scholarly journals COMPLEX X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF THE VERTEBRO-NEUROLOGICAL SYNDROMES IN PATIENTS WITH DYSTROPHIC DISEASES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Valery Smirnov ◽  
Maria Savvova ◽  
Viktor Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Study Results ◽  
General Signs ◽  
Ray Methods ◽  
Ct And Mri

Traditional X-ray methods identify general signs of a dystrophic process in 82.2% of cases but they do not provide suffi cient information about the nature of a pathological process, lesion prevalence and localization, a level and a degree of compression of neurological and vascular elements of the vertebral canal. Specifi city of X-ray imaging in the identifi cation of a dystrophic process nature is just 47.8%. X-ray imaging and T1-,T2-weighted MRI are enough for examining patients with discogenic changes of the vertebral segments; their combined results are highly effective (99.4%). Spiral CT and MRI are complementary methods for the examination of patients with dystrophic diseases of the lumbar spine; when used together their eff ectiveness reaches 95.4%. The comparative assessment of sensitivity, specifi city and accuracy of modern methods of X-ray diagnostics, development of an algorithm of the examination of patients with dystrophic diseases of the lumbar spine were performed on the basis of the study results.

A Voxel Phantom Based Monte Carlo Computer Program for Optimisation of Chest and Lumbar Spine X Ray Imaging Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandborg ◽  
G. McVey ◽  
D.R. Dance ◽  
J. Persliden ◽  
G.A. Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Voxel Phantom ◽  
X Ray Imaging

A study and optimization of lumbar spine X-ray imaging systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (903) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
G McVey ◽  
M Sandborg ◽  
D R Dance ◽  
G Alm Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Instrumental Diagnosis Methods for ENT Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Petr Arkadiyevich Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Acoustic Resistance ◽  
Hearing Assessment ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses Ct ◽  
Ct And Mri

As with any other clinical discipline, otorhinolaryngology uses both simple investigation methods including external examination of ENT organs with an otoscope, rhinoscope and laryngoscope, and more complex ones requiring the use of special devices and equipment. The latter include X-ray examination, US diagnostics, endomicroscopy of the nose and paranasal sinuses, CT and MRI (in case the study of soft tissue formations is needed). To study the auditory analyser functions and the labyrinth state, a number of functional tests are performed including stabilometry or postulography. Audiometry is performed with electroacoustic instruments and can be subjective and objective. Impedancometry, a method of objective hearing assessment, based on measuring the acoustic resistance of a soundconducting device, is used to determine the location and nature of the auditory system disorders. All these methods help establish the correct diagnosis, clarify the localisation of the pathological process and prescribe the correct treatment.

Possibilities of differentiation of various processes that cause focal destruction of small and flat bones in children

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Statistical Relation ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Surrounding Bone ◽  
Ct And Mri

Purpose of the study. Systematize Rg, CT and MRI semi-otics of destructive processes in flat and spongy bones in children and determine the diagnostic significance of various X-ray signs for differentiating tuberculosis and other destructive processes and the statistical relation-ship between them. Material and methods. 123 children with suspected tuberculous osteitis were selected for the study. Tuberculous osteomyelitis was detected in 80 (65.1%) patients, nonspecific osteomyelitis in 27 (21.9%), non-bacterial osteomyelitis and oncological processes in 8 (6.5%), respectively. Results. Fistulