scholarly journals Host status of passion fruit genotypes to scab and bacterial blight

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Stefane Mendes Nascimento ◽  
Everaldo Antonio Lopes ◽  
Viviane Manuela Bernardes Silva Magalhães ◽  
José Avelino Cardoso ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

Screening passion fruit genotypes to target resistance to scab and bacterial blight may play an important role in reducing the application of chemical products and losses caused by the diseases. It is likely that resistant genotypes may be found in ongoing breeding programs targeting production traits. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the host status of eighteen passion fruit genotypes from the Breeding Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12, CRP 19-12 and CRP 20-12) and two cultivars (FB 200 Yellow Master and FB 300 Araguari) of yellow passion fruit to the scab (Cladosporium herbarum) and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). The fungus and the bacterium were artificially inoculated on wounded leaves at the concentrations of 1 x 106 spores mL-1 and 1 x 108 cfu mL-1. Scab incidence and severity were assessed at 7, 14, 21 and 31 days after inoculation (DAI); whereas the bacterial blight evaluations were performed at 10, 20, 28 and 44 DAI. The genotypes CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12 and CRP 19-12 are moderately resistant to scab. The genotype 20-12 and the FB 200 Yellow Master cultivar are susceptible to the fungus. All genotypes are highly susceptible to bacterial blight. 

scholarly journals Shortening the Period for Assessing the Resistance of Olive to Verticillium Wilt Using Continuous Lighting

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175
Author(s):  
Gloria María García-Ruiz ◽  
Carlos Trapero ◽  
Francisco Javier López-Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Defoliating Pathotype

The use of continuous and natural lighting was studied to assess the resistance of 12 olive cultivars to the defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae. The plants were inoculated by dipping their bare root system in a conidial suspension. ‘Frantoio’ was used as a moderately resistant control cultivar. Several evaluated cultivars were susceptible to the defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae. However, six of these cultivars were moderately resistant. In most of the evaluated cultivars, continuous lighting allowed for the identification of resistant genotypes during a period that was 3 weeks shorter than that which is normally required in these assessments. This reduction was even greater for the resistant cultivars. The use of continuous lighting could thus be an important tool for use in olive breeding programs, where it is necessary to evaluate many genotypes in short durations and, therefore, to optimize time, space, and labor.

scholarly journals Variability and genetic structure of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) in Colombia using microsatellite DNA markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ocampo ◽  
Natali Acosta-Barón ◽  
Javier Hernández-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

Colombia is one of the leading producers of yellow passion fruit but the genetic studies based on molecular markers from commercial plantations have not been considered to select interesting market material. The goal of this study was to assess the genetic variability and the population structure of 51 Colombian commercial yellow passion fruit accessions (102 individuals), and to provide the necessary information for prospective selection and breeding programs. Thus, a total of six microsatellites were amplified with 58 alleles identified and an average of 9.66 alleles per locus, including nine private and 31 rare. Diversity indexes showed polymorphic information content values of 0.74 (PIC), an observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity average of 0.52 and 0.78, respectively. Spatial distribution showed the greatest allelic richness (11 to 14) in most of the Valle del Cauca accessions. The average genetic distance among accessions was 0.68, and the cluster analysis showed three main groups poorly supported (bootstrap <50%), with slight geographical structure and high differentiation between individuals of the same accession. Structure analysis indicated K=4 as the genetic structure's uppermost hierarchical level, while Bayesian clustering showed a division of individuals into four genetically distinct groups. The low geographic structure and high variability of the accessions could be explained by allogamy and seed exchange frequency among farmers. Results issued suggest a complementary agro-morphological assessment to establish total genetic variability and implement a breeding program through assisted selection of superior genotypes in search of more productive and resistant cultivars to phytosanitary problems.

scholarly journals Yellow passion fruit in overhead trellis system do not differ in diseases intensity and is more productive compared to vertical trellis system

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Martins Monzani ◽  
Henrique da Silva Silveira Duarte ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

