Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition in dairy cows fed silage of wet brewers grain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the supply of wet brewers grain silage with and without nutrient additives in ensiling (wheat bran, soybeans hulls and ground corn), and the effect of additives on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients as well as the efficiency, production and milk composition of Holstein cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows were used, with an average milk production of 25 liters per day. The cows were randomly assigned, via the Latin Square design (4x4), to one of four experimental diets. The experimental period was 21 days. The results obtained in the experiment were evaluated by analysis of variance, Fisher’s F test and Tukey’s test at 5 % probability. The experimental diets consisted of wet brewers grain silage alone, and this silage with the addition of wheat bran, soybean hulls or ground corn. The diets did not affect the initial body weight of the animals. Diets containing wheat bran and ground corn provided a higher intake of dry matter (21.78 and 21.50 kg day-1) and organic matter (20.42 and 20.22 kg day-1) compared to the wet brewers grain silage alone and the diet containing soybean hulls. The results observed for dry matter (636.96 and 632.96 g kg-1), organic matter (659.16 and 654.35 g kg-1 DM), crude protein (712.84 and 717.79 g kg-1 DM) and neutral detergent fiber (598.99 and 538.90 g kg-1 DM) when cows were fed diets containing soybean hulls and ground corn, respectively, were higher than other diets. The different diets did not change daily milk production, milk production corrected for 3.5 % fat or milk composition. The milk urea nitrogen from cows fed ground corn diets was a lower concentration (17.67 mg dL-1), however, it was still above the suitable range (10 to 14 mg dL-1). Providing wet brewers grain silage with soybeans hulls or ground corn to Holstein cows increased the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients. However, the use of silages with wheat bran, soybean hulls or ground corn did not alter the efficiency, production or milk composition of cows fed with these silages.

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Replacement of raw soybean with roasted soybean increased milk production in Holstein cows

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilson Sebastião Dias Júnior ◽

Vítor Augusto Silveira ◽

Ivan Júnior Ascari ◽

Renata Apocalypse Nogueira Pereira ◽

Marina de Arruda Camargo Danés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Production Performance ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Lower Protein ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Improved Performance

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total replacement of raw whole soybean (RAW) for roastedwhole soybean (ROS) on the production performance of Holstein cows. Two experiments were carried out usinga simple reversal design where RAW has been completely replaced by ROS. In experiment 1, 22 cows (175±60 days in milk)were used, and the dietary inclusion level of RAW or ROS was 3.7% of dry matter (DM). In experiment 2, 16 cows (130±50 days in milk)were used, and thedietary inclusion level of RAW or ROS was 11% of DM. In both experiments, ROS increased milk production by 1.1kgday-1 without changing fat and protein production. Dry matter intake or milk urea nitrogenwere not affected by dietary soy source. In experiment 2, plasma glucose concentration was decreased, and allantoin/creatinine ratio in urine tended to decreasein ROS. Experiment 2 also evaluated the nutrient digestibility and ruminal degradation kinetics of crude protein in two soybean sources. Roasting had no effect on the digestibility of DM, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber. Roasted whole soybean hadgreater fraction B and lower protein degradation rate than did RAW; this showed that heat treatment was effective in increasing therumen undegradable amino acid flowto the animal, which suggesteda potential mechanism of action for improved performance observed in ROS.

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Milk Production Responses and Digestibility of Dairy Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Partially Supplemented with Forage Rape (Brassica Napus) Silage Replacing Corn Silage

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2931

Author(s):

Di Zhou ◽

Mohamed Abdelrahman ◽

Xinxin Zhang ◽

Shuai Yang ◽

Jing Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Solid Content ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Forage Rape

Worldwide, silage is considered the main component in dairy animal diets; however, this portion is mainly dominated by corn silage, which raises availability challenges in some agricultural production systems. The present study evaluated a partial replacement of corn silage with forage rape silage (FRS) and its effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, milk production, and blood metabolites in buffalo. Thirty-six lactating buffaloes were randomly assigned to four different groups, according to supplementation of FRS (only corn silage, FRS0) or with 15% (FRS15), 25% (FRS25), and 35% (FRS35) of forage rape silage instead of corn silage. The results showed that, compared to corn silage, forage rape silage has a lower carbohydrate but a higher protein concentration. The buffalo intake of dry matter and organic matter were improved linearly with the FRS increasing in the diet. The apparent total-tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber also increased by the FRS supplementation compared with FRS0. Conversely, FRS supplementation decreased the propionic, butyric, and valeric acid contents and increased the acetic:propionic ratio and microbial protein content. Furthermore, FRS inclusion led to a significantly higher milk urea and non-fat milk solid content, higher blood glucose, total globulins, blood urea nitrogen, and lower blood high-density lipoprotein. These results suggested that FRS has high a nutritional value and digestibility, is a good feed resource, and showed favorable effects when supplemented with dairy buffalo ration.

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Milk production and dry matter intake of lactating Holstein cows fed low fiber diets in the tropics

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v84i1-2.3897 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 84 (1-2) ◽

pp. 17-28

Author(s):

Teodoro M. Ruiz ◽

Jaime Moyá ◽

Luis Viera

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Mean Values ◽

Diet Intake

Three stargrass silage (SGS)-based diets formulated to contain 20, 26 and 32% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were compared as to their effect on dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production. Twelve lactating Holstein cows averaging 110 days in milk were arranged in four replications of a 3 x 3 Latin Square design. Treatments did not affect DMI or DMI as percentage of body weight (BW); mean values for these parameters were 15.4 kg/cow/day and 3.06%, respectively. However, cows consuming 32% NDF diet had a tendency toward lower (8.6%) intake of organic matter (OM) as percentage of BW than cows on the 20% NDF diet. Intake of NDF as a percentage of BW increased (P < 0.01) linearly (0.62 to 0.93%) as dietary NDF concentration increased. Milk production averaged 21.0 kg/cow/day and was not affected by dietary treatment. Reducing dietary NDF from 32 to 20% resulted in a reduction (P < 0.01) in milk fat from 3.09 to 2.66%.This reduction resulted in a 1.3 kg/cow/day increase (P < 0.05) in 3.25% fat-corrected milk (3.25% FCM) as the percentage of dietary NDF increased. Gross efficiency of energy (NEL) use for milk production and 3.25% FCM increased linearly with dietary NDF by 9.7 and 17.3%, respectively. Results point out that for mid-lactation cows at the observed level of production, diets lower than 32% NDF will not result in higher DMI and milk production, and will be less efficient in the use of energy for milk production.

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Effects of Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) Condensed Tannins on Intake, Protozoa Population, Ruminal Fermentation, and Nutrient Digestibility in Jersey Steers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10061011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1011 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andre S. Avila ◽

Maximiliane A. Zambom ◽

Andressa Faccenda ◽

Maria L. Fischer ◽

Fernando A. Anschau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Acacia Mearnsii ◽

Black Wattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of condensed tannins (CT) from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) on feed intake, ruminal protozoa population, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in Jersey steers. Five ruminally-cannulated steers were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design, with five periods of 20 days each (14 days for diet adaptation and six days for sample collection per period). Treatments were composed of dietary inclusion levels of condensed tannins at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg of diet dry matter. Intakes of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients were not affected by condensed tannins. The ruminal pH was reduced linearly with tannin levels. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration was not affected by tannins. Tannins reduced the molar proportion of acetate and did not affect the ruminal protozoal population, which might be related to the low doses used. Digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber were not altered; however, there was a linear reduction in crude protein digestibility. Based on these results, CT extracts from black wattle are not recommended for improving nutrient utilization in steers at the tested levels.

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Effect of diets containing whole or ground corn with and without soybean hulls on feeding calves during the suckling phase

10.1101/486258 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Aline Evangelista Machado Santana ◽

José Neuman Miranda Neiva ◽

Vera Lúcia de Araújo Bozorg ◽

João Restle ◽

Ubirajara Bilego

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Soybean Hulls ◽

Soybean Hull ◽

Feeding Costs ◽

Nutrient Consumption ◽

Ground Corn

This work evaluated the use of soybean hulls and whole or ground corn in the diets of suckling calves. Diets containing two levels of soybean hull inclusion (0 and 400.1 g/kg) and corn in different physical forms (whole or ground) were evaluated in the diets of newborn crossbred dairy calves that were housed and received experimental diets plus four liters of milk per day over 56 days. Weekly samples of food, diets and leftovers were taken to determine dry matter and nutrient intake. To evaluate the apparent digestibility, samples were taken from the diets, leftovers and feces for three consecutive days using titanium dioxide as an indicator. Blood samples were also collected to evaluate the blood indicators. Including soybean hulls in the diet increased the consumption of neutral detergent fiber but reduced the consumption of non-fibrous carbohydrates, which was also reduced by using whole corn in the diet. Total digestible nutrient consumption did not vary, although its value was reduced by using whole corn and including soybean hulls. The apparent digestibilities of the dry matter and crude protein were similar, resulting in similar performances between the animals, regardless of the factors analyzed. Using soybean hulls or whole corn did not affect blood indicators or feeding costs. Soybean hull or whole corn usage did not affect the performance of crossbred dairy calves during rearing.

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Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs I. Effects on nutrient digestibility and mineral balances in finishing pigs

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72685 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 27-39

Author(s):

Eija Helander ◽

Matti Näsi ◽

Kirsi Partanen

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

The Other ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Cyclic Change ◽

P Utilization ◽

Phosphorus Levels

The effect of the intrinsic phytase of wheat bran (WB) on phytin-phosphorus availability to pigs on barley-soybean meal diets was measured in a digestibility and balance experiment using a 2x3 factorial arrangement in a 6x5 cyclic change-over design. The factors were WB inclusion (0 or 100 g per kg, later referred to as WB- and WB+, respectively) and three phosphorus (P) levels: high (HP), medium (MP) and low (LP). The inclusion of WB in the diet did not significantly improve dietary P utilization. However, the absorption and retention of P appeared to be slightly improved by WB inclusion in the LP diet. This improvement may be due to WB phytase. The effects of WB on the digestibility and balance of other minerals remained relatively small. The P level, on the other hand, had a greater effect on mineral balances. Ash digestibility was not affected by the treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were impaired when WB was included in the diet. N absorption of intake was higher (p

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Performance of Holstein cows fed two levels of concentrate supplementation and ruminally undegraded protein.

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v90i1-2.2958 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 90 (1-2) ◽

pp. 9-26

Author(s):

Teodoro M. Ruiz ◽

Efraín Cancel-Medina

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Or Efficiency ◽

Lower Efficiency ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Feed Cost ◽

High Level

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of level of concentrate supplementation with two concentrates differing in concentration and type of ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) on dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production of Holstein cows in late (E1) and early (E2) lactation. In both trials, concentrates were fed at the rate of 1 kg per 2.5 or 1.5 kg of milk, constituting low (LCS) and high (HCS) levels of concentrate supplementation, respectively. No significant effect of type of concentrate was observed on DMI, milk production, milk composition or efficiency of milk production in either experiment. HCS resulted in lower hay DM consumption by cows in late (9.8 vs. 11.3 kg/d) and early (6.4 vs. 8.1 kg/d) lactation, but also in greater total DMI by late (17.7 vs. 15.6 kg/d) and early (19.6 vs. 16.2 kg/d) lactation cows. Similarly, milk production was greater when late (13.1 vs. 11.8 kg/d) and early (25.5 vs. 22.6 kg/d) lactation cows were fed the HCS. In E2, contrary to E1, cows produced milk of higher fat concentration (2.66 vs. 3.18%) when the LCS was fed. HCS resulted in lower efficiency of concentrate use for milk and 3.25%-fat-corrected milk production, particularly during early lactation. However, income over feed cost was higher for HCS during early lactation. Thus, the practice of supplementing concentrates at a high level can be justified economically under conditions similar to those of this trial.

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Soybean hulls as feed substitute of ground corn can increase the fiber digestibility and bacterial fibrolytic profile of grazing Nellore steers during the rainy season

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl3p3577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽

pp. 3577 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antônio Josê Neto ◽

Yury Tatiana Granja-Salcedo ◽

Juliana Duarte Messana ◽

Euclides Braga Malheiros ◽

Ricardo Andrade Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Soybean Hulls ◽

Fiber Digestibility ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Ground Corn

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacement of ground corn by soybean hulls associated or not to whole soybean grain in the feed supplement on intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen microbial population, and fermentation parameters of growing Nellore steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés during rainy season. Were used eight castrated Nellore steers (425 ± 36 kg of body weight (BW)) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, allocated into 4 paddocks of 0.25 ha each, consisting of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and supplemented with: (1) ground corn combined with whole soybean grain (SG); (2) ground corn without SG; (3) soybean hulls (SH) combined with SG; and (4) SH without SG. Supplement intake was no affected by SG or SH (mean 2.12 kg-1 d, P > 0.05). There were no interactions between SH and SG on DM and nutrients intake (P > 0.05). The addition of SG reduced the dry matter (DM) intake expressed as % of BW and Kg-1 d, as well forage DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), and gross energy (GE) intake (P ? 0.01). Animals supplemented with SH without SG had greater digestibility of DM (74.52), OM (77.62), CP (77.51), NDF (71.93) and GE (72.90) than animals supplemented with SH with SG (DM =69.01, OM = 71.92, CP = 72.81, NDF = 66.01, GE =68.01) expressed as % (P ? 0.01). The addition of SG in the supplements declined the ruminal pH and NH3-N (P=0.02). Animals supplemented without SH without SG showed greater Entodinium counts (6.01 n x 104 ml-1, P=0.04), and SG supplementation decreased the numbers of Dasytricha, Isotricha, and ruminal total protozoa (P < 0.01). The abundance of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, and Archaeas were higher for SH without SG supplement. Additionally, animals supplemented with SG had lower numbers of Fibrobacter succinogenes. The use of soybean hulls without whole soybean grain in the supplement may be effective to increase fiber digestibility, N retained, R. albus and R. flavefaciens in the rumen of Nellore steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés during the rainy season.

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Effects of Calcium Soaps from Palm, Canola and Safflower Oils on Dry Matter Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Production, and Milk Composition in Dairy Goats

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101728 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1728 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽

Lizbeth Esmeralda Robles-Jimenez ◽

Rafael Ayala-Hernández ◽

Jose Romero-Bernal ◽

Nazario Pescador-Salas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Gas Production ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Traditional Use

This study determined the effect of protected dietary oils on dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility and milk production in dairy goats. Nine Saanen goats were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods of 25 days. A basal diet based on barley hay and corn silage was supplemented with 2.7% DM of calcium soaps of either palm (PO), canola (CO) or safflower (SO) oils. Data for dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and milk production was analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS. Gas production data was analyzed using the procedure of non-linear regression analysis (PROC NLIN) from SAS. Nutrient intakes were not affected by treatments. However, compared with CO, the digestibility of dry matter (653 vs. 552 and 588 g/kg), organic matter (663 vs. 559 and 606 g/kg) and neutral detergent fiber (616 vs. 460 and 510 g/kg) were lowered (p < 0.001) by SO and PO. Compared with CO, in vitro gas production increased (p < 0.001) in PO and SO (174 vs. 201 and 206 mL gas/g incubated DM). Compared with PO and CO, milk production increased (p < 0.001) with SO (0.88 and 0.95 vs. 1.10 kg/d, respectively). With regard to PO and SO, CO decreased fat (34 and 35 vs. 32 g/d) and protein (35 and 38 vs. 30 g/d) in milk. In conclusion, compared to the traditional use of calcium soaps manufactured from PO, protected SO resulted in increased milk yield without negative effects on digestibility and nutrient intake.

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The effects of feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol at two doses on milk production, rumen fermentation, plasma metabolites, nutrient digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating Holstein cows

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15219 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 282 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Jennifer Haisan ◽

Yun Sun ◽

Leluo Guan ◽

Karen A. Beauchemin ◽

Allan Iwaasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Methane Yield ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Molar Proportion

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol (NOP) in the total mixed ration of lactating Holstein cows on rumen fermentation, ruminal microbial population, enteric methane production, milk production, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. Fifteen ruminally cannulated Holstein cows in mid to late lactation were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design study with 28-day periods. Cows were fed a 60%-forage diet (dry matter basis) with 2500 (HIGH), 1250 (LOW) or 0 (CON) mg/day of NOP. After a 20-day diet adaptation period, dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily. Rumen digesta and rumen fluid were collected on Days 21 and 28 and ruminal pH was determined on Days 23–28. Methane emissions were measured on Days 23–27 using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique. Faecal and blood samples were taken on Days 25–27. Feeding NOP at either dose did not affect DMI, milk production or bodyweight gain. Total concentration of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid did not differ; however, there was a decrease in molar proportion of acetate and increase in molar proportion of propionate with feeding NOP in a dose-dependent manner. Microbial profile and ruminal pH were not affected by treatment. Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM (62.7% vs 58.4%; P < 0.05) and neutral detergent fibre (38.0% vs 30.7%; P < 0.05) were increased with the HIGH dose compared with CON. Feeding NOP reduced methane yield from 19.9 to 15.3 g/kg DMI for CON versus LOW (P < 0.05) and from 19.9 to 12.6 for CON versus HIGH (P < 0.05). Feeding NOP at 1250 or 2500 mg/day reduced methane yield and affected ruminal volatile fatty acid profile without compromising DMI or apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility.

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