scholarly journals Occupational legacy: An analysis of young people in rural work

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Magno Rogério Gomes ◽  
Leonardo Aparecido Santos Silva ◽  
Ednaldo Michellon ◽  
Solange de Cassia Inforzato de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Family Expectations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rural Work ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty

This study aims to analyze the probability of young people living in rural areas performing the same occupations as their parents in the Brazilian labor market, based on the PNADC 2017 - National Continuous Household Sample Survey - and the measure of conditional probabilities. The results show that the profession of the young is marked by the family professional trajectory and family expectations. Male sons inherit their father's occupations, while daughters inherit their mother's occupations. Children whose fathers and mothers are in the same occupation, regardless of gender, are more likely to perform the same occupation as their parents, but this tendency is lower in single-parent families. Occupational legacy may promote a poverty trap whether occupation is secondary, with low wage and precarious work generating a vicious cycle of poverty. Young people are also influenced by their parents in relation to human capital, which will determine their occupation and work remuneration. The higher the educational level of young people the greater the chances of pursuing different professions from their parents. These results confirm the importance of education in rural areas, which contributes to a better quality of life for rural families.

scholarly journals Trabalhadores e famílias rurais na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo: diversificação dos rendimentos e características familiares em 2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Maria Sansigolo de Figueiredo ◽  
Bruna Angela Branchi ◽  
Angela Antonia Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
The Family

O rural da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) pode ser considerado um caso extremo de rural, altamente integrado com o espaço urbano. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as condições das famílias rurais na RMSP e contrastar os resultados com as famílias rurais residentes em áreas não-metropolitanas do estado de São Paulo em 2008, focalizando em aspectos relacionados à ocupação, renda, pobreza. Complementarmente, os resultados para2008 são contrastados com os de 2004. A base de dados é fornecida pela Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2004 e de 2008. As famílias rurais foram classificadas em agrícolas, não-agrícolas e pluriativas e segundo dois cortes geográficos (RMSP e demais áreas rurais do estado de São Paulo). Os resultados indicam que o rural metropolitano é eminentemente não-agrícola, constituído porfamílias ocupadas em atividades não-agrícolas, caracterizadas pela maior presença de jovens, maior escolaridade, empregos formais e acesso a itens como água encanada. No entanto, essas famílias estão em piores condições quanto à renda e pobreza comparativamente às famílias rurais não metropolitanas. A proporção pequena de ocupados na agricultura sugere que a proximidade com a metrópole, apesar de oferecer algumas vantagens para as famílias rurais não representa uma integração rural-urbana, uma vez que a ruralidade da família em torno da ocupação agrícola e da agricultura familiar está muito distante desse grupo.Rural workers and families in the Metropolitan area of São Paulo: earnings diversification and families´characteristics in 2008Abstract: The rural area of the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo city (RMSP) may be considered a singular situation of rural area, highly integrated to the urban center. In this context, the main purpose of this article is to investigatethe socioeconomic conditions of the rural families. Aiming to this objective a comparison was undertaken between rural families living in the metropolitan area (RMSP) and those living in other rural areas of the state, with special attentionto occupation, income and poverty. Data base comes from the 2004 and 2008 National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) from IBGE (Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute), considering two samples of the rural families: type of family(agricultural, non-agricultural and pluriactive); and region (the metropolitan rural area RMSP and the other rural areas of the state of São Paulo). The results suggest that most families in the metropolitan rural area have their membersoccupied in non-agricultural activities. In general, these families are characterized by a stronger presence of youngsters, higher educational level, greater proportionof formal jobs and access to basic public services as piped water. Nevertheless, with respect to income and poverty, these families present worse conditions, when compared to the non-metropolitan rural families. The small proportion of workers engaged in agricultural activities suggests that the proximity with the metropolis does not contribute to a rural-urban integration, given that the rurality of the family, expressed by the agricultural occupation and the family farming, is not a peculiarity of this group.Key-words: rural families; Metropolitan area of Sao Paulo city.JEL: J08; J29.

scholarly journals Changes in Decision Making Process and Authority in Families in Rural Punjab: A Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Neha Wasal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family System ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization

This study was planned to find the changes occurring in rural family institution in Punjab and its major consequences. This study was done in Sangrur and Ludhiana district of Punjab to analyse the changes occurring in family institution and it was found that structure of family system have been significantly changed. The present study was conducted to assess the causes and consequences of changing family institution in two districts of Punjab by taking a sample of 320 respondents, with the following objectives: (i) To highlight the changes occurring in the family structure of rural areas, (ii) to pinpoint the factors responsible for the changes in rural families, (iii) to examine the social, economic, cultural and psychological impact of changing role of families.  Respect of elders by children has declined significantly, as 84% of the respondent feel that their importance had been decreased in the family. Place of giving birth to child has also been changed from home (26%) to Hospital (74%) at two point of time.  Agriculture has loosened its position of prime occupation preference among farm families in recent past. Only 8 per cent of the respondents prefer agriculture for their children. Socialization process of children have changed as 82% of the respondents said that children use more technology in 2015 while, 29% and 41% replied that children do not attend family conversation and do not perform household work respectively. The use of technology of various types has increased significantly in family life from 1990 to 2015. A notable finding of study showed a shift from individual (male) to collective decision with regard to various issues of families, particularly the education of children. Similarly there is a decline in performance of various traditional rituals. Increased show off culture (85%), impact of urbanization (64%), lack of job opportunities (79%), self centred attitudes of family members (76%), increase use of technology (85%) came out as main factors responsible for generating changes in the institution of family. Lack of patience among members, increasing problem of aged and children, increasing conflicts among families and changing types of families were major consequences. Adequate interaction in family to keep the emotional bonding, judicious use of technology, inculcating moral values among children and shunning the materialistic tendency were some of the suggestions given for smooth functioning of families in the rural areas.

An Analysis of Contemporary Japanese Rural Families

2014 ◽  
pp. 122-136
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
The Family ◽  
Individual Self

Many Japanese researchers have suggested that both Japanese and Western societies are experiencing individualization of the family; whether or not this is the case in Japanese rural farming villages remains unclear. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate this question using a case study. The research involves interviews of families living in rural areas within the Shimane Prefecture, each engaged in agriculture, forestry, and/or fishery. The emerging picture is that it is increasingly difficult to find traditional Ie in rural farming villages today. For the rural farming family, individual freedom is important. However, respecting individuals seems to occur for the purposes of maintaining unity of the family as a group rather than for the purpose of individual self-realization. Therefore, emphasizing individual freedom does not mean conflict among family members (i.e., enforcement of competition with other family members or compromises by them).

Young People and Employment in the South West

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dunkerley ◽  
Claire Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
South West ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family

From a comprehensive survey of over 1200 17 and 18 year olds in Devon and Cornwall, the paper concentrates on the economic position of young people. Important differences were found between the young people in urban and rural areas. Of interest here is the role played by them in the local economy. The rural South West is shown to be characterized by a prevalence of self-employment and small businesses. Furthermore, factors such as a shortage of housing and travelling difficulties leads to different kinds of interdependence between parents and children in rural areas from those found in urban areas. Although in rural areas a dependence of young people upon the family was found, this was balanced by the dependence of the family on them in the sense of a young person’s labour often being a crucial part of the family business. This interdependence is intensified in many rural businesses where there is often no geographical separation of home and workplace. The far South West experiences some of the highest unemployment and the lowest wages in the UK and yet young people in rural areas were found to have developed coping strategies manifested in both formal and informal work practices, casualization and self-employment. The ‘pluriactivity’ found shows young people socialized into long hours, hard work and poor rewards. It is clear from the results that young people are not simply passively dependent upon the household nor that the flow of resources goes simply from parents to children. Small scale rural enterprises in which young people are employed or seek to be employed still show a marked gender division of tasks. Further, it was difficult in many instances to make a clear distinction between work and non-work although again distinct gender differences are visible.

scholarly journals Improving the Quality of Training of Engineering Personnel for the Agro-Industrial Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00130
Author(s):  
Farida Nezhmetdinova ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Guzel Fassakhova ◽  
Bulat Ziganshin ◽  
Andrey Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Engineering Personnel

