Development of a Customized Wireless Sensor System for Large-Scale Spatial Structures and Its Applications in Two Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1640017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbin Shen ◽  
Pengcheng Yang ◽  
Yaozhi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hardware Design ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Different Types

In this paper, a customized wireless sensor system (WSS) for structural health monitoring is developed toward large-scale spatial structures. Spatial structures are widely used in large public buildings which generally house thousands of people, therefore the safety of the buildings is a major concern for structural engineers. One of the characteristics of spatial structures is their steel construction and the material is homogeneous throughout. So the strain is commonly the most distinct parameter to indicate status of the structure. Another characteristic of spatial structures is their large-area scale, which brings problem for traditional wired monitoring systems, so an effective wireless sensor network (WSN) for structural monitoring is in urgent demand. Considering those features, the WSS development mainly focused on the sensor selection, hardware design and network customization. In this paper, a vibrating wire sensor is selected for strain measurement because of its stable, durable and anti-electromagnetic properties. For other parameters measurement, some commercial sensor products with digital signal output are adopted. Following the principle of modularization and extendibility, the hardware design is mainly based on the realization of several functional modules. All along, energy efficiency and measurement accuracy are the core design objective. The WSN is classified into four different types of topologies from basic to complex ones. They all have the common working mechanism, namely the collected data transfers via several relay from sensor nodes to sink nodes. Different types of networks are to be customized according to the configuration and scale of different structures. Finally, two typical applications are discussed in detail to verify the feasibility of the system. It can be concluded that the customized WSS is effective and durable, and well satisfies the requirement of structural status monitoring for large-scale spatial structures. Collected data have also shown that the structural stress variation is obvious under the effect of construction process and some other factors.

scholarly journals Sensor System: A Survey of Sensor Type, Ad Hoc Network Topology and Energy Harvesting Techniques

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Phuoc Duc Nguyen ◽  
Lok-won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Energy Scavenging ◽  
Term Operation

People nowadays are entering an era of rapid evolution due to the generation of massive amounts of data. Such information is produced with an enormous contribution from the use of billions of sensing devices equipped with in situ signal processing and communication capabilities which form wireless sensor networks (WSNs). As the number of small devices connected to the Internet is higher than 50 billion, the Internet of Things (IoT) devices focus on sensing accuracy, communication efficiency, and low power consumption because IoT device deployment is mainly for correct information acquisition, remote node accessing, and longer-term operation with lower battery changing requirements. Thus, recently, there have been rich activities for original research in these domains. Various sensors used by processing devices can be heterogeneous or homogeneous. Since the devices are primarily expected to operate independently in an autonomous manner, the abilities of connection, communication, and ambient energy scavenging play significant roles, especially in a large-scale deployment. This paper classifies wireless sensor nodes into two major categories based the types of the sensor array (heterogeneous/homogeneous). It also emphasizes on the utilization of ad hoc networking and energy harvesting mechanisms as a fundamental cornerstone to building a self-governing, sustainable, and perpetually-operated sensor system. We review systems representative of each category and depict trends in system development.

scholarly journals Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Cities: Network Design, Implementation and Performance Evaluation

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Ala’ Khalifeh ◽  
Khalid A. Darabkh ◽  
Ahmad M. Khasawneh ◽  
Issa Alqaisieh ◽  
Mohammad Salameh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Real Field

The advent of various wireless technologies has paved the way for the realization of new infrastructures and applications for smart cities. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are one of the most important among these technologies. WSNs are widely used in various applications in our daily lives. Due to their cost effectiveness and rapid deployment, WSNs can be used for securing smart cities by providing remote monitoring and sensing for many critical scenarios including hostile environments, battlefields, or areas subject to natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and floods or to large-scale accidents such as nuclear plants explosions or chemical plumes. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework where WSNs are adopted for remote sensing and monitoring in smart city applications. We propose using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to act as a data mule to offload the sensor nodes and transfer the monitoring data securely to the remote control center for further analysis and decision making. Furthermore, the paper provides insight about implementation challenges in the realization of the proposed framework. In addition, the paper provides an experimental evaluation of the proposed design in outdoor environments, in the presence of different types of obstacles, common to typical outdoor fields. The experimental evaluation revealed several inconsistencies between the performance metrics advertised in the hardware-specific data-sheets. In particular, we found mismatches between the advertised coverage distance and signal strength with our experimental measurements. Therefore, it is crucial that network designers and developers conduct field tests and device performance assessment before designing and implementing the WSN for application in a real field setting.

scholarly journals A Distributed Collision-Free Data Aggregation Scheme for wireless sensor network

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 155014771879584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyang Qin ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Jingya Ma ◽  
Ping Ji ◽  
Pan Feng
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Delay ◽  
Free Data ◽  
Aggregation Scheme ◽  
Aggregation Technology

Due to the advantages of large-scale, data-centric and wide application, wireless sensor networks have been widely used in nowadays society. From the physical layer to the application layer, the multiply increasing information makes the data aggregation technology particularly important for wireless sensor network. Data aggregation technology can extract useful information from the network and reduce the network load, but will increase the network delay. The non-exchangeable feature of the battery of sensor nodes makes the researches on the battery power saving and lifetime extension be carried out extensively. Aiming at the delay problem caused by sleeping mechanism used for energy saving, a Distributed Collision-Free Data Aggregation Scheme is proposed in this article to make the network aggregate data without conflicts during the working states periodically changing so as to save the limited energy and reduce the network delay at the same time. Simulation results verify the better aggregating performance of Distributed Collision-Free Data Aggregation Scheme than other traditional data aggregation mechanisms.

