scholarly journals Inter-annual and intra-seasonal variation of some characteristics of monsoon disturbances formed over the Bay

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
J. RAJENDRA KUMAR ◽  
S. K. DASH
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Vertical Extent ◽  
Individual System ◽  
Westward Movement ◽  
Tropospheric Heating ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Monsoon Disturbance ◽  
Monsoon Disturbances

The characteristics of monsoon disturbances during drought and flood years for the period 1971-96 are studied to find out their inter-annual variations. Variations of some of the characteristics of monsoon disturbances formed over Bay during 1979-88, with respect to different monsoon conditions such as strong, weak and break monsoons, are also studied. The results show that monsoon disturbance days are higher during flood years than during drought years. Drought years are associated with higher chances of low pressure areas to intensity into depressions, less westward movement, more horizontal extent, intense pressure departure from normal in comparison with flood years. However, more monsoon disturbances tilt significantly during flood years. The rainfall associated with these disturbances is highly variable and does not depend on the density, horizontal and vertical extent of the individual system. More number of lows intensify into depressions during strong monsoon conditions compared to those of weak monsoon conditions. Lows and depressions during strong monsoons have more westward movement and longer life period. Generally, very few lows form during break monsoon and none of them intensify into depression. Hence, the presence of mid-tropospheric heating during strong and weak monsoons is essential for the formation of depression. Synoptic systems which abate break monsoon condition and re-establish normal monsoon are also discussed.

scholarly journals Community Global Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Package (CGOP): Assessment and Validation of the OSSE System Using an OSSE–OSE Intercomparison of Summary Assessment Metrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2061-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid-Ahmed Boukabara ◽  
Kayo Ide ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Narges Shahroudi ◽  
Ross N. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Simulation ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Real Data ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Individual System ◽  
Assessment Metrics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Observing System Simulation Experiment

AbstractObserving system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are used to simulate and assess the impacts of new observing systems planned for the future or the impacts of adopting new techniques for exploiting data or for forecasting. This study focuses on the impacts of satellite data on global numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Since OSSEs are based on simulations of nature and observations, reliable results require that the OSSE system be validated. This validation involves cycles of assessment and calibration of the individual system components, as well as the complete system, with the end goal of reproducing the behavior of real-data observing system experiments (OSEs). This study investigates the accuracy of the calibration of an OSSE system—here, the Community Global OSSE Package (CGOP) system—before any explicit tuning has been performed by performing an intercomparison of the OSSE summary assessment metrics (SAMs) with those obtained from parallel real-data OSEs. The main conclusion reached in this study is that, based on the SAMs, the CGOP is able to reproduce aspects of the analysis and forecast performance of parallel OSEs despite the simplifications employed in the OSSEs. This conclusion holds even when the SAMs are stratified by various subsets (the tropics only, temperature only, etc.).

scholarly journals The Individual System in Winnetka

1920 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleton W. Washburne
Keyword(s):  
Individual System ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Justification of the parameter that determines the ability of turbochargers of agricultural machinery engines to function

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00052
Author(s):  
Robert Galimov ◽  
Ilgiz Galiev ◽  
Alexander Kulakov ◽  
Engel Galimov
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Individual System ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Regular Mode

As a result of the analysis of statistics on the main failures of the turbocharger of tractor engines in agricultural production, it can be concluded that it is the condition of its bearing node, in the first place, determines the performance of the entire turbocharger. This ultimately affects the duration of the turbocharger rotor after the engine stops. The article considers the method of determining the rotation time of the turbocharger rotor by inertia depending on the following factors: the time of the pressure drop in the turbocharger grease system, the gap in the turbocharger bearing node, the frequency of rotation of the rotor before the engine stops. The results of experimental studies on the timing of the turbocharger rotor rotation after the engine stop for the regular mode of greasing the bearing node and when using an individual lubricant system are presented. Based on the experimental values obtained, it is concluded that the main indicator of the performance of the turbocharger is the duration of rotation of its rotor after the engine stops and the application of the individual system of lubrication of the bearing node of the turbocharger reduces the cost of bearing resource and increases the resource of the entire turbocharger of agricultural machinery engines at least twice.

scholarly journals The Individual System in Winnetka

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Carleton W. Washburne
Keyword(s):  
Individual System ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of temperatures between 1 and 105 km altitude at 54° N observed by lidar

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 16175-16218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gerding ◽  
J. Höffner ◽  
J. Lautenbach ◽  
M. Rauthe ◽  
F.-J. Lübken
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Annual Component ◽  
Constant Altitude ◽  
First Time ◽  
Aerosol Backscatter

