An Automated Optimize Utilization of Water and Crop Monitoring in Agriculture Using IoT

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Ajith Krishna R ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Ankit Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crop Monitoring ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Climate Analysis

Agriculture is the primary occupation in our country for ages. But now due to migration of people from rural to urban there is hindrance in agriculture. So, to overcome this problem we go for smart agriculture techniques using IoT. This paper includes various features like GPS based remote controlled monitoring, moisture & temperature sensing, intruders scaring, security, leaf wetness and proper irrigation facilities. It makes use of wireless sensor networks for noting the soil properties and environmental factors continuously. Various sensor nodes are deployed at different locations in the farm. Controlling these parameters are through any remote device or internet services and the operations are performed by interfacing sensors, Wi-Fi, camera with microcontroller. This concept is created as a product and given to the farmer’s welfare. AI Solution for Farmers perform soil analysis, climate analysis, and productivity analysis using linear regression. It helps farmers to understand about the crop to be sown as well as the factors affecting their productivity with the help of different types of graphs and tables. Farmers need not to do anything on the application as it is highly interactive as by using speech API.

scholarly journals Node Validation Technique to Increase Security of Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S) ◽  
pp. 863-867
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Validation Technique ◽  
Active Attacks ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Misdirection Attack

A distributed sort of network in which sensor nodes can join or leave the network when they want is identified as wireless sensor network. Due to self-arranging of the network, attacker nodes make their entry inside networks and launch different types of active and passive intrusions. The active attacks can be divided into various sub categories and one of them is misdirection attack. This attack increases delay in the network. The available attacker hub will trigger attack. In order to recognize and disengage malicious nodes a novel strategy is proposed in this work. The malicious nodes are recognized from the networks which are in charge of triggering the node. The attacker or malevolent node launches sinkhole intrusion. This intrusion streams fake recognition information within the network. This study proposes a verification approach for detecting attacker nodes present in the network. The performance of introduced approach is tested in NS2. It is scrutinized that performance is improved as per various parameters.

scholarly journals Application of Fuzzy Logic for Selection of Actor Nodes in WSANs —Implementation of Two Fuzzy-Based Systems and a Testbed

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Elmazi ◽  
Miralda Cuka ◽  
Makoto Ikeda ◽  
Keita Matsuo ◽  
Leonard Barolli
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Actor Networks ◽  
Prompt Action ◽  
Simulation Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The development of sensor networks and the importance of smart devices in the physical world has brought attention to Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs). They consist of a large number of static sensors and also a few other smart devices, such as different types of robots. Sensor nodes have responsibility for sensing and sending information towards an actor node any time there is an event that needs immediate intervention such as natural disasters or malicious attacks in the network. The actor node is responsible for processing and taking prompt action accordingly. But in order to select an appropriate actor to do one task, we need to consider different parameters, which make the problem NP-hard. For this reason, we consider Fuzzy Logic and propose two Fuzzy Based Simulation Systems (FBSS). FBSS1 has three input parameters such as Number of Sensors per Actor (NSA), Remaining Energy (RE) and Distance to Event (DE). On the other hand, FBSS2 has one new parameter—Transmission Range (TR)—and for this reason it is more complex. We will explain in detail the differences between these two systems. We also implement a testbed and compare simulation results with experimental results.

Development of a Customized Wireless Sensor System for Large-Scale Spatial Structures and Its Applications in Two Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1640017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbin Shen ◽  
Pengcheng Yang ◽  
Yaozhi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hardware Design ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Different Types

In this paper, a customized wireless sensor system (WSS) for structural health monitoring is developed toward large-scale spatial structures. Spatial structures are widely used in large public buildings which generally house thousands of people, therefore the safety of the buildings is a major concern for structural engineers. One of the characteristics of spatial structures is their steel construction and the material is homogeneous throughout. So the strain is commonly the most distinct parameter to indicate status of the structure. Another characteristic of spatial structures is their large-area scale, which brings problem for traditional wired monitoring systems, so an effective wireless sensor network (WSN) for structural monitoring is in urgent demand. Considering those features, the WSS development mainly focused on the sensor selection, hardware design and network customization. In this paper, a vibrating wire sensor is selected for strain measurement because of its stable, durable and anti-electromagnetic properties. For other parameters measurement, some commercial sensor products with digital signal output are adopted. Following the principle of modularization and extendibility, the hardware design is mainly based on the realization of several functional modules. All along, energy efficiency and measurement accuracy are the core design objective. The WSN is classified into four different types of topologies from basic to complex ones. They all have the common working mechanism, namely the collected data transfers via several relay from sensor nodes to sink nodes. Different types of networks are to be customized according to the configuration and scale of different structures. Finally, two typical applications are discussed in detail to verify the feasibility of the system. It can be concluded that the customized WSS is effective and durable, and well satisfies the requirement of structural status monitoring for large-scale spatial structures. Collected data have also shown that the structural stress variation is obvious under the effect of construction process and some other factors.

Wireless Sensor Networks Technologies and Applications for Smart Farming

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Dharm Singh Jat ◽  
Chucknorris Garikayi Madamombe
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Smart Environments ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Smart Agriculture

In recent years, there has been increased use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) which consists of sensor nodes and the intelligent machine learning algorithms to improve the performance of various applications in smart environments. These smart environments include smart home, smart agriculture, smart office, and smart hospital. In various countries throughout the world, agriculture is regarded as the backbone of the economy. To date, many families in Africa are employed in the agriculture industry. The dawn of information communication technologies (ICT) has changed the conventional way in which farming is conducted. However, quite a large number of farmers in Africa are still stagnant and highly dependent on the traditional ways of farming which started hundreds of years ago. This chapter has presented the current problems in farming and irrigation systems and suggests solutions through proposing the intelligent WSNs in a smart environment.

