Caregivers—Who Copes How?

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neena L. Chappell ◽  
Carren Dujela
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Purposive Sample ◽  
Major Emphasis ◽  
Caregiver Capacity

Within gerontological caregiving research, there is a major emphasis on stresses and burdens of this role. Yet there has been little attention directed toward the coping strategies that caregivers engage in to cope with this role and the factors that influence their adoption of different coping strategies. This article examines coping strategies and change in coping strategy over a 1-year period. In particular the differential importance of caregiver capacity (such as social support, health, and personality) compared with careload (such as hours of caregiving and need of the care recipient) is examined within a path model. Data came from a purposive sample of caregivers experiencing heavy demands. Overall, problem-focused coping is used more often than emotion-focused coping (either positive or negative) or seeking social support, but caregivers use all types simultaneously. Caregiver capacity, specifically neuroticism, is the strongest predictor of problem-focused coping with those high in neuroticism less likely to use this strategy. High neuroticism also predicts less use overall and negative emotion-focused coping strategies. Few significant predictors emerge of change; those that did were caregiver capacity, not careload variables. The use of all coping strategies, except seeking social support which remained stable, decreased over a 1-year period.

scholarly journals Does social support matter? The mediating links with coping strategy and anxiety among Chinese college students in a cross-sectional study of COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
Jun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Coping ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Coping

Abstract Background The provision of public adaptive coping strategies to reduce psychological tension during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is critical. We sought to provide evidence-based guidance for psychological intervention, exploring the potential mediating roles of three sources of social support (i.e., subjective support, family support and counselor support) between coping strategies (i.e., cognitive coping, emotional coping and behavioral coping), and anxiety among college students at the height of the pandemic in China. Methods Using the Coping Strategy Questionnaire, Social Support Questionnaire, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, this large-scale online study analyzed the levels of social support, coping, and anxiety among 2640 college students in China from February 21st to 24th, 2020, when the students had been isolated at home for 1 month since the lockdown of Wuhan city. Results Students reported high levels of cognitive coping, behavioral coping, and social support. They also experienced low levels of anxiety and emotional coping. Anxiety was significantly and negatively related to coping and social support. The mediating roles of three sources of social support were found between cognitive coping, behavioral coping, and anxiety, respectively. However, the effect of emotional coping on anxiety was not found to be mediated by social support. Conclusions Adopting positive coping strategies may enhance social support that in turn relieves anxiety. The effect of social support, especially family and counselor support, should arouse greater awareness in coping with the pandemic cognitively and behaviorally.

scholarly journals Stress and coping strategies in a sample of South African managers involved in post-graduate managerial studies

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judora J. Spangenberg ◽  
Mark R. Orpen-Lyall
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
South African ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Social Support Seeking ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
And Coping

To examine the relationships between stress levels and, respectively, stressor appraisal, coping strategies and bio- graphical variables, 107 managers completed a biographical questionnaire. Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire, and Coping Strategy Indicator. Significant negative correlations were found between stress levels and appraisal scores on all work-related stressors. An avoidant coping strategy explained significant variance in stress levels in a model also containing social support-seeking and problem-solving coping strategies. It was concluded that an avoidant coping strategy probably contributed to increased stress levels. Female managers experienced significantly higher stress levels and utilized a social support-seeking coping strategy significantly more than male managers did. Opsomming Om die verband tussen stresvlakke en, onderskeidelik, taksering van stressors, streshanteringstrategiee en biografiese veranderlikes te ondersoek, het 107 bestuurders n biografiese vraelys, Ervaring vanWerk- en Lewensomstandighedevraelys en Streshanteringstrategieskaal voltooi. Beduidende negatiewe korrelasies is aangetref tussen stresvlakke en takseringtellings ten opsigte van alle werkverwante stressors. 'nVermydende streshantermgstrategie het beduidende variansie in stresvlakke verklaar in n model wat ook sosiale ondersteuningsoekende en pro-bleemoplossende streshanteringstrategiee ingesluit het. Die gevolgtrekking is bereik dat n vermydende stres- hanteringstrategie waarskynlik bygedra het tot verhoogde stresvlakke. Vroulike bestuurders het beduidend hoer stresvlakke ervaar en het n sosiale ondersteuningsoekende streshanteringstrategie beduidend meer gebnnk as manlike bestuurders.

