scholarly journals Efficacy of Fluopicolide against Phytophthora capsici Causing Pepper Phytophthora Blight

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ho Shin ◽  
Joo-Hyung Kim ◽  
Hyung-Jo Kim ◽  
Bumg-Wan Kang ◽  
Kyeong-Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Pepper Phytophthora Blight

scholarly journals Anti-fungal activity of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) leaf extract and its development into a botanical fungicide to control pepper phytophthora blight

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Liao ◽  
Xuexiang Ren ◽  
Quan Gao ◽  
Niuniu Liu ◽  
Feng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Pepper Phytophthora Blight

AbstractMoso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens, Gramineae) is a well-known medicinal and edible plant found in China with various bioactivities, but few systematic studies address the utilization of its anti-fungal activity. The extract of moso bamboo leaf showed good anti-fungal activity to Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium graminearum, Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Venturia nashicola, and Botrytis cinerea Pers, with inhibitory rate of 100.00%, 75.12%, 60.66%, 57.24%, 44.62%, and 30.16%, respectively. Anti-fungal activity was different by the difference of samples picking time and location. The extract showed good synergistic effects with carbendazim at the ratios of 9:1 and 15:1 (extract : carbendazim), and the co-toxicity coefficients were 124.4 and 139.95. Compound 2 was isolated and identified as the main active component, with the EC50 value of 11.02 mg L−1. Then, the extract was formulated as a 10% emulsion in water, which was stable and had no acute toxic effects. Moreover, a field trial about this formulation was assayed to control pepper phytophthora blight, with the control effect of 85.60%. These data provided a better understanding of the anti-fungal activity and relevant active component of moso bamboo leaf extract. Taken together, our findings illustrated that bamboo leaf extract could be developed and utilized as a botanical fungicide or fungicide adjuvant.

scholarly journals Fitness of Isolates of Phytophthora capsici Resistant to Mefenoxam from Squash and Pepper Fields in North Carolina

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 1439-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto C. Café-Filho ◽  
Jean Beagle Ristaino
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
First Time

Despite the wide adoption of mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold EC) for vegetables in North Carolina, the incidence of Phytophthora blight on pepper (Capsicum annuum) and squash (Cucurbita pepo) is high. Seventy-five isolates of Phytophthora capsici were collected in five pepper and one squash field in order to assess mefenoxam sensitivity. The relative fitness of resistant and sensitive isolates was contrasted in vitro by their respective rates of colony growth and their ability to produce sporangia in unamended V8 juice agar medium. In in vivo experiments, the aggressiveness of isolates on pepper was evaluated. The frequency of resistant isolates in North Carolina populations was 63%, considerably higher than resistance levels in areas where mefenoxam is not widely adopted. Resistant isolates grew on amended media at rates >80 to 90% and >100% of the nonamended control at 100 μg ml-1 and 5 μg ml-1, respectively. Sensitive isolates did not growth at 5 or 100 μg ml-1. All isolates from three fields, including two pepper and a squash field, were resistant to mefenoxam. Populations from other fields were composed of either mixes of sensitive and resistant isolates or only sensitive isolates. Response to mefenoxam remained stable during the course of in vitro and in planta experiments. Occurrence of a mefenoxam-resistant population of P. capsici on squash is reported here for the first time in North Carolina. When measured by rate of colony growth, sporulation in vitro, or aggressiveness in planta, fitness of resistant isolates was not reduced. Mefenoxam-resistant isolates from squash were as aggressive on pepper as sensitive or resistant pepper isolates. These results suggest that mefenoxam-resistant populations of P. capsici are as virulent and fit as sensitive populations.

scholarly journals Novel Peptide-Based Inhibitors for Microtubule Polymerization in Phytophthora capsici

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2641
Author(s):  
Sang-Choon Lee ◽  
Sang-Heon Kim ◽  
Rachel A. Hoffmeister ◽  
Moon-Young Yoon ◽  
Sung-Kun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Beta Tubulin ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Nanomolar Range

The plant disease Phytophthora blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici, is responsible for major economic losses in pepper production. Microtubules have been an attractive target for many antifungal agents as they are involved in key cellular events such as cell proliferation, signaling, and migration in eukaryotic cells. In order to design a novel biocompatible inhibitor, we screened and identified inhibitory peptides against alpha- and beta-tubulin of P. capsici using a phage display method. The identified peptides displayed a higher binding affinity (nanomolar range) and improved specificity toward P. capsici alpha- and beta-tubulin in comparison to Homo sapiens tubulin as evaluated by fluorometric analysis. One peptide demonstrated the high inhibitory effect on microtubule formation with a nanomolar range of IC50 values, which were much lower than a well-known chemical inhibitor—benomyl (IC50 = 500 µM). Based on these results, this peptide can be employed to further develop promising candidates for novel antifungal agents against Phytophthora blight.