An Automated Optimize Utilization of Water and Crop Monitoring in Agriculture Using IoT

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Ajith Krishna R ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Ankit Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crop Monitoring ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Climate Analysis

Agriculture is the primary occupation in our country for ages. But now due to migration of people from rural to urban there is hindrance in agriculture. So, to overcome this problem we go for smart agriculture techniques using IoT. This paper includes various features like GPS based remote controlled monitoring, moisture & temperature sensing, intruders scaring, security, leaf wetness and proper irrigation facilities. It makes use of wireless sensor networks for noting the soil properties and environmental factors continuously. Various sensor nodes are deployed at different locations in the farm. Controlling these parameters are through any remote device or internet services and the operations are performed by interfacing sensors, Wi-Fi, camera with microcontroller. This concept is created as a product and given to the farmer’s welfare. AI Solution for Farmers perform soil analysis, climate analysis, and productivity analysis using linear regression. It helps farmers to understand about the crop to be sown as well as the factors affecting their productivity with the help of different types of graphs and tables. Farmers need not to do anything on the application as it is highly interactive as by using speech API.

Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 1076-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Schmitt ◽  
Georg Carle
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Limited Power

Today the researchers want to collect as much data as possible from different locations for monitoring reasons. In this context large-scale wireless sensor networks are becoming an active topic of research (Kahn1999). Because of the different locations and environments in which these sensor networks can be used, specific requirements for the hardware apply. The hardware of the sensor nodes must be robust, provide sufficient storage and communication capabilities, and get along with limited power resources. Sensor nodes such as the Berkeley-Mote Family (Polastre2006, Schmitt2006) are capable of meeting these requirements. These sensor nodes are small and light devices with radio communication and the capability for collecting sensor data. In this chapter the authors review the key elements for sensor networks and give an overview on possible applications in the field of monitoring.

An Energy-Efficient Multilevel Clustering Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Surender Soni ◽  
Vivek Katiyar ◽  
Narottam Chand
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Topology Management ◽  
Clustering Protocol ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are generally believed to be homogeneous, but some sensor nodes of higher energy can be used to prolong the lifetime and reliability of WSNs. This gives birth to the concept of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSNs). Clustering is an important technique to prolong the lifetime of WSNs and to reduce energy consumption as well, by topology management and routing. HWSNs are popular in real deployments (Corchado et al., 2010), and have a large area of coverage. In such scenarios, for better connectivity, the need for multilevel clustering protocols arises. In this paper, the authors propose an energy-efficient protocol called heterogeneous multilevel clustering and aggregation (HMCA) for HWSNs. HMCA is simulated and compared with existing multilevel clustering protocol EEMC (Jin et al., 2008) for homogeneous WSN. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol performs better.

scholarly journals Optimized Clustering Algorithms for Large Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Wohwe Sambo ◽  
Blaise Yenke ◽  
Anna Förster ◽  
Paul Dayang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
High Data ◽  
High Scalability

During the past few years, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become widely used due to their large amount of applications. The use of WSNs is an imperative necessity for future revolutionary areas like ecological fields or smart cities in which more than hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes are deployed. In those large scale WSNs, hierarchical approaches improve the performance of the network and increase its lifetime. Hierarchy inside a WSN consists in cutting the whole network into sub-networks called clusters which are led by Cluster Heads. In spite of the advantages of the clustering on large WSNs, it remains a non-deterministic polynomial hard problem which is not solved efficiently by traditional clustering. The recent researches conducted on Machine Learning, Computational Intelligence, and WSNs bring out the optimized clustering algorithms for WSNs. These kinds of clustering are based on environmental behaviors and outperform the traditional clustering algorithms. However, due to the diversity of WSN applications, the choice of an appropriate paradigm for a clustering solution remains a problem. In this paper, we conduct a wide review of proposed optimized clustering solutions nowadays. In order to evaluate them, we consider 10 parameters. Based on these parameters, we propose a comparison of these optimized clustering approaches. From the analysis, we observe that centralized clustering solutions based on the Swarm Intelligence paradigm are more adapted for applications with low energy consumption, high data delivery rate, or high scalability than algorithms based on the other presented paradigms. Moreover, when an application does not need a large amount of nodes within a field, the Fuzzy Logic based solution are suitable.

Research on Detection of Distribution and Collision of Wireless Sensor Nodes Based on Radio-Frequency Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2089-2092
Author(s):  
Jin Cheng Zhou ◽  
Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Method ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Modal Strain Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Modal Strain Energy Method

many factors need to be considered in layout and distribution of wireless sensor nodes; in addition to the general features of common monitoring sensors, such as economic factors, environmental factors, detection accuracy factor, etc, some particular features should be fully considered, such as intensity, large-scale rapid layout, early warning and monitoring of critical structural components and important areas, as well as its redundancy. Basing on the Modal Energy Method, the paper proposes an optimal sensor layout algorithm available in improvement of modal strain energy method, and such the method is simple and quick, with certain practical value.

Spatio-temporal evolution of thin Alfven resonance layer

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-734
Author(s):  
I. S. DMITRIENKO
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Resonance Detuning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Resonance Equation

AbstractWe describe the spatio-temporal evolution of one-dimensional Alfven resonance disturbance in the presence of various factors of resonance detuning: dispersion and absorption of Alfven disturbance, nonstationarity of large-scale wave generating resonant disturbance. Using analytical solutions to the resonance equation, we determine conditions for forming qualitatively different spatial and temporal structures of resonant Alfven disturbances. We also present analytical descriptions of quasi-stationary and non-stationary spatial structures formed in the resonant layer, and their evolution over time for cases of drivers of different types corresponding to large-scale waves localized in the direction of inhomogeneity and to nonlocalized large-scale waves.

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