Coping, Social Support, and injury: Changes Over Time and the Effects of Level of Sports involvement

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne H. Johnston ◽  
Douglas Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Sports Involvement ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Objectives:To examine the coping strategies used after injury and the provision of and satisfaction with social support as functions of sport involvement and stage of rehabilitation.Design/Patiesits:Complete data were available at 3 points (beginning, middle, and end of formal rehabilitation) for 93 patients, all of whom had sustained injury restricting normal functioning for at least 21 days.Results/Conclusions:Coping varied as a function of stage in rehabilitation, with patients deploying all strategies more at the beginning of rehabilitation. There was little variation in coping and social support, although those more involved in sport adopted a support-seeking coping strategy to a greater extent. Irrespective of sports-involvement status, women were more satisfied with practical and emotional support. Those who were more involved in sport were judged by their physiotherapists to be better adherents. Adoption of an emotional discharge coping strategy was negatively associated with adherence throughout rehabilitation.

scholarly journals OVERCOMING STRATEGIES AND TOLERANCE TO UNCERTAINTY OF STUDENTS OF SENIOR CLASSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Оксана Эриковна Джабарова
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Представлены результаты проведенного эмпирического исследования по проблеме стратегий преодоления и толерантность к неопределенности учащихся старших классов. С помощью полученных данных в исследовании выявлена взаимосвязь стратегий преодоления и толерантность к неопределенности учащихся старших классов. Выявлены значимые положительные связи толерантности к неопределенности и стратегий преодоления - например, прямая связь с конструктивной стратегией преодоления «поиск социальной поддержки». Presents the results of empirical a study on coping strategies and tolerance for uncertainty in high school students. Using the data obtained, the study revealed the relationship between coping strategies and tolerance for uncertainty in high school students. Significant positive relationships of tolerance to uncertainty and coping strategies have been identified, for example, a direct relationship with the constructive coping strategy «search for social support».

scholarly journals Adolescents’ Coping Strategies Influence Their Psychosocial Well-Being

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanda L. Zammuner
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Problem Orientation ◽  
Strategy Type ◽  
Social Loneliness

Aims: Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by many physical, psychological and social transformations, eliciting experiences of emotional arousal that might increase psychopathology risk (e.g. affective and behavioral disorders). The study tested adolescents' use of coping strategies and their psychosocial well-being. Methods: Participants (N 1060) were Italian students, 14 to 21 years old, attending senior high school or first years of university, who completed a survey. Psychosocial well-being, and its relation to coping strategy use, was assessed by measuring subjective health perception, life satisfaction, positive and negative felt affect, emotional and social loneliness. Results: Adolescents were found to use the healthier strategies of Seeking social support, Problem Orientation, and Positive attitude more than the less functional strategy of Avoidance; a Transcending Orientation was also not much reported. Preferences for strategy type formed a coherent pattern - e.g., Problem Orientation was positively associated with Positive attitude. Preferences for strategy type were significantly associated to well-being levels in the expected direction. Avoidance was found to be the most important coping strategy, negatively associated with most well-being indicators, e.g. predicting greater Emotional loneliness, and lower perceived Health; vice versa, Seeking social support and Problem solving were associated with lesser Social loneliness and higher levels of Positive affect and Life satisfaction. Although result patterns were quite similar across age groups and sex, some differences were observed. Conclusion: Preferences for more or less functional coping strategies impact on well-being, suggesting that a better understanding of these processes in adolescence and early adulthood may help us understand individual differences in mental health and adjustment.

scholarly journals Children’s Emotions after Exposure to News: Investigating Chat Conversations with Peers as a Coping Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Ebbinkhuijsen ◽  
Kirsten E. Bevelander ◽  
Moniek Buijzen ◽  
Mariska Kleemans
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
Condition Versus ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Before And After ◽  
News Video

AbstractHardly any research has been conducted regarding coping strategies that children can use in response to negative news, although they are frequently exposed to and emotionally affected by such news. Chat conversations with peers about the news could be a coping strategy for children in this regard. To investigate this, children (N = 307; 46.3% girls; Mage = 10.51; SDage = 0.98; range 8–13 years old) participated in a preregistered experiment in which their emotions were measured before and after exposure to a news video on a smartphone and also after a postexposure activity (i.e., chatting about the news as an experimental condition versus chatting about something else or solving a puzzle as control conditions). The results showed that the decrease in negative emotions and the increase in positive emotions were weaker for children who chatted about the news than for those in the control conditions. Thus, seeking social support in online chat conversations did not have the anticipated effect—and might even have an adverse effect.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Students’ Negative Coping Strategies with School Violence and Social Support Factors: A Case Study in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. p31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Mai Huong ◽  
Nguyen Thu Trang
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Negative Coping

This study examined relationships between the social support factors such as peer relations (3 items), teacher influences (6 items), familial influences (5 items) and the negative coping strategies of students experiencing school violence including negative thought (5 items); negative emotion (7 items) and negative action (8 items).Participants were a sample of 482 students from four middle schools around Hanoi who had experienced at least 1 violence or more participating in the study. They are distributed relatively evenly by school and from grades 6 to 9. The major finding was social support factors (peer relationships, teacher-student relationship and school environment and family relationships) and negative coping strategies were negatively correlated (p<0.01). Students who had negative relationships with friends, teachers, and family members often showed negative coping strategies after experiencing school violence. The article proposes the solution of social work intervention in building a safe and friendly environment to minimize the negative coping strategies of students at schools.

