scholarly journals A critical study on parameters controlling water requirement or wheat  Triticum aestivum L.) at various growth stages in ten different agroclimatic zones

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
A. KASHYAPI ◽  
R.C. DUBEY
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Agroclimatic Zone ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones ◽  
Different Growth Stages

ABSTRACT.  The parameters controlling water requirement of wheat and its crop data, at various critical growth stages from ten different agroclimatic zones for five years. were collected and analysed. The study revealed that the total CU-demand for wheat crop in different wheat growing zones varied from 160 to 465 mm of water. In most of the zones, peak CU-demand were either at milk stage (21.0% of the total CU demand or at different stages (19.5% of the total CU-demand). Rabi season rainfall was not sufficient to meet the crop C.U-demand at different growth stages. The soil moisture study revealed that its depletion started around tillering stage indicating thereby, need for irrigation water beyond that stale. Computed average Kc, values (throughout the crop growth period) varied from 0.36 to 1.05 in different agroclimatic zones. Growth stage-wise K, values at or after elongation stage even exceeded one. Wheat yield in various agroclimatic zone varied from 1900 to 4800 kg/ha with the average productivity of 17 to 26 kg/ha/day. The WUE of the crop in different zones lay between 5 to 17 kg of grain/ha/mm of water. Depending upon this study wheat growing areas were divided into six zones.  

scholarly journals Influence of sulphur aerosols on physiological, yield and yield attributing of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using principal component analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-373
Author(s):  
Babithraj Gaddameedi ◽  
Bhagawan Bharali ◽  
Soibam Helena Devi
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Spike Initiation ◽  
Total Diversity ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Among several constrains curtailing the yield potential of a crop, lack of proper mineral nutrition in particular sulphur management, a nutrient that is needed in trace amount but essential for plant growth is more alarming. Sulphur is the main source of protein particularly for cereal crop. An experiment was conducted to find out influence of sulphur aerosols on morpho-physiological, yield, and yield traits of wheat. S-aerosols viz., (NH4)2SO4, CaSO4, and K2SO4: @ 300 ppm each (?30 kg N ha-1) along with a control were misted on the plants, on sunny days in the afternoon (after 2–3 P.M.) at three different growth stages i.e. seedling, maximum tillering and spike initiation stages. Therefore, a total concentration of each S-aerosols was 900 ppm ? 0.9%.Genotypes (viz., GW-322, GW-366, GW-273, GW-173, JW-336) were raised both under Pot culture (Expt.1) and field  (Expt.2) observations recorded are : LA, LAI, SLW, Tiller numbers, No. of seed per spike, length of spike, spike weight, TW, BY, EY, HI. The investigation was carried out aiming to test the hypothesis that foliar fed Sulphur aerosols influence economic yield of wheat crop positively. The genotype GW-366 was the most responsive in physiological traits and GW-273 for yield traits under the influence of foliar fertilization with S-aerosols. Among the S-aerosols, (NH4)2SO4 was the most effective in the work. The results in this experiment are contribution of Sulphur aerosols using PCA towards total diversity.

scholarly journals Spring wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.) when applying selenium fertilizers in extreme growing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
I I Seregina ◽  
I G Makarskaya ◽  
A S Tsygutkin ◽  
I V Kirichkova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract To study the effect of sodium Selenite application different methods on the yield of spring wheat varieties, depending on the conditions of water supply, a series of vegetation experiments in accordance with the methodology were carried out. The object of the study is spring wheat of the Zlata variety (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the effect of selenium on the yield of wheat of the Zlata variety depended on the method of its application and the conditions of water supply. With optimal water supply, the positive effect of selenium on the yield of spring wheat plants was revealed with both methods of applying sodium selenite. It was found that in conditions of drought, the positive effect of selenium was obtained with both methods of using sodium selenite. The greatest efficiency of selenium is obtained in foliar processing of plants. The increase in grain weight in this variant was 1.4 times. The increase in the share of the agronomic significant part of the wheat crop yield to 36% is shown, which indicates the decrease in the negative effect of drought on the formation of spring wheat yield when using foliar processing of plants.