The article notes the need to improve the quality of engineering personnel training for the agricultural economy. This is due to the fact that the development of modern agricultural production and the sharply accelerated processes of developing and implementing innovative technologies in production against the background of increasing attention to digital technologies in agriculture require a radical modernization of the technical base of the agricultural sector of the economy. The article presents the concept of agricultural classes for young people in rural areas. This concept represents a positive experience of early involvement of young people in agricultural specialties and especially engineering personnel. A special feature of this approach is the involvement of specific agricultural producers, who are anchor employers in these territories, in the early career guidance of young people. The importance of agricultural classes is that already at school, the student can form his attitude to agriculture and by the time of graduation decided what profession and specialty he wants to master. The connection between school and university formed with the help of agricultural classes helps today's students to make a choice that will determine their future life. And its correctness depends not only on the future of one person, but also on the agriculture of the country as a whole. The article presents the experience of creating and operating agricultural classes created in the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) by Kazan State Agrarian University, which can be replicated for other countries and will help reduce the negative trends of the shortage of qualified engineering personnel for agricultural production.

scholarly journals An overview of family fish farming: social, politics and food security implications

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e14011124602
Author(s):  
Elayna Cristina da Silva Maciel ◽  
Tatiana Cristina da Rocha ◽  
Rodrigo Lopes de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Personal Consumption

One characteristic that can be observed in family farming is the diversity of activities that are carried out concurrently on the property, providing and guaranteeing products for personal consumption or sale over the course of the year. Fish farming, an activity destined for fish production, is often one of these activities developed by family farmers and contributes to the access to quality protein for rural families and to increase income. Furthermore, the techniques used for fish production in family farming can foment a sustainable form of production. However, the lack of incentives regarding extension projects, marketing barriers, the lack of integration of traditional communities in decision making, and the absence of adequate technical information for the reality of rural properties make this activity limited and even ineffective in some regions. The encouragement of this activity could provide family farmers with improved economic conditions and food security and, consequently, the reduction of poverty in rural areas. The present study originated from a bibliographic review that addresses the activity of fish production and its impacts on the development of rural family activities, food security, and public and social policies for the maintenance, regularity, and quality of the final product.

scholarly journals Practice Plight of Spiritual Support in Rural Areas under Epidemic Situation ——Take the countryside of B County in H Province as an example

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Family Assistance ◽  
The Social

This paper based on the ecological system theory, takes the countryside of B County in H Province as an example. In the consideration of the investigation to the spiritual support in rural areas under epidemic situation, it has found the main factors that may affected the practice plight of spiritual support including generation imbalance in rural families, weakening of social responsibilities, the main body established by relevant policies is not active in participation, and the insufficient concerted effort of the social support system constructed. Therefore, it suggests to establish the concerted platform for the national aged mental health professionals, clarify the “three-in-one” operation mechanism, build up the consultant system for the mental health of rural aged people, improve the family assistance efficiency for spiritual support, encourage the deep participation of spiritual support of offspring, and provide potential to improve the living quality of the rural aged people.

scholarly journals PEECH CULTURE AS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL HEALTH OF YOUTH

PRIMO ASPECTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Ekaterina ODINTSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status

Speech behavior is a sociocultural phenomenon that characterizes not only the peculiarities of a person’s cultural space, but also the quality of his moral health, and therefore can be viewed in the format of a healthy lifestyle. The most important characteristic of the moral health of society is the speech culture of young people. Theoretical and applied research presented in the article showed contradictions that exist in the attitude of students to speech behavior: a relatively satisfactory indicator of the desire of young people to improve the literacy of speech culture is combined with tolerance to the absurd, abusive vocabulary. The family and the status of educational institutions in which the respondents are studying has a significant influence on the formation of speech culture.

scholarly journals Work accidents with children and youth in a rural environment in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiani Modernel Xavier ◽  
Marta Regina Cezar-Vaz ◽  
Clarice Alves Bonow ◽  
Maria Denise Schimith
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Rural Work

Objective: to know the prevalence of occupational accidents in children and youth who work with their families in the rural environment and to identify the associated factors. Method: exploratory, descriptive and analytical study with quantitative approach, developed in three rural areas. Participants were 211 children and young people who assisted the family in rural work. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Student’s t and Mann-Whitney tests and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. Results: the prevalence of self-reported occupational accidents was 55%. It was highlighted: insect bites (44%), burns (40.5%), falls (27.6%), injury with a working tool (16.4%), electric shock (15.5 %), burn by animal (8.6%), animal bite (6.9%) and pesticide poisoning (2.6%). These were related to shared housing, leisure activity - riding a motorcycle, product resulting from lettuce cultivation and use of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: it is believed that these findings may enhance the development of public policies aimed at preserving the health of these children and young people, regulate working conditions and reduce occupational risks in the rural environment.

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