Influence of caprine arthritis encephalitis on milk production and quality along the lactation curve in primiparous dairy goats

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) on the production of milk and its components (protein, fat and total solids) along the lactation curve of primiparous goats. The study was developed using a database from the years 2014 to 2018. Sixty-one animals were subjected to the serological test for CAE, whose result indicated that 42 were seropositive and 19 seronegative, and milk production and quality data were compiled. To adjust the curve for production of milk, fat, protein and total solids during lactation, the following nonlinear model developed by Wood (1967) was used: Y = atb e-ct, where Y represents the observations of milk, fat, protein or total solid production at time t; a is the parameter associated with the initial production; b is the parameter associated with the rate of rise in production until the peak; c is the parameter associated with the rate of decline of the lactation curve; and is the representative time of the day in milk. The parameters were compared by the confidence interval considering 95% probability. Peak production was calculated using the following formula: a(b/c)b e-b. There was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between seropositive and seronegative primiparous goats for initial production and the rates of rise and decline of the parameters of milk, fat, protein and total solid production. However, at their peak, these variables were 26, 27, 23 and 23% higher, respectively, in the seronegative goats than in their seropositive counterparts. In conclusion, CAE does not affect milk production or the production of fat, protein and total solids along the lactation curve, but seropositive goats produce less milk and respective components at the peak of the lactation curve than seronegative goats.

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Milk production in Saanen goats treated with repeated low doses of intermediate-release insulin during early lactation

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20180340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erika Bezerra de Menezes ◽

Maria Gorete Flores Salles ◽

Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva ◽

César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes ◽

Giovanna Galeati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Metabolic Response ◽

Subcutaneous Administration ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Control Group ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Intermediate Acting Insulin

ABSTRACT: The effect of insulin administration on the productive responses of Saanen goats during early lactation was investigated. Ten of 20 adult females were subjected to subcutaneous administration of intermediate-acting insulin (0.14UI/kg body weight) at 2, 9, and 14 days postpartum. Milk yield was measured twice daily for 13 weeks and milk samples were collected to measure protein and fat contents. Plasma levels of progesterone, insulin, non-esterifies fatty acids, glucose and other metabolites were measured. Results showed a significantly increased effect of insulin treatment on the content of milk fat and protein; moreover, milk production in the first and second postpartum weeks were higher than control group. The peak of lactation in the insulin group was achieved one week earlier in comparison to the control group. In addition, the milk production rate showed lower persistency (milk yield 13 week/milk yield at peak) in the same group. During the first four weeks of postpartum, treated animals showed greater weight loss and higher non-esterified fatty acid concentration, whereas no effect was observed on the concentration of progesterone and other metabolites. The above results indicated that repeated administration of insulin in dairy goats during early lactation increase yield and qualitative components of milk, but has substantial consequences on animal productive rate and metabolic response.

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Effect of concentrate supplementation during pre-kidding on the productive and reproductive performance of goats raised on Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã) pasture

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1489 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 1489

Author(s):

Raquel Ornelas Marques ◽

Heraldo Cesar Gonçalves ◽

Paulo Roberto De Lima Meirelles ◽

Gil Ignacio Lara Cañizares ◽

Giuliana Micai de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Concentrate Supplementation ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Lactation Curve ◽

Guinea Grass ◽

Boer Goats

Sixty goats (20 Alpine, 18 Anglo-Nubian, and 22 crossbred Boer), with average body weight 49.33 ± 1.41 kg, were raised on Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã pasture with two different levels of concentrate supplementation, 300 (SL30) and 600 g kg-1 (SL60) of the daily requirements, and evaluated from the pre-mating season until an average of 110 days of lactation. Milk controls were performed every 14 days. The following milk production curve parameters were estimated: time to reach peak milk production (TP), peak milk production (PP) and milk production during the first 110 days of lactation (MP). The following milk components were determined: fat, protein, lactose, total solids (TS), defatted dry extract (DDE), urea nitrogen (UN) concentrations, and somatic cell count (SCC). Goat prolificacy and birth weight of the kids were also determined. Breed affected the lactation curve, with Alpine and Anglo- Nubian goats presenting higher TP, PP, and MP. Protein, TS, and DDE concentrations were also affected by breed, being higher for crossbred Boer goats. Milk fat, lactose concentrations, and the log of SCC were affected by the concentrate supplementation level, being higher for SL30, as well as by the breed, with crossbred Boer goats presenting higher fat concentrations and log of SCC, and crossbred Boer and Alpine goats presenting higher lactose concentrations. UN was affected by the stage of lactation. Prolificacy and birth weight were affected by breed and concentrate supplementation level, being higher for Anglo-Nubian and crossbred Boer goats with SL60. Kids from single births presented higher birth weights. The Anglo-Nubian breed presented good milk production and the best body condition, which might indicate the effectiveness of this production system, SL60 supplementation resulted in higher birth weight and prolificacy.

