, the secondary effect of mass vaccination needs attention too. After the initiation of vaccination programme , almost all countries experienced a sudden surge of transmission and most countries had to impose strict lockdown measures. Many countries, those showed a low prevalence of the disease, suddenly showed a steep jump after the onset of mass vaccination. Some countries even followed a synchronized pattern between the rate of transmissions and the variation of vaccine doses; the pattern seemed distinct with the sudden steep rise/fall in vaccine doses (e.g., countries India, Indonesia among others). In that context, fast mutation of the virus and new variants after mass vaccination and possible mechanisms/consequences were discussed. Balanced discussion, critical and open analyses are desperately needed in the current crucial stage. Debating, questioning and criticism are always the foundation of good science and the main pillars to its progress. Following that objective, it is an effort to explore pragmatically, areas relating to the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine and the exit strategy via the pathway of vaccination. Policymakers, academics, patients and common people will be greatly benefitted from such critical, transparent and balanced analyses.

scholarly journals PIETY ON CONTESTATION

ALQALAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ansor ◽  
Yaser Amri ◽  
Ismail Fahami Arrauf
Keyword(s):  
Religious Practice ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Community Members ◽  
New Members ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Ritual Practices

This article studied the phenomenon of contestation between orang Sunnah and orang Yasin in Sidodadi, Aceh Tamiang, to gain the recognition of being the most pious Muslim adherent. The research zoomed in on exploring the shape of the contestation and the socio-religious changes that may occur due to the existence of the mentioned contest. The researchers interviewed a dozens of informant, observed their religious practices and the strategy that they launch to propagate their belief and recruit new members. The study showed that the contestation between the two community take place in almost all religious practices. Some of the worth mentions are ritual practices, broadening and enhancing the religiosity of respective community members, or the approach they used in approaching Islam. Apart from that, the contestation between these two groups also triggered the negotiation and reconciliation of Islamic practices of both groups. The reconciliation of religious practice is in accordance with the "culture in between " theory as proposed by Homi K Bhabha in which he believes that truly there are always no clear boundaries between two groups of different credentials. In Sidodadi, the credentials difference of each group to actualize the ideal of Islam in managing the house of God for instance, triggers the struggle of both groups for the control of the mosques and mushollas in one hand, and in other hand it brings out the empathy of each community to revive the religious activities in worship places, though adapted with the credential feature of their respective groups. Keywords: Piety, Orang Sunnah, Orang Yasin, Aceh Tamiang

Decay of Picea abies snag stands on steep mountain slopes

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea D Kupferschmid Albisetti ◽  
Peter Brang ◽  
Walter Schönenberger ◽  
Harald Bugmann
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Almost All

In a 30-ha Picea abies mountain forest in the Swiss Alps, almost all trees were killed by bark beetles (Ips typographus) between 1992 and 1996. Snag decay was studied using full-callipering within transects, and the height of lying logs above ground level was studied using the line intersect method. None of the dead trees had been uprooted, but 75% were found broken in 2000. The probability of snag breakage was independent of both tree diameter and time since stand death, but 28% of the snags broke close to the ground during a storm in December 1999. The log sections that were not in direct contact with the ground (73% of the log length sampled) were on average 85 cm above the soil surface in 2001. The orientation of the logs could be explained with the prevailing wind direction even on this steep slope. Leaving snag stands unharvested in P. abies forests on such slopes is likely to result in effective protection against rockfall and avalanche release for about 30 years. Key words: Norway spruce, bark beetle, decay process, rockfall, avalanche, mountain forest, Switzerland, decomposition, coarse woody debris

scholarly journals THE FINENESS OF RIGA SCHILLINGS UNDER POLISH RULE (1581-1621)

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Viktors Dāboliņš
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Quality Issue ◽  
Small Change ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City ◽  
Common Understanding

The aim of study. The paper discusses the change of the silver proof of Riga schillings in the so-called Polish times. According to the Corpus privilegiorum Stepheneum (14 January 1581), Riga was confirmed minting rights, which however prescribed changes in coin design and fineness: on the one side coins had to bear the insignia of the Commonwealth and on the other side the coat of arms of the City; coins had to be of the same fineness and weight as the Polish and Lithuanian coinage so that there were no difference in their usage. Research methodology. Methods of analysis, classification, generalization and statistical methods were used to obtain the tasks set in the work. Riga schillings are arguably among the most widely studied and well-known coinages of the city mint of Riga, the capital of modern Latvia. In 1582 the first Polish style shilling was minted in Riga. Starting with 1588 shillings and 3-groschen coins (dreyer) were produced in the name of Sigismund III. Carrying almost all the same visual attributes as the coins of Stephan Bathory. From the late 16th century until the mid-17th century the production of this northernmost situated mint occupied a dominant role in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth market of small change. This has been suggested by the various archaeological data offered by Polish numismatists. Despite the fact that Riga schillings have been a subject of research over the last century, to this day scholars have not reached common understanding on the quality issue of the schillings. As is evident Baltic and Polish numismatists have disagreements about metrological terms of the early Commonwealth schillings. Scientific novelty. In an attempt to clear up some of the problems, three legislative sources will be paid special attention: ordinances of the Warsaw Sejm 1579/80 and the ordinances of the Monetary Commissions of Warsaw from 1604 and 1616. The Conclusions. This article argues that the Riga schillings were minted accordingly to the mint order, however from 1604 Riga (and Lithuanian) schillings deviated from the Polish schillings as they were minted of higher minting standard..

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