scholarly journals The Influence of Social Support and Ability Perception on Coping Strategies for Competitive Stress in Soccer Players: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Dai ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Wenhui Ma ◽  
Chengwei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Primary Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: To explore the effect of social support and ability perception on stress coping strategies for competitive stress, and to reveal the mediating effects of primary and secondary evaluation, so as to further improve the theoretical model of stress coping in soccer players.Methods: A total of 331 male athletes from 22 teams in the Chengdu Middle School Campus Football League were taken as survey samples, and surveys were conducted on their stress experience, social support, ability perception, cognitive assessment, and coping strategies for competition stress. SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical analysis software were used. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to process the obtained data.Results: (1) Positive primary assessment acted as a full mediator in the relationship between social support and secondary assessments, and negative primary assessment acted as a partial mediator in the relationship between competence perception and secondary assessments; (2) Secondary assessment played a partial mediating role between positive primary assessment and positive coping strategies, and a full mediating role between negative primary assessment and positive coping strategies; (3) Secondary assessments played the mediator neither between social support and a coping strategy for stress nor competence perception and a coping strategy for stress; (4) Positive primary assessment, positive negative assessment, and secondary assessment all had significant positive benefits for positive coping. Still, the impact of positive primary assessment on positive coping was significantly better than negative primary assessment and secondary assessment.Conclusion: The coping strategy for the competitive stress model proposed by this study has a very good fit for the causal model. It can be used to explain the observed data from soccer players in middle schools. The primary and secondary assessments play different roles in the model. The combination of problem focuses and emotional focus on the positive stress coping strategy is suitable in the field of competitive sports. Still, the relevant research results need to be further explored and verified in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Quality of life, Social Support and Coping Strategies and Illness Adjustment in patients with breast cancer: Across sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Okati-Aliabad ◽  
Alireza Ansari-Moghadam ◽  
Mahdi Mohammadi ◽  
Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi ◽  
Shiva Kargar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Illness Adjustment ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Background: This study aimed to assess the quality of life (QOL), social support and coping strategies, and illness adjustment among breast cancer patients in general and on type of breast surgery.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb and Khatam-Al-Anbia hospitals in Zahedan, Iran, 2020. We recruited patients with breast cancer who underwent lumpectomy(n=44), mastectomy(n=64), and not any surgery (n=15) by census method. Data collection tools were the breast cancer-specific module (QLQ-BR 23), The adjustment to illness measurement inventory for Iranian women with breast cancer (AIMI- IBC), and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) questionnaires. We performed statistical analysis by ANOVA, independent sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U-test, and multiple linear regression analysis to adjust for covariates.Results: We recruited a total of 120 patients with breast cancer in this survey. 53.3% of patients underwent a mastectomy, 34.2% lumpectomy, and 12.5% of patients had not been surgery. Patients in the functioning scale reported high scores for body image (mean=78.61, SD=26.69) and future perspective (mean=55.27, SD=26.71). Patients on the symptom scale had a high score upset by hair loss (mean= 49.16, SD=38.88). Generally, patients received a high social support level, especially from family members, and used a positive coping strategy to have high illness adjustment more than a negative coping strategy. Also, patients who underwent lumpectomy had a better sexual life and body image and more illness adjustment than the other two groups of patients.Conclusion: Early detection of the disease, support for patients, and educational programs to use appropriate coping strategies can improve breast cancer women's quality of life and disease adaptation.

scholarly journals STRATEGI KOPING PADA PELANGGAR QANUN JINAYAH DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Affan Maulana Ghiffari ◽  
Haiyun Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Wishful Thinking ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Aceh Province

Qanun Jinayah violators who are serve a period of detention experience various psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, phobias, and anti-social personality. To be able deal with these various problems, Qanun Jinayat violators need a coping strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of coping strategies in Qanun Jinayat violators in terms of gender. The sample in this study consisted of 13 male and 13 female who violated Qanun Jinayat in several prison in Aceh province. To identify coping strategies used by Jinayat lawbreakers, researcher used the WCCL-ASIAN scale with results of data analysis showed p = 0,588 for problem focused coping strategies, the results of data analysis showed p = 0,551 for seek social support coping strategies, the results of data analysis showed p = 0,231 for blame self coping strategies, the results of data analysis showed p = 0,300 for wishful thinking coping strategies, and results data analysis shows p = 0,036 for avoidance coping strategies. The results showed that there were no differences in problem focused, seek social support, blame self, and wishful thinking coping strategies, but there are difference in avoidance coping strategies for Qanun Jinayah violators, both male and female.

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