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Effect of diet supplementation with sunflower oil on milk production, fatty acid profile and ruminal fermentation in lactating dairy ewes

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029908003506 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 399-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Gonzalo Hervás ◽

Pilar Luna ◽

Ángel R. Mantecón ◽

Natalia Castañares ◽

Miguel Angel de la Fuente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Total Solid ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Rumen Microorganisms ◽

Diet Supplementation

The aim of this research was to enhance the nutritional quality of ewe milk fat by increasing potentially healthy fatty acids (FA) through diet supplementation with unprotected oil rich in linoleic acid, and without detrimental effects on animal performance. Twenty-four ewes were assigned to two high concentrate diets, control or supplemented with 6% sunflower oil (SO), for 4 weeks. No differences between treatments were found in milk production and dry matter intake. Although the SO diet increased milk fat percentage and tended to reduce milk protein concentration, it did not affect milk fat, protein or total solid yield. Most of the modifications in milk FA composition were addressed toward a potentially healthier profile: a decrease in C12:0 to C16:0 and a remarkable increase in the contents of cis-9 trans-11 C18:2 (from 0·94 to 3·60 g/100 g total FA) and trans-11 C18:1 (from 2·23 to 8·61 g/100 g total FA). Furthermore, the levels reached were maintained throughout the period monitored. However, the SO diet increased other trans C18:1 isomer percentages, too. The lack of differences between treatments in the in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters, studied with batch cultures of rumen microorganisms, would indicate no negative effects on ruminal fermentation.

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Equid milk production: evaluation of Martina Franca jennies and IHDH mares by Wood’s model application

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15551 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 2110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. De Palo ◽

A. Maggiolino ◽

P. Centoducati ◽

G. Calzaretti ◽

P. Milella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Sample ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Protein Production ◽

Model Fit ◽

Model Application ◽

Lactation Curve ◽

Breed Horse ◽

Peak Lactation

The present work aims to evaluate milk production aptitude of two equid species: horse and donkey. The trial was conducted on the Italian Heavy Draught breed horse (IHDH) and on the Martina Franca breed donkey. Data were collected from 23 multiparous nursing IHDH mares aged from 6 to 10 years, with an average bodyweight (BW) (mean ± s.d.) of 822.3 ± 61.8 kg and from 28 multiparous nursing donkeys of Martina Franca breed aged from 7 to 12 years, with an average BW (mean ± s.d.) of 389.5 ± 21.2 kg. Milk yield was recorded on 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165 and 180 days in milk (DIM). At each milk yield evaluation day, a milk sample was collected and its composition was analysed. All data were normalised according metabolic weight (MBW) of animals, so to make comparable results of the two considered species. Wood’s lactation model was used to describe milk, fat, protein and lactose yield. Peak lactation was reached on DIM 69 in IHDH horse and on DIM 48 in Martina Franca donkey with a milk production of 10.693 kg/100 kg MBW (R2 = 0.9139) and 5.264 kg/100 kg MBW (R2 = 0.9428), respectively. Persistency index of milk lactation curve was higher in Martina Franca donkey then in IHDH mares (7.0338 vs 6.2672). IHDH mares showed higher fat and protein production. Lactose curves showed a similar trend in both the species although IHDH’s curve was characterised by higher values. Data reported in the present work underline that both breeds considered are characterised by good milk production aptitude. Moreover, high R2 values obtained applying Wood’s model to milk, fat, protein and lactose production, calculated on the metabolic bodyweight basis, are indices of goodness of model fit.

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The comparison of the lactation and milk yield and composition of selected breeds of sheep and goats

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.2527/tas2017.0056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 498-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. M. Ferro ◽

L. O. Tedeschi ◽

A. S. Atzori

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Energy Content ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Random Coefficients ◽