Analyses of Aerosol Concentrations and Bacterial Community Structures for Closed Cage Broiler Houses at Different Broiler Growth Stages in Winter

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1557-1564
Author(s):  
LINLIN JIANG ◽  
JIANLONG ZHANG ◽  
JINXIU TANG ◽  
MENG LI ◽  
XIAOYU ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Dynamic Pattern ◽  
Different Growth Stages

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to analyze the aerosol concentrations and microbial community structures in closed cage broiler houses at different broiler growth stages to assess the dynamic pattern of microbial aerosols in closed cage systems. Our results revealed that the total concentration of bacterial aerosols gradually increased during the growth cycle of broilers. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA revealed that microbial compositions differed tremendously during different growth stages, although Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant taxa in samples from all broiler growth stages. At the genus level, dominant phylotypes displayed great variation during different growth stages. Escherichia and Shigella were the most dominant taxa throughout the growth cycle, increasing from 4.3 to 12.4% as the broilers grew. The alpha index revealed that the microbial diversity displayed significant differences between the different growth stages and that the bacterial community had the highest diversity when broilers were 22 days old. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed that environmental microbes and opportunistic pathogens had relatively high abundances during the winter growth period. The data revealed the composition and aerodynamic diameters of microbial aerosols in closed cage broiler houses at different broiler growth stages in winter. The results also enabled us to elucidate the dynamic pattern of microbial aerosols in broiler houses in response to bacterial communities. Our results may provide a basis for developing technologies for air quality control in caged poultry houses.

SENSITIVITY OF CROP PLANTS TO WATER STRESS AT SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES: REEVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Uniform Reduction ◽  
Different Growth Stages

It has been suggested that in many crops differences in sensitivity to water stress occur at different growth stages. Since identical amounts of water may be applied, irrespective of whether a crop is exposed to relatively severe and short periods of stress or to extended periods of mild stress, the responses to such differing conditions should be compared. Unfortunately, such a comparison has not been conducted in most studies on sensitivity to water stress at different growth stages. In the present study, based on three field experiments conducted for different purposes, such a comparison was made for three crops: corn, sunflower, and tomato. In corn, distinct responses of ear and kernel yields to the timing of water stress were found. Withdrawal of irrigation water during flowering and cob formation resulted in greater yield losses than during other stages, indicating that this is a critical growth stage. However, slight and uniform reduction of water during the entire growth period resulted in significantly less damage to kernel or ear production, although the total amount of water applied was similar to that under staged withdrawal. In sunflowers, the withdrawal of irrigation water even at noncritical growth stages caused a more marked reduction in grain yield than did a uniform reduction throughout the entire season. In tomatoes, on the other hand, the withdrawal of irrigation water during specific growth stages caused minimal damage to fruit and total soluble solids yield as compared with fully irrigated control; reduction of irrigation water throughout the season brought about a significant decrease in yield. The difference between these crops is interpreted on the basis of the determinance of their floral meristems.

scholarly journals SUNFLOWER COMPETITION IN WHEAT

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREG R. GILLESPIE ◽  
STEPHEN D. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Field Season

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is grown in rotation with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the upper midwest of the U.S.A. However, volunteer sunflower is often a problem in wheat planted the year following sunflower. Wheat yields as influenced by wheat seeding date and sunflower density, duration of sunflower competition and rate of sunflower control were determined in the field. Season-long sunflower competition at densities of 3, 9, and 23 plants per square metre reduced yield of the following wheat crop by an average of 11, 19, and 33%, respectively, averaged over seeding date and location. Sunflower was more competitive with wheat seeded in late than in early May, particularly at the lower sunflower densities. Wheat yield was reduced 22% when 24 sunflower plants/m2 were allowed to compete until the wheat flag-leaf stage. Wheat yields obtained were similar when volunteer sunflower was controlled by postemergence MCPA [[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid], bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), or bromoxynil plus MCPA despite the slower rate of control with MCPA compared to bromoxynil or bromoxynil plus MCPA. This research indicates that wheat following sunflower should be planted early and sunflower densities of nine plants per square metre or higher should be removed before the flag-leaf stage to prevent yield reductions.Key words: Density, duration, bromoxynil, MCPA, Helianthus annuus, Triticum aestivum

HOE 23408, A NEW SELECTIVE HERBICIDE FOR WILD OATS AND GREEN FOXTAIL IN WHEAT AND BARLEY

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. FRIESEN ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail

A series of field, growth chamber, and laboratory experiments showed that HOE 23408 [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy propionic acid methyl ester] as a post-emergence herbicide provided selective control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and green foxtail (Seteria viridis L. Beauv.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) equal to or better than barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) over a growth period extending from the 2- to 5-leaf stages in both weed species. Wheat was highly tolerant to HOE 23408 at all growth stages, while with barley there was some leaf mottling and suppression of both shoot and root development. The 6-row cultivars Gait, Bonanza and Conquest largely recovered from the effects, but the 2-row cultivar Betzes suffered significant yield reduction. HOE 23408 moved mainly in an acropetal direction when applied to different parts of the wild oats plant. Application made on or below the meristematic area of the stem apex caused necrosis and eventual death of the entire plant. Phytotoxicity following soil application was markedly less than with foliar application. Indications were that it was also more phytotoxic to the emerging weeds via shoot than via root contact. Although HOE 23408 is relatively insoluble in water, it leached to a limited extent in soils.

Alternatives to summerfallow and subsequent wheat and barley yield on a Dark Brown soil

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Suitable Alternative

A number of alternative options to summerfallow are feasible on the Dark Brown soils of the Canadian prairies. These include recropping to cereal or pulse crops, as well as use of summerfallow substitute crops, such as legume green manures. The objective of this study was to evaluate these options for their impact on the productivity of subsequent crops. Green-manure lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.), incorporated at either the bud or full-bloom stage of growth, field pew (Pisum sativum L.), grain lentil, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown as grain were compared with conventional summerfallow for their impact on yield of a succeeding wheat crop and of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown the year after wheat on a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil at Scott, Saskatchewan. During the 5-yr period, 1984–1988, above-ground dry-matter production of green-manure lentil averaged 500 kg ha−1 at the bud stage of growth but more than doubled to 3170 kg ha−1, by full bloom. Grain yield of field pea averaged 1470 kg ha−1, while that of grain lentil, unfertilized wheat, and N-fertilized wheat averaged 1220, 1290 and 1490 kg ha−1, respectively. Considerable year-to-year yield variation occurred with all crops, variability being greatest for lentil. Yield of wheat grown after lentil green manure was similar to yield of wheat on summerfallow (2340 kg ha−1) during each of the 5 yr for both early (2360 kg ha−1) and late (2250 kg ha−1) incorporation. Wheat yield after pea (2210 kg ha−1) or grain lentil (2080 kg ha−) was reduced in 1987, but it was equal to wheat yield after summerfallow during the remaining 4 yr. Yield of wheat on wheat stubble, whether fertilized with N (1830 kg ha−1) or not (1610 kg ha−1), was generally lower than on summerfallow. Yield of barley grown the following year was generally unaffected by summerfallow or summerfallow substitute treatments. The higher value and similar productivity of pea and grain lentil, compared with wheat, combined with their favourable impact on subsequent wheat yield, should make these crops attractive alternatives to summerfallow. On fields unsuited to pea or grain lentil production, lentil green manures may be a suitable alternative to summerfallow because they should reduce soil degradation, although lentil green manures leave little residue to protect against soil erosion where through incorporation is practised. Summerfallow or green manure incorporated early or late generally resulted in greater available soil water and N for a succeeding crop than did grain lentil, pea or wheat. Key words: Green manuring, legume effect, recropping, lentil, grain yield, summerfallow alternatives

scholarly journals Validation of Crop Coefficients and Water Requirement of Maize Crop in the Temperate Climatic Region of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5132-5138
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Crop Coefficients

The field study was conducted on Lysimeter by employing the soil water balance method to compute the water requirement and Crop coefficient of Maize in the temperate climatic zone of India. Non-weighing type lysimeters (drainage type) of 2 × 1.5 × 2 m was installed to compute the irrigation requirement, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and actual crop coefficient of maize by water balance method. The water requirement of maize was found 410.4 mm using lysimeter data. The mean daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) of maize ranged from 0.91 mm/day in the starting growth period to 5.29 mm/day at midseason. The peak ETo of Maize was found 6.3mm/day. The computed crop coefficient (Kc) values of Maize for diffrent crop growth stages were 0.53 for intial, 0.93 for development , 1.05 for mid-season, and 0.78 for late season .A Correlation was also established between Penman-Monteith (P-M) and four other reference Evapotranspiration methods.

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