KMPH: Key Management Scheme Based on Pool-Hash for WSN

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150003
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Helali ◽  
Amina Msolli ◽  
Hassen Maaref ◽  
Ridha Mghaieth
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Key Management Scheme

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted a lot of interests over last years in security to ensure integrity, authenticity and data confidentiality. WSN applications are numerous, which range from smart home in indoor deployment offices to smart agriculture in outdoor deployments. Due to the deployment of nodes in remote areas, the solution brought to the wireless sensor network to increase the information security consists in protecting the messages exchanged between nodes. In the paper, modifications in the key management scheme are presented. Due to resource constraints in the sensor nodes, the proposed scheme ensures a distribution of the secured keys between nodes. New session keys transmitted between sensor nodes are defined during the discovery and path key phases. The experimental results prove that the proposed scheme is adapted to the WSN applications in terms of connectivity and resiliency.

scholarly journals A Survey on Smart Agricultural System Using LoRa Wireless Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Parimal Solanki ◽  
Dr. Dipak M Patel ◽  
Dr. Darshak G Thakore
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Wireless Protocols ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Over the past few years, the designing in smart agriculture system is a very important concept. Using smart farming techniques we can build up the crop yield, and concurrently attain better output from the input. In precision agriculture, a wireless sensor network brings a cost-effective solution to watch and manipulate. We already have many wireless protocols like Wi-Fi, Cellular, BLE (Bluetooth low energy), etc. Although this automation, not optimal for cultivation sensor nodes, there is a demand to send information to a great distance without an internet connection. This leads to boost the LoRa (Long range) technology, which can do very long-range transmission with the lowest cost [14]. The paper provides a brief survey of certain requirements for Smart Agriculture such as wireless sensor networks.

scholarly journals Research of Various Techniques for Evaluating Nodal Trust in Hierarchical WSN

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 894-899
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Collaborative Behavior ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Trust Models

In today’s modern world the wireless sensor networks have become a crucial tool to serve various purposes. The applications falling in range of wireless sensor networks are vast and tend to conquer our everyday life. It was initially designed for surveillance and monitoring for defense related operations but then it also proved to be boon for the health, traffic, consumer and industrial areas. Also, it is one of the most popular technologies for smart cities. However, the wireless sensor networks are highly prone to security attacks, and due to the dynamic, collective and collaborative behavior of sensor networks a secure data transfer has become a challenging task. The deployed sensor nodes, especially in the multi hop environment can get compromised and can behave maliciously. Therefore it becomes necessary to assess the trust worthiness or reliance of the sensor node over the other present in the network. Several researches have investigated various techniques for determining the nodal trust in WSN. This paper discusses the major challenges in wireless sensor network, potential attacks occurring due to compromised nodes along with the different types of trust models. It also figures out some of the existing trust models which are used in evaluating nodal trust in wireless sensor networks.`

A Modeling Approach to Building Wireless Sensors

2013 ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
E. Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Implementation Methodology ◽  
Hardware Faults

The gap between wireless sensor networks and application experts such as doctors, physicists, and biologists is slowly closing. Previous efforts have been made to bring the two together, but a design and implementation methodology for the lone user has never been proposed. In this chapter, a procedure is proposed based on the author’s experience building and programming a wireless humidity sensor for a greenhouse with only a small amount of previous programming experience. Various factors affecting the design and construction of sensor nodes are analysed and then applied in a practical manner in the project. The project ended prematurely due to hardware faults but reached a point that allows the continuation of the methodology in a theoretical fashion.

A Survey on Clustering and Routing on LEACH for Wireless Sensor Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 248-252
Author(s):  
Lu Gao ◽  
Zhong Min Li ◽  
Jing Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Routing Techniques

In recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been promising approaches for a variety of application monitoring and capturing the required data from the environment. Due to the restricted communication range and high density of sensor nodes, routing in WSNs has been considered an important field of research over the past decade. The most popular protocol for clustering in WSNs is Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) which is based on adaptive clustering technique. The factors affecting LEACH efficiency include Cluster Head (CH), topology structure and routing algorithm. This paper provides in the past years the taxonomy of various clustering and routing techniques based on LEACH in WSNs. The paper highlights the primary principle of each improved protocol and emphasize on their advantages and disadvantages compared to the LEACH.

scholarly journals The Coverage Issues in WSNs

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jyoti Rani ◽  
Vishal Anand
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Wireless Link ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
System Requirement ◽  
Different Types

Aim: Wireless Sensor Networks is one of the hot research topic in previous years due to its wide contribution in emerging industry that is Internet of Things. A wireless sensor network is a network of tiny devices, which can gather the information from surrounding and then successfully communicate it via wireless link. WSNs are widely used for monitoring targets in given field of interest. Most popular area of research in Wireless Sensor Networks is coverage. This paper focus on coverage issues in Wireless Sensor Networks. Study Design: Various Issues in WSNs being studied and analyzed. Place and Duration of Study: Swami Parmanand College Lalru, between May 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: It included following steps:- Survey of the literature related to the proposed work. Comparison of different types of WSNs and challenges and issues related to them. Detailed study of coverage issue involved in implementation of WSN. Results: Coverage selection depends on the system requirement. Each coverage has its own advantages and disadvantages related to its implementation. “Table 2: Comparison between Various WSN and challenges related to them” it discusses about various types of WSNs and the challenges related to each one of them. Conclusion: Coverage in WSNs can be defined on how well the sensor nodes monitor the targets in given field of interest. Each application comes with different set of coverage requirements; hence, deployment strategies are chosen based on the requirements.

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