Paul and Philosophy

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-99
Author(s):  
Ole Jakob Løland
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
1 Corinthians ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Conceptual Revolution

Taubes’s readings of Paul demonstrate a hermeneutical art of disagreement within the intellectual life of post-Holocaust Europe. Taubes is a reader who looks for intellectual enemies with whom he can achieve a true disagreement without dismissing their true insights, whether they are historical or philosophical. This hermeneutic is not unattached to Taubes’s Jewish background but reflects a Talmudic spirit inherent within Taubes’s idiosyncratic readings of Paul. Moreover, Taubes’s readings are attuned to nuances, ambivalences, and contradictions within Paul, as Taubes powerfully demonstrates in his exegesis of 1 Corinthians. With the help of Nietzsche’s polemical reading of this Pauline epistle, Taubes detects the instances where Paul’s doctrine of the cross revolutionizes ancient perceptions and passages that contain the power to neutralize this very same conceptual revolution. This results in Taubes’s image of a contradictory apostle, who can be used throughout history for various purposes. In Taubes’s case, Paul becomes a messianic thinker and part of Taubes’s efforts to establish a powerful synthesis of the insights of Walter Benjamin and Carl Schmitt—against what Taubes considers as the merely aesthetic tradition of “critical theory” in Theodor Adorno that remains indifferent to the historical struggles of the excluded.

scholarly journals O problema da pobreza de experiência na formação do professor: desafios da educação inclusiva

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Michelli Agra
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
General Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Bourgeois Society ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Formación Docente

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir os desafios da educação inclusiva, com base no conceito de experiência aplicado à problemática da formação do professor. Utiliza-se como referencial teórico-metodológico, a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, com base nos autores Theodor Adorno e Walter Benjamin. As considerações giram em torno da argumentação das possíveis causas e efeitos do empobrecimento da experiência na sociedade burguesa capitalista, com a seguinte questão: ‘Para que viver experiências na formação de professor?’ No sentido que se procura expor, a experiência deixa marcas que passam a pertencer à subjetividade do indivíduo, além de potencializar a racionalidade e a autonomia. A educação inclusiva, por sua vez, revela a educação geral e pode contribuir para uma educação que propicie a resistência e a emancipação humana.Palavras-chave: Experiência; Formação do Professor; Educação Inclusiva. The problem of poverty of experience in teacher training: challenges of inclusive educationABSTRACTThis article aims to discuss the challenges of inclusive education, based on the concept of experience applied to the problem of teacher education. The Critical Theory of Society, based on the authors Theodor Adorno and Walter Benjamin was used as theoretical-methodological reference. Considerations revolve around arguing the possible causes and effects of the impoverishment of experience in capitalist bourgeois society, with the following question: 'Why live experiences in teacher training?' In the sense we seek to expose, experience leaves marks that pass to belong to the subjectivity of the individual, in addition to enhancing rationality and autonomy. Inclusive education, in turn, reveals general education and can contribute to an education that fosters resistance and human emancipation.Keywords: Experience; Teacher Training; Inclusive education. El problema de la pobreza de experiencia en la formación del profesor: desafíos de la educación inclusiva RESUMENEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir los desafíos de la educación inclusiva, basándose en el concepto de experiencia aplicado a la problemática de la formación docente. Se utiliza como referencial teórico-metodológico, la Teoría Crítica de la Sociedad, basándose en autores como Theodor Adorno y Walter Benjamin. Las consideraciones giran alrededor de la argumentación de las posibles causas y efectos del empobrecimiento de la experiencia en la sociedad burguesa capitalista, con la siguiente cuestión: ¿Para qué vivir experiencias en la experiencia en la formación docente? En el sentido en que se busca exponer, la experiencia deja señas que pertenecen a la subjetividad del individuo, además de potenciar la racionalidad y la autonomía. La educación inclusiva, a su vez, revela la educación general y puede contribuir para una educación que favorezca la resistencia y la emancipación humana.Palabras clave: Experiencia; Formación docente; Educación Inclusiva.

scholarly journals A crítica à democracia liberal em Carl Schmitt e Robert Kurz: um estudo comparativo