Total Solids ◽

Sheep Breeds ◽

The World

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the milk yield (MY) and milk composition of relevant sheep and goat breeds raised around the world to be used with nutrition models for diet formulation and nutrient balancing. A 2-step approach was used. First, a database developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization was used to identify relevant breeds (i.e., frequently raised) by comparing the occurrence of transboundary breed names across countries. We selected transboundary breeds that occurred more than 3 times and other relevant breeds obtained from the specialized literature that had milk production information (e.g., MY, days in milk, and milk fat, protein, and lactose). The majority of sheep breeds were classified as nondairy (76%) because they lacked milk production information. Karakul and Merino accounted for up to 2.4% of sheep breeds raised around the world, whereas the other individual breeds accounted for less than 1%. In contrast, nondairy breeds of goats accounted for 46.3% and of the remaining 53.7%, Saanen, Boer, Anglo-Nubian, Toggenburg, and Alpine accounted for 6.5, 5, 4.4, 4, and 3%, respectively, of the transboundary breeds. Second, a database compiled from published studies for the selected sheep (n = 65) and goats (n = 78) breeds were analyzed using a random coefficients model (studies and treatments within studies as random effects). For sheep breeds, the average and SD were 1.1 ± 0.3 kg/d for MY, 6.9 ± 1% for milk fat, 5.4 ± 0.4% for milk protein, 5 ± 0.3% for milk lactose, 17.7 ± 1.4% for milk total solids, and 1,073 ± 91 kcal/kg of milk energy. Lacaune had the greatest MY compared to Comisana and Tsigai (1.65 versus 0.83 and 0.62 kg/d; respectively, P < 0.05), but milk components were not different among breeds. For goats breeds, the average and SD across breeds were 1.7 ± 0.6 kg/d for MY, 4.2 ± 0.9% for milk fat, 3.3 ± 0.4% for milk protein, 4.4 ± 0.4% for milk lactose, 12.7 ± 1.1% for milk total solids, and 750 ± 75 kcal/kg of milk energy. Alpine had similar MY to Saanen (2.66 versus 2.55 kg/d, respectively; P > 0.05), but greater (P < 0.05) than other breeds. The Boer breed had the greatest milk fat, protein, lactose, and total solids than several other breeds, leading to the greatest milk energy content (907 kcal/kg). Because there are many factors that can alter MY and milk composition, averages provided in this study serve as guidelines, and nutritionists must obtain observed values when using nutrition models.

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Evaluation of Non-linear Models to Predict Potential Milk Yield of Beef Cows According to Parity Order Under Grazing

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.721792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Matheus Fellipe de Lana Ferreira ◽

Luciana Navajas Rennó ◽

Isabela Iria Rodrigues ◽

Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽

Luiz Fernando Costa e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Linear Models ◽

Nonlinear Models ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Total Solids ◽

Lactation Curve ◽

Non Linear ◽

Milking Machine

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of parity order on milk yield (MY) and composition over time of grazing beef cows and to evaluate non-linear models to describe the lactation curve. Thirty-six pregnant Nellore cows (12 nulliparous, 2 years; 12 primiparous, 3 years; and 12 multiparous, 4–6 years) were included in the study. With calving day assigned as day 0, milking was performed using a milking machine to estimate MY on days 7, 14, 21, 42, 63, 91, 119, 154, and 203. Dummy variable analyses were applied to estimate its effects on MY, composition (kg and percentage), afternoon/morning, and afternoon/total proportions. Since multiparous cows had higher MY than nulliparous and primiparous cows, two different groups were used for lactation curve analysis: Mult (multiparous) and Null/Prim (nulliparous and primiparous). The MY estimated by the last edition of BR-Corte (Nutrient Requirements of Zebu and Crossbred Cattle) equation was compared with the observed values from this study. Five nonlinear models proposed by Wood (WD), Jenkins & Ferrell (JF), Wilmink (WK), Henriques (HR) and Cobby & Le Du (CL) were evaluated. Models were validated using an independent dataset of multiparous and primiparous cows. The estimates for parameters a, b, and c of the CL equation were compared between groups, and the BR-Corte equation used the model identity methodology. Nulliparous and primiparous cows displayed similar MY (P > 0.05); however, multiparous cows had an average MY that is 0.70 kg/day greater than that of nulliparous and primiparous cows (P < 0.05). Milk protein and total solids were higher for multiparous cows (P < 0.05). Effect of days in milking was found for milk fat, protein, and total solids (P < 0.05). The yield of all milk components was higher for multiparous cows than for nulliparous and primiparous cows. The afternoon/morning and afternoon/total proportions of milk production were not affected by parities and days in milking (P > 0.05), with an average of 0.76 and 0.42, respectively. The BR-Corte equation did not correctly estimate the MY (P < 0.05). The equations of WD, WK, and CL had the best estimate of MY for both Mult and Null/Prim datasets. The equations had a very similar Akaike's information criterion with correction and mean square error of prediction.

