Social support and maternal stress during pregnancy: a PATH model

Background Early termination of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and postpartum depression (PPD) are both recognized as global health problems. Recent literature reviews demonstrate a notable link between PPD and breastfeeding outcomes, however, the underlying mechanisms linking the two remain unclear. Objectives The aim of the study is to: 1) explore the comparative risk for PPD among new mothers who terminated EBF before the 6-month mark, compared to those who did not; and 2) test whether maternal stress and social support operate to mediate and/or moderate the relationship between EBF and PPD. Methods Between October 2015 and January 2016, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 426 new mothers of Bangladesh who were six months postpartum. Results Based on the multivariate logistic regression model, non-exclusively breastfeeding mothers were 7.58-fold more likely to experience PPD (95% CI [3.94, 14.59]) than exclusively breastfeeding mothers. Additionally, maternal stress and social support not only partially mediate the relationship between EBF and PPD but also substantially moderate this relationship. Specifically, the odds of PPD are significantly higher among mothers who had early EBF interruption in conjunction with increased stress levels and limited social support. Conclusions Current evidence suggests that concurrent screening for EBF difficulties and maternal stress are important red flags that might hint at complications even before mother’s screen positive for PPD. Support and care from family members can provide assistance in overcoming this issue.

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Pre-entry Characteristics, Perceived Social Support, Adjustment and Academic Achievement in First-Year Spanish University Students: A Path Model

The Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1080/00223980.2017.1372351 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 151 (8) ◽

pp. 722-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

María Soledad Rodríguez ◽

Carolina Tinajero ◽

María Fernanda Páramo

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Academic Achievement ◽

University Students ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Path Model ◽

First Year

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Maternal stress and social support: Effects on the mother-infant relationship from birth to eighteen months.

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry ◽

10.1111/j.1939-0025.1984.tb01490.x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 224-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

Keith A. Crnic ◽

Mark T. Greenberg ◽

Nancy M. Robinson ◽

Arlene S. Ragozin

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Maternal Stress ◽

Support Effects

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Maternal stress, social support and preschool children's intelligence

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.05.005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 81 (10) ◽

pp. 815-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

R.F. Slykerman ◽

J.M.D. Thompson ◽

J.E. Pryor ◽

D.M.O. Becroft ◽

E. Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Maternal Stress

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Roles of Social Support and Social Skills in the Intercultural Adjustment of Japanese Adolescent Sojourners in the USA

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.2001.88.3c.1201 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 88 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1201-1210 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tomoko Yashima ◽

Tomoko Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

High School Students ◽

Social Skills ◽

Structural Equation ◽

The United States ◽

Path Model ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

School Students ◽

The Usa ◽

English Competence

Intercutlural adjustment of Japanese high school students who sojourned in the United States for one year is the focus of the study. Building relationships with host nationals using limited English competency is the challenge that seems basic to successful adjustment to life in the USA. A path model was constructed in which English competence leads to better social skills, which in turn affects the amount of social support gained from host nationals. This model was tested through structural equation modeling, and the model's fit to the data was satisfactory. The predictive roles of English proficiency and personality were suggested in a supplementary analysis.

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Association of Maternal Stress and Social Support During Pregnancy With Growth Marks in Children’s Primary Tooth Enamel

JAMA Network Open ◽

10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. e2129129

Author(s):

Rebecca V. Mountain ◽

Yiwen Zhu ◽

Olivia R. Pickett ◽

Alexandre A. Lussier ◽

Jill M. Goldstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Maternal Stress ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Primary Tooth

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Recursive Path Model for Health Literacy: The Effect of Social Support and Geographical Residence

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.724995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Éva Bíró ◽