Targeted selection of Trichoderma antagonists for control of pepper Phytophthora blight in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanpo Yao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhenlin Huang ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Changpo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Pepper Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Phytophthora capsici on Vegetable Crops in Georgia to Mandipropamid, Dimethomorph, and Cyazofamid

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Jackson ◽  
J. Yin ◽  
P. Ji
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Serious Disease

Phytophthora blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a serious disease in vegetable production, and selective use of fungicides continues to be a significant component of disease management programs. The effect of three chemical compounds—mandipropamid, dimethomorph, and cyazofamid—on asexual stages of P. capsici collected from bell pepper and cucurbits in Georgia was assessed in this study. Forty isolates of P. capsici were determined to be sensitive to mandipropamid and dimethomorph based on mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and sporangial production. Concentrations that were 50% effective (EC50 values) of mandipropamid that inhibited mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and sporangial production of the isolates averaged 0.03, 5.70, and 0.02 μg/ml, respectively. EC50 values of dimethomorph in inhibiting mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and sporangial production averaged 0.24, 0.10, and 0.46 μg/ml, respectively. The majority of isolates were either resistant or intermediately sensitive to cyazofamid at 500 μg/ml or lower concentrations based on mycelial growth or sporangial production, although all the isolates were sensitive to this compound based on zoospore germination, with an average EC50 of 0.04 μg/ml. The results indicated that P. capsici populations in Georgia have not developed resistance to mandipropamid and dimethomorph whereas, for the majority of the isolates, certain asexual stages were resistant to cyazofamid.

scholarly journals Baseline Sensitivity and Control Efficacy of Tetramycin Against Phytophthora capsici Isolates in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dicheng Ma ◽  
Jiamei Zhu ◽  
Leiming He ◽  
Kaidi Cui ◽  
Wei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

Tetramycin is a new biopesticide that combines high-level and broad-spectrum fungicidal activity, low toxicity, and environmental safety. In this study, 90 Phytophthora capsici isolates obtained from various regions in southern China were characterized for their baseline sensitivity to tetramycin. The protective and curative activities of tetramycin against P. capsici were determined on leaves of pepper, and the control efficacy of tetramycin in greenhouse experiments was also determined. Compared with mycelial growth, the formation of sporangia and the discharge of zoospores were inhibited by lower concentrations of tetramycin, approximately 5 µg ml−1 on V8 media. The frequency distribution curves for the tetramycin sensitivity were unimodal, with mean values for the fungicide concentration that reduced mycelial growth, sporangia formation, and zoospore discharge by 50% compared with the control of 1.18 ± 0.91, 0.64 ± 0.42, and 0.63 ± 0.30 µg ml−1, respectively. In addition, no correlation was observed between tetramycin and other fungicides tested, including mandipropamid, azoxystrobin, mefenoxam, fluazinam, fluopicolide, and famoxadone. Tetramycin exhibited both protective and curative effects against P. capsici in vitro, and its protective activity was better than its curative activity. In greenhouse experiments, tetramycin concentration of 60 and 90 µg ml−1 provided a protective control efficacy of 47.1 to 56.4% and curative efficacy of 43.3 to 52.7%. These results demonstrated that tetramycin could serve as an excellent alternative fungicide to control Phytophthora blight of pepper.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Muscodor albus for the Control of Phytophthora Blight of Sweet Pepper and Butternut Squash

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Camp ◽  
H. R. Dillard ◽  
C. D. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Pepper Cultivar ◽  
Muscodor Albus

The efficacy of Muscodor albus, a potential soil biofumigant, to control root and stem rot by Phytophthora capsici, was examined in a greenhouse study. P. capsici-infested potting mix was treated with three rates of M. albus, mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold EC, Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.), or nothing. Seedlings of five sweet pepper cultivars and one butternut squash cultivar were transplanted into the treated potting mix. After 7 days, the plants were rated on a scale of 0 (healthy) to 5 (dead). The experiment was conducted three times and there was a significant interaction between pepper cultivar and soil treatment. Treatment with the highest rate of M. albus resulted in a slight but significant reduction in disease severity on Alliance, Aristotle, Paladin, and Revolution pepper compared with the pathogen-only control, while no significant decreases in disease severity were observed with butternut squash or the highly susceptible pepper cv. Red Knight. Of the four less-susceptible pepper cultivars, Paladin (the most tolerant cultivar) was the only one on which M. albus, as applied in this study, reduced disease severity to commercially acceptable levels.

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