Abstract Brazil is the largest producer of passion fruit worldwide, however diseases have been reducing passion fruit productivity, and limiting its cultivation for several years in a row in the same area. The proposal of this study was to evaluate diseases intensity and productivity of yellow passion fruit in vertical and overhead trellis systems, during two seasons, in annual cycle. The experiment was realized in a commercial orchard of yellow passion fruit in the municipality of Araquari, SC, in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. The treatments were vertical and overhead trellis systems, tested in a randomized complete block design, with eight replications. The agronomic practices were performed according to the culture recommendations and naturally pollinated althoght no disease control was applied. Anthracnose, bacterial blight, cladosporiosis and passion fruit woodiness severities were assessed in two seasons, from December to June, after establishment of the trellis systems. Production of fruits per plant and estimated productivity were determined in both seasons. There were no differences in diseases severity in both systems and seasons. The overhead trellis system was more productive than the vertical trellis system, 78.1% and 57.1% respectively, in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. Overhead trellis system showed to be the most adequate for yellow passion fruit production.

Yield gain due to fungicide application in varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) resistant and susceptible to leaf rust

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Morgounov ◽  
Beyhan Akin ◽  
Lütfi Demir ◽  
Mesut Keser ◽  
Alma Kokhmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

In three independent experiments in Turkey and Kazakhstan, winter wheat germplasm with variable degrees of resistance to leaf rust was subjected to fungicide protection. The yield loss of genotypes susceptible to leaf rust varied from 30% to 60% depending on the environment and severity of infection. Genotypes completely or moderately resistant to leaf rust also responded positively to fungicide protection, with average yield increases in the range 10–30%. This increase was observed even in one season without leaf rust infection. The main character affected by fungicide was 1000-kernel weight. There was stable expression of the magnitude of yield gain in resistant genotypes in different seasons, confirming genetic variation for this trait. Possible mechanisms of yield gain from fungicide protection in resistant genotypes are related to a positive physiological effect of the chemical used as well as a possible ‘cost of resistance’ to wheat plants. The magnitude of yield gain by resistant germplasm justifies its capture in breeding programs to develop varieties resistant to diseases and with greater benefits from the fungicide protection.

scholarly journals Host status of progenies of yellow passion fruit to Meloidogyne incognita race 2

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Roxana Stefane Mendes Nascimento ◽  
Everaldo Antônio Lopes ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos ◽  
Viviane Manuela Bernardes Silva Magalhães ◽  
José Avelino Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

scholarly journals Development and validation of a standard area diagram set to evaluate bacterial blight on yellow passion fruit leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Martins Monzani ◽  
Grazieli Araldi da Silva ◽  
Forrest Nutter Junior ◽  
Henrique da Silva Silveira Duarte ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Concordance Correlation ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

ABSTRACT Bacterial blight is one of the most important diseases of yellow passion fruit. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a set of standard area diagram (SADs) to improve the accuracy and precision of bacterial blight severity assessments on yellow passion fruit leaves. The proposed SADs, composed of illustrations of symptomatic leaves with nine severity levels (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 62%), were evaluated by 15 raters. Accuracy, precision and reliability of the SADs were validated by quantifying and comparing the assessments performed by 15 raters with and without the use of SADs. The SADs improved accuracy (coefficient of bias, Cb = 0.940 without SADs and 0.967 with SADs), precision (correlation coefficient, r = 0.901 without SADs and 0.949 with SADs) and overall agreement (Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, ρc = 0.863 without SADs and 0.935 with SADs) of severity estimates. Inter-rater reliability also significantly improved when the SADs were used (coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.717 without and R2 = 0.880 with the SADs; intra-class correlation, ρ = 0.798 without and ρ = 0.926 with the SADs). The developed SADs improved accuracy, precision and reliability of disease severity assessments and are recommended as an aid to assess bacterial blight on yellow passion fruit leaves.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance and morphological parameters of different sunflower cultivars against charcoal rot

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan ◽  
Safdar Ali ◽  
Nadeem Ahmed ◽  
Maryam Yousaf ◽  
Atta-ur-Rehman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Better Than