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-210
Author(s):  
David Gonçalves Borges
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Max Horkheimer ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Franz Neumann

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar comparativamente as semelhanças contidas nas críticas à democracia liberal presentes em alguns trabalhos selecionados de Carl Schmitt (1888-1985) e Robert Kurz (1943-2012). A despeito da estreita associação do primeiro autor com o regime nazista após 1933 e do segundo ser normalmente caracterizado como um pensador marxista (embora bastante crítico ao marxismo “ortodoxo”), são verificáveis inúmeras similitudes entre ambos quando se propõem a analisar as características do liberalismo parlamentar das democracias do século XX. Uma hipótese que pode explicar tais semelhanças seria a influência exercida por Schmitt sobre diversos teóricos da escola de Frankfurt, com os quais Kurz frequentemente dialoga em seus escritos e que foram inspiradores de algumas de suas reflexões – em especial, Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer, embora Schmitt também tenha influenciado Franz Neumann, Otto Kirchheimer, Karl Korsch e Herbert Marcuse. Outra via de interpretação abordada aqui se refere à possibilidade de Schmitt ter encontrado, em suas teorias sobre o Estado e sobre o direito, os limites epistemológicos do liberalismo moderno, o que constitui o principal objeto de pesquisa de Kurz e foi tema recorrente nos escritos dos teóricos de Frankfurt.

scholarly journals Revisionist philosophy of architecture: Fundamental dispositives

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Miško Šuvaković
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Architecture Theory

The discussion points to the issue of defining and re-defining the notion of the "critical theory". The notion of critical theory has been considered since the introduction of the notion at the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt until the modern, postmodern and contemporary theories of critical and decentering of the critical. The notion of critical theory is associated with the problem of politicization of architecture and urbanism. It is pointed to the case of critical theory of the Frankfurt circle. Particular attention is paid to the art/architecture theory of Theodor Adorno and to the theory of architecture and urbanism of Walter Benjamin. Adorno's critique of architectural functionalism has been considered. It is discussed about methodological approach to Benjamin's analysis and the debate on Paris as metropolis. The aim of the discussion is to indicate to transformations and modalities of critical theory in modernism, post-structuralism, postmodernism and contemporary global neoliberalism.

scholarly journals The Dialectical Methods of Marshall McLuhan, Marxism, and Critical Theory

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Grosswiler
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Marshall Mcluhan ◽  
Max Horkheimer ◽  
Dialectical Theory ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Media Interaction ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Human Awareness

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to help reclaim McLuhan's media and social / historical theories for critical theory, arguing that McLuhan employed a form of dialectical theory containing basic elements of dialectics developed by Hegel, Marx, and, later, his contemporaries of the Frankfurt School. This essay will examine McLuhan's published writings for analysis of his dialectical methodology and compare his work closely with the work of Walter Benjamin, and the work of Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, lines of inquiry paralleling Judith Stamps's Unthinking Modernity. The central argument is that McLuhan's method, like Marx's radical dialectical method, was not a mechanistic, technological determinism. Instead, McLuhan was mining the interstices of media interaction for openings that allow human awareness and autonomy. This study attempts to reclaim McLuhan by showing that his method was open-ended and processual, not only in his early work, but in the later and posthumous work as well. Résumé: Cet essai cherche à ramener au sein de la théorie critique les théories médiatiques et socio-historiques de McLuhan, en insistant sur le fait que la forme de la théorie dialectique qu'il emploie est basée sur les dialectiques élaborées par Hegel, Marx et plus tard par les contemporains de McLuhan, à savoir les membres de l'Ecole de Francfort. En se penchant sur les écrits publiés de McLuhan, cet essai analyse sa théorie dialectique et procède à une comparaison approfondie de ses oeuvres à celles de Walter Benjamin, Max Horkheimer et Theodor Adorno--une recherche qui nous rappelle Unthinking Modernity de Judith Stamps. L'argument principal est que la méthode de McLuhan, de même que la méthode dialectique radicale de Marx, ne représentait en aucun cas un déterminisme mécaniste et technologique. McLuhan examine plutôt les interstices de l'interaction des médias pour y trouver les ouvertures qui permettraient une conscience humaine et une autonomie plus grandes. Cette étude essaye de revendiquer l'importance des écrits de McLuhan en montrant que sa méthode était sans limites fixes et suivait un processus précis, non seulement dans ses premiers ouvrages, mais également dans son oeuvre mûre et dans ses publications posthumes.