Abstract. Temperature soundings are performed by lidar at the mid-latitude station of Kühlungsborn (Germany, 54° N, 12° E). The profiles cover the complete range from the lower troposphere (~1 km) to the lower thermosphere (~105 km) by simultaneous and co-located operation of a Rayleigh-Mie-Raman lidar and a potassium resonance lidar. Observations have been done during 266 nights between June 2002 and July 2007, each of 3–15 h length. This large and unique data set provides comprehensive information on the altitudinal and seasonal variation of temperatures from the troposphere to the lower thermosphere. The remaining day-to-day-variability is strongly reduced by harmonic fits at constant altitude levels and a representative data set is achieved. This data set reveals a two-level mesopause structure with an altitude of about 86–87 km (~144 K) in summer and ~102 km (~170 K) during the rest of the year. The average stratopause altitude is ~48 km throughout the whole year, with temperatures varying between 258 and 276 K. From the fit parameters amplitudes and phases of annual, semi-annual, and quarter-annual variations are derived. The amplitude of the annual component is largest with amplitudes of up to 30 K in 85 km, while the quarter-annual variation is smallest and less than 3 K at all altitudes. The lidar data set is compared with ECMWF temperatures below about 70 km altitude and reference data from the NRLMSISE-00 model above. Apart from the temperature soundings the aerosol backscatter ratio is measured between 20 and 35 km. The seasonal variation of these values is presented here for the first time.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Solute Concentration in Melt Waters Draining from an Alpine Glacier

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Alpine Glacier ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Discharge Regime ◽  
Almost All

Electrical conductivity of melt waters draining from the portal of Gornergletscher, Switzerland, was recorded continuously for extended periods during the 1978‐79 hydrological year. Conductivity was used as a surrogate measure of the total dissolved solids concentration in melt water to describe the seasonal variation of solute, and its relation to discharge, in an attempt to use melt-water hydrochemistry as an indicator of the nature of subglacial processes within an alpine glacier. In winter, conductivity was 2 to 10 times higher than during the summer ablation season. and also showed considerable diurnal and annual variations independent of discharge. The transition from winter to summer discharge regime was preceded by falling solute concentration. A distribution shaped as a “triangle-with-spike” describes the complex relationship between discharge and electrical conductivity for the annual cycle of run-off. Almost all the solute load from beneath Gornergletscher is evacuated during summer. Melt-water hydrochemistry provides some insight into the nature of sub-glacial chemical processes, but, since melt waters do not appear to have access to all areas of the glacier bed, it probably under-estimates total chemical activity.

scholarly journals Variation in fecal egg counts in horses managed for conservation purposes: individual egg shedding consistency, age effects and seasonal variation

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. D. WOOD ◽  
J. B. MATTHEWS ◽  
S. STEPHENSON ◽  
M. SLOTE ◽  
D. H. NUSSEY
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYCyathostomins are the most prevalent equine intestinal parasites and resistance has been reported in these nematodes against all 3 licensed anthelmintic classes. Strategies need to be developed that are less dependent upon drugs and more reliant on management-based control. To develop these we need to understand natural transmission patterns better. Here, we analysed longitudinal fecal egg count (FEC) data from 5 pony populations used for conservation purposes. We tested how egg excretion varied amongst populations and individuals, and how this was affected by age and climate. There was evidence for consistency in FECs over time at the individual level; this was generally weak and accounted for <10% of the total variance. Animals <5 years old had higher FECs and there was profound seasonal variation in FECs, with highest levels recorded in spring/summer. Effects of monthly temperature and rainfall explained most, but not all, of the observed seasonal variation and associations between climate measures and FECs were stronger in younger versus adult animals. One population was occasionally treated with anthelmintics and analysis of this population suggested that treatment substantially altered the seasonal dynamics. This paper highlights the variability in strongyle egg excretion amongst individuals and the factors involved in this variation.

scholarly journals A Genesis Index for Monsoon Disturbances

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 5189-5203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Ditchek ◽  
William R. Boos ◽  
Suzana J. Camargo ◽  
Michael K. Tippett
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Vertical Shear ◽  
Tropical Cyclone Genesis ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Australian Monsoon ◽  
Cyclone Genesis ◽  
Monsoon Disturbance ◽  
Monsoon Disturbances

Abstract Synoptic-scale monsoon disturbances produce the majority of continental rainfall in the monsoon regions of South Asia and Australia, yet there is little understanding of the conditions that foster development of these low pressure systems. Here a genesis index is used to associate monsoon disturbance genesis in a global domain with monthly mean, climatological environmental variables. This monsoon disturbance genesis index (MDGI) is based on four objectively selected variables: total column water vapor, low-level absolute vorticity, an approximate measure of convective available potential energy, and midtropospheric relative humidity. A Poisson regression is used to estimate the index coefficients. Unlike existing tropical cyclone genesis indices, the MDGI is defined over both land and ocean, consistent with the fact that monsoon disturbance genesis can occur over land. The index coefficients change little from their global values when estimated separately for the Asian–Australian monsoon region or the Indian monsoon region, suggesting that the conditions favorable for monsoon disturbance genesis, and perhaps the dynamics of genesis itself, are common across multiple monsoon regions. Vertical wind shear is found to be a useful predictor in some regional subdomains; although previous studies suggested that baroclinicity may foster monsoon disturbance genesis, here genesis frequency is shown to be reduced in regions of strong climatological vertical shear. The coefficients of the MDGI suggest that monsoon disturbance genesis is fostered by humid, convectively unstable environments that are rich in vorticity. Similarities with indices used to describe the distribution of tropical cyclone genesis are discussed.

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