Ferenc Vincze ◽

Gabriella Mátyás ◽

Karolina Kósa

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Path Model ◽

Determinants Of Health ◽

Sociodemographic Variables ◽

Permanent Residence ◽

Improve Health ◽

Recursive Path

Background: The public health relevance of health literacy is highlighted by the fact that its higher levels can improve health outcomes and reduce health inequities. In order to design effective interventions for improving health literacy, the relationship between health literacy and other factors such as sociodemographic variables, subjective health and social support must be understood.Objective: Our aim was to test a socioecological model of the determinants of health literacy with a special focus on the effect of residence. Our study investigated geographical differences regarding the levels of health literacy and its determinants as this was not investigated before in European nationwide surveys.Methods: Data was collected by a polling company in a sample (n = 1,200) of the Hungarian adult population nationally representative by age, gender, and permanent residence in 2019 January. The questionnaire included items on sociodemographic data, subjective well-being, social support, and two health literacy scales. A recursive path model was used to outline the mediating effect of social support between sociodemographic variables and health literacy where both direct and indirect effects of the explanatory variables and multiple relationships among the variables were analyzed simultaneously. Multiple-group analysis was applied to the three pre-set categories of permanent residence (capital city, urban and rural).Results: There was no statistically significant difference by residence regarding levels of health literacy. Social support and educational attainment were the most important determinants of health literacy after adjusting for the effect of other sociodemographic variables. However, the magnitude of effect of social support and educational attainment is different between types of settlements, the strongest being in rural areas.Conclusion: Social support seems to mediate the effect of socioeconomic position on health literacy which could be taken into account when designing interventions to improve health literacy, especially in rural areas. Further studies would be needed especially in rural communities to see whether improvement of social support could be utilized in projects to increase the level of health literacy.

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Caregivers—Who Copes How?

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/ag.69.3.d ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 221-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Neena L. Chappell ◽

Carren Dujela

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Coping Strategy ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Path Model ◽

Care Recipient ◽

Model Data ◽

Purposive Sample ◽

Major Emphasis ◽

Caregiver Capacity

Within gerontological caregiving research, there is a major emphasis on stresses and burdens of this role. Yet there has been little attention directed toward the coping strategies that caregivers engage in to cope with this role and the factors that influence their adoption of different coping strategies. This article examines coping strategies and change in coping strategy over a 1-year period. In particular the differential importance of caregiver capacity (such as social support, health, and personality) compared with careload (such as hours of caregiving and need of the care recipient) is examined within a path model. Data came from a purposive sample of caregivers experiencing heavy demands. Overall, problem-focused coping is used more often than emotion-focused coping (either positive or negative) or seeking social support, but caregivers use all types simultaneously. Caregiver capacity, specifically neuroticism, is the strongest predictor of problem-focused coping with those high in neuroticism less likely to use this strategy. High neuroticism also predicts less use overall and negative emotion-focused coping strategies. Few significant predictors emerge of change; those that did were caregiver capacity, not careload variables. The use of all coping strategies, except seeking social support which remained stable, decreased over a 1-year period.

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How does negative experience sharing influence happiness in online brand community? A dual-path model

Internet Research ◽

10.1108/intr-12-2018-0531 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 575-590

Author(s):

Zhimin Zhou ◽

Ge Zhan ◽

Nan Zhou

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Mobile Internet ◽

Path Model ◽

Brand Community ◽

Community Members ◽

Negative Experience ◽

Content Type ◽

Online Brand Community ◽

The Impact

Purpose Consumers share negative brand experience in many occasions to vent their emotion and seek support. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of negative sharing on members’ happiness in online brand communities by drawing from two opposing constructs: social support and social exclusion. Design/methodology/approach Both survey and experiment methods were employed to test the conceptual model. Online survey data were collected from 1,015 mobile internet users. Findings The findings reveal that negative sharing may enhance a sharer’s happiness through online social support particularly for novice community members. The findings also indicate greater online social exclusion for experienced members than for novice members. These findings cast doubt on the widely held assumption that increased engagement in a community will always produces positive outcomes. The moderating effect of membership duration is confirmed with an experiment of MI’s brand community members. Research limitations/implications The study of happiness in online brand community sheds new light on consumer–brand and user–community relationships. Originality/value While most previous studies on negative sharing only explored the negative side of consequences, the authors contribute to this line of research by introducing both positive (social support) and negative (social exclusion) outcomes of negative reviews. The model also explains the conditions under which negative reviews enhance social support and social exclusion.

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