Grand Illusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Richard Wagner ◽  
Giuseppe Verdi ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Tristan Und Isolde ◽  
Giacomo Meyerbeer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Opera ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

Grand Illusion is a new history of grand opera as an art of illusion facilitated by the introduction of gaslight illumination at the Académie Royale de Musique (Paris) in the 1820s. It contends that gas lighting and the technologies of illusion used in the theater after the 1820s spurred the development of a new lyrical art, attentive to the conditions of darkness and radiance, and inspired by the model of phantasmagoria. Karl Marx, Walter Benjamin, and Theodor Adorno have used the concept of phantasmagoria to arrive at a philosophical understanding of modern life as total spectacle, in which the appearance of things supplants their reality. The book argues that the Académie became an early laboratory for this historical process of commodification, for the transformation of opera into an audio-visual spectacle delivering dream-like images. It shows that this transformation began in Paris and then defined opera after the mid-century. In the hands of Giacomo Meyerbeer (Robert le diable, L’Africaine), Richard Wagner (Der fliegende Holländer, Lohengrin, and Tristan und Isolde), and Giuseppe Verdi (Aida), opera became an expanded form of phantasmagoria.

scholarly journals The Frankfurt School and the authoritarian personality: Balance sheet of an insight

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 072551362110059
Author(s):  
Geoff Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
The Other ◽  
Authoritarian Personality ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Authoritarian Populism ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
School Research

Frankfurt School critical theory is perhaps the most significant theory of society to have developed directly from a research programme focused on the critique of political authoritarianism, as it manifested during the interwar decades of the 20th century. The Frankfurt School’s analysis of the persistent roots – and therefore the perennial nature – of what it describes as the ‘authoritarian personality’ remains influential in the analysis of authoritarian populism in the contemporary world, as evidenced by several recent studies. Yet the tendency in these studies is to reference the final formulation of the category, as expressed in Theodor Adorno and co-thinkers’ The Authoritarian Personality (1950), as if this were a theoretical readymade that can be unproblematically inserted into a measured assessment of the threat to democracy posed by current authoritarian trends. It is high time that the theoretical commitments and political stakes in the category of the authoritarian personality are re-evaluated, in light of the evolution of the Frankfurt School. In this paper, I review the classical theories of the authoritarian personality, arguing that two quite different versions of the theory – one characterological, the other psychodynamic – can be extracted from Frankfurt School research.

Presentación

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Isaac Caro ◽  
Patricio Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Sociedad Civil ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