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A genome scan for milk production traits in dairy goats reveals two new mutations in Dgat1 reducing milk fat content

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-017-02052-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Pauline Martin ◽

Isabelle Palhière ◽

Cyrielle Maroteau ◽

Philippe Bardou ◽

Kamila Canale-Tabet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Genome Scan ◽

Fat Content ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

A Genome ◽

New Mutations

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Estimation of milk fat, solids-not-fat and total solids production in zebu and their brown swiss crosses

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100010424 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 383-387

Author(s):

K. N. S. Sharma ◽

D. K. Jain ◽

D. S. Bhatnagar ◽

R. C. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Total Solids ◽

Brown Swiss ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Sahiwal Cattle ◽

The Mean ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACTThe present study estimates the mean fat and solids-not-fat concentrations, and 305-day yields of fat, solids-not-fat, total solids and milk for three zebu breeds (Tharparkar, Sahiwal and Red Sindhi) and for halfbred F1 and F2 Brown Swiss ♂ × Sahiwal ♀ and ¾ Brown Swiss ♂ × Sahiwal 9 cattle maintained at this Institute during the period 1972–75. Mean fat and solids-not-fat concentrations ranged from 46·4 to 47·8 g/kg and 90·3 to 90·9 g/kg respectively, which were similar for all breeds. The 305-day fat, solids-not-fat, total solids and milk yields differed significantly between different breeds (P < 0–01). These yields were similar for the three zebu breeds (86 to 96 kg fat, 164 to 186 kg solids-not-fat, 250 to 282 kg total solids and 1 814 to 2 054 kg milk), but crossbreds showed significantly higher yields (125 to 171 kg, 242 to 332 kg, 368 to 503 kg and 2 670 to 3 676 kg, respectively), the highest being for F1 halfbreds. Season of calving had no significant effect on mean fat and solids-not-fat concentrations whereas the lactation yield parameters were found to be significantly higher for Tharparkar, Sahiwal and F1 Brown Swiss × Sahiwal cattle calving in the winter, followed in order by those calving in the monsoon and those calving in the summer. Selection of animals based on milk production alone was also found to increase the yield of milk constituents.

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Lactation curve model with explicit representation of perturbations as a phenotyping tool for dairy livestock precision farming

10.1101/661249 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ben Abdelkrim Ahmed ◽

Puillet Laurence ◽

Gomes Pierre ◽

Martin Olivier

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Explicit Representation ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Fitting Procedure ◽

Lactation Curve ◽

Support Tools ◽

Curve Model ◽

Starting Date

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the effects of environment on livestock provides valuable information on how farm animals express their production potential, and on their welfare. Ruminants often face perturbations that affect their performance. Evaluating the effect of these perturbations on animal performance could provide metrics to quantify how animals cope with their environment and therefore, better manage them. In dairy systems, milk production records can be used to evaluate perturbations because (1) they are easily accessible, (2) the overall dynamics throughout the lactation process have been widely described, and (3) perturbations often occur and cause milk loss. In this study, a lactation curve model with explicit representation of perturbations was developed.MethodsThe perturbed lactation model is made of two components. The first one describes a theoretical unperturbed lactation curve (unperturbed lactation model), and the second describes deviations from the unperturbed lactation model. The model was fitted on 319 complete lactation data from 181 individual dairy goats allowing for the characterization of individual perturbations in terms of their starting date, intensity, and shape.ResultsThe fitting procedure detected a total of 2,354 perturbations with an average of 7.40 perturbations per lactation. Loss of production due to perturbations varied between 2% and 19%. Results show that the number of perturbations is not the major factor explaining the loss in milk yield over the lactation, suggesting that there are different types of animal response to challenging factors.ConclusionsBy incorporating explicit representation of perturbations, the model allowed the characterization of potential milk production, deviations induced by perturbations (loss of milk), and thereby comparison between animals. These indicators are likely to be useful to move from raw data to decision support tools in dairy production.

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Dietary supplement of the rumen protected methionine and milk yield in dairy goats

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-50-273-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 273-278

Author(s):

N. Poljičak-Milas ◽

T. S. Marenjak

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Control Period ◽

Fat Content ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Great Probability ◽

The Third ◽

On Farm

Abstract. The experiment was conducted on three farms of dairy goats. The experimental groups of animals were during the four months period supplemented with 5g Mepron®, (Degussa, Germany), daily. Milk yield, milk protein and milk fat content were recorded throughout the experiment. The milk production was statistically higher in the experimental group of animals on two farms, farm 1 and farm 3 in the first control period, a month after the application, whereas on farm 2, the higher milk production was present in the third and forth control period, two and three months after the application. During the experiment there was no statistically differences in milk protein and milk fat content between experimental and control groups on farm 1 and farm 2, whereas on farm 3 the milk fat content was statistically lower during the Mepron® supplementation. In conclusion, the higher milk production in the first control period on farm 1 and 3 with great probability referred to the influence of Mepron®. The higher milk production on farm 2 in the third and fourth control period coincided with introduction of alfalfa hay in daily ration, that may have enriched the amino acid supply.

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