Charcoal rot is one of the major threats to sunflower which causes complete crop loss in epidemic conditions. The genetic resistance of sunflower germplasm could be more economical and durable approach for the management of charcoal rot. In the current experiment, six genotypes obtained from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad were evaluated for their resistance and morphological parameters against Macrophomina phaseolina. Under field conditions, none of the cultivars gave immune or resistant response against the disease. FH-337 was found to be susceptible with 54.87% infection while FH-331, FH-106 and Hycanth-33 appeared moderately susceptible with 25-49% infections. The least affected varieties were FH-259 and DK-40 with moderately resistant status in the range of 10-24%. Yield parameters of resistant varieties were better than susceptible ones when compared under inoculated conditions. Moderately resistant genotypes might have the better genetic makeup and could be selected in breeding programs to find out resistant sunflower germplasm to fulfill the needs of growing population. Moreover, these cultivars could be used for better yield of sunflower.

scholarly journals Assessment of physiological races of Exserohilum turcicum isolates from maize in Argentina and Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ludwig Navarro ◽  
Lucia Ramos Romero ◽  
María Belén Kistner ◽  
Juliana Iglesias ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Exserohilum Turcicum ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physiological Races ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Resistance Reaction ◽  
Qualitative Resistance ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

AbstractNorthern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is one of the most important diseases in maize worldwide. It is caused by the fungus Exserohilum turcicum, which exhibits a high genetic variability for virulence, and hence physiological races have been reported. Disease control is based mainly on fungicide application and host resistance. Qualitative resistance has been widely used to control NCLB through the deployment of Ht genes. Known pathogen races are designated according to their virulence to the corresponding Ht gene. Knowledge about of E. turcicum race distribution in maize-producing areas is essential to develop and exploit resistant genotypes. Maize leaves showing distinct elliptical grey-green lesions were collected from maize-producing areas of Argentina and Brazil, and 184 monosporic E. turcicum isolates were obtained. A total of 66 isolates were collected from Argentina during 2015, 2018 and 2019, while 118 isolates from Brazil were collected during 2017, 2018 and 2019. All isolates were screened on maize differential lines containing Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Htn1 resistance genes. In greenhouse experiments, inoculated maize plants were evaluated at 14 days after inoculation. Resistance reaction was characterized by chlorosis, and susceptibility was defined by necrosis in the absence of chlorosis. The most frequent race was 0 in both Argentina (83%) and Brazil (65%). Frequencies of race 1 (6% and 24%) and race 23N (5% and 10%) were very low in Argentina and Brazil, respectively. The high frequency of race 0 isolates provides evidence that qualitative resistance based on the tested Ht genes is not being used extensively in Argentina and Brazil to control NCLB. This information may be relevant for growers and breeding programs as the incidence of NCLB is increasing in both countries.

scholarly journals Quality evaluation of frozen guava and yellow passion fruit pulps by NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila D. Alamar ◽  
Elem T.S. Caramês ◽  
Ronei J. Poppi ◽  
Juliana A.L. Pallone
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

scholarly journals Evolution of Physiologic Races and Virulence of Puccinia striiformis on Wheat in Syria and Lebanon

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Yahyaoui ◽  
M. S. Hakim ◽  
M. El Naimi ◽  
N. Rbeiz
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Land Race ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Virulence-avirulence phenotypes of Puccinia striiformis isolates collected in Lebanon and Syria were determined on seedlings of the wheat-yellow rust differential genotypes. We found 25 and 11 physiologic races over 6 years (1994 to 1999) in Syria and Lebanon, respectively. The composition of physiologic races found in Syria and Lebanon differed greatly between 1994 and 1999. Races identified in 1999, such as 230E150 and 230E134, have wider spectra of virulence on resistant genotypes than races collected in 1994. In Lebanon, three races were found in 1994 compared with six races in 1999. Yellow rust differential genotypes were used in a trap nursery to monitor yellow rust populations under natural conditions. Races identified from cultivars in the trap nursery in Syria and Lebanon, and from land race cultivars in Iraq, were recovered among the races identified from farm fields. Yellow rust samples were collected from Yemen, and none of the races identified from Yemen samples were identical to those in Syria and Lebanon. Virulence frequencies in the yellow rust population on the differential genotypes tested in the trap nurseries were above 70% for some resistance genes. Yellow rust populations in Syria and Lebanon have diverse virulence phenotypes. P. striiformis populations appear to be changing over, and this would be an important consideration for wheat breeding programs in the region.

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