La publicación XXVIII, número 2, de revista Persona y Sociedad, al igual que los números anteriores, concentra estudios e investigaciones sobre las siguientes disciplinas de las ciencias sociales: filosofía política, teoría sociológica, sociología política, ciencia política, vinculadas a casos correspondientes de la sociedad civil y a la construcción e implementación legislativa. Esta edición tiene un especial contenido sobre las realidades sociales y políticas de la región latinoamericana, siempre enfrentada a procesos de transformación y ajustes en el nuevo escenario de la 'sociedad mundial'. El primer artículo que abre esta publicación es de Felipe Mansilla, cuyo título es "La naturaleza conservadora de las concepciones antioccidentalistas. Observaciones incómodas sobre un tema actual". Para este análisis, el Tercer Mundo -y en especial mención la región latinoamericana- es el propósito de este ensayo, que indaga sobre el impacto y la divulgación que han tenido las ideas de pensadores como Walter Benjamin y Carl Schmitt entre los adherentes de las doctrinas de la subalternidad y la descolonización en el continente latinoamericano. El segundo artículo de esta publicación analiza el actual posicionamiento teórico de Habermas en relación con su reconocimiento del importante lugar que ocupa la religión en el espacio público-político. Su autor, Santiago Prono, considera que este espacio de modelación tiene consecuencias incluso en el concepto mismo de sociedad civil, logrando la participación de ciudadanos religiosos en el marco conceptual de la política deliberativa. Miriam Kriger y Juan Dukuen encabezan la tercera investigación, en la cual estudian las disposiciones políticas de jóvenes estudiantes argentinos de clase alta de Buenos Aires durante los años 2011 y 2013. La estructura de este análisis se basa en la perspectiva bourdieuana en diálogo con la psicología cultural, cuyo foco es el estudio de la intervención del pensamiento político y el juicio moral en la formación de disposiciones políticas de este grupo social. En cuarto lugar, el artículo "Bolivia: lucha indígena hacia las autonomías", de María Fernanda Herrera, realiza un análisis crítico del presente boliviano con respecto a la consecución de derechos y autonomías territoriales. Aun cuando el año 2009 fue un momento clave para la articulación de movimientos sociales y originarios en dicho país, al punto de llegar a establecer un Estado plurinacional, la Nueva Constitución limita su construcción debido a las normativas institucionales de la misma. Finalmente, la publicación de Lucía Salazar titulada "Reconociendo el feminicidio. La exigencia en sociedad y la legislación ecuatoriana", pone el acento en el último proceso legislativo que se ha llevado a cabo en Ecuador desde la aprobación del Código Integral Penal. Desde una visión crítica, la autora considera los debates existentes en legisladores, jurisconsultos y en la sociedad ecuatoriana en general. Este número cuenta además con dos breves reseñas. En primer lugar, Ceferino Muñoz reseña La persona humana y su formación en Antonio Millán-Puelles, de Mauricio Bicocca, cuyo eje principal aborda la formación individual y social de la persona humana. La segunda reseña la realiza Miguel González Vallejos sobre el texto Indagación cristiana en los márgenes. Un clamor latinoamericano, con prólogo de Antonio Bentué, de Diego lrarrázaval. Aquí el autor invita a reflexionar sobre la siguiente premisa: "el acontecer ordinario y el contacto entre personas y culturas diferentes permiten descubrir voces y silencios de Dios. Esto conlleva tomar distancia de idolatrías contemporáneas".

scholarly journals L’État et la guerre

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Ninon Grangé
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Cette Condition

Résumé Walter Benjamin, Carl Schmitt puis Giorgio Agamben ont chacun remis en cause l’idée de norme, dans l’État confronté à la violence, à partir de la notion d’exception. Or l’état d’exception revient à traiter juridiquement d’une matière politique et à occulter le déclencheur, réel ou fantasmé, de l’exception juridique, à savoir la guerre. Une proposition pour comprendre conjointement la difficulté du droit à s’ajuster au surgissement de la violence et l’explosion des formes de guerre répertoriées par l’histoire, consiste à abandonner l’idée de fiction juridique au profit de « fictions politiques ». Ce faisant on substitue à la notion de norme celle, plus descriptive, du phénomène de la violence collective, de « référence » à un type abstrait de guerre pour mesurer les guerres réelles. C’est à cette condition que l’on peut repenser l’exception et son déclencheur, ainsi que l’indétermination première entre guerre extérieure et guerre intérieure.

The Aesthetic Taboo: Aura, Magic, and the Primitive

2018 ◽  
pp. 124-160
Author(s):  
David Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
The Aesthetic

“The Aesthetic Taboo” concerns the place of primitive anthropology in the aesthetic theory of Walter Benjamin and Theodor Adorno. It traces the influence of Freud’s Totem and Taboo through their work, in the concepts myth, magic, and aura. Neither thinker ever manages to escape the historical narrative of aesthetics: the transition from a state of necessity that defines the Savage as pathological subject, through a state of domination to an ideal state of freedom. Adorno and Benjamin continue to think within the traditions of Kant and Schiller. Yet in Aesthetic Theory magic images the sensuous remnant in the artwork that withstands rationalization. This “pathological” moment restores to the aesthetic its foundations in pleasure and pain and demands the destruction of the racial regime of representation. Its analogy with the Subaltern suggests another conception of life in common, predicated on the pains and pleasures of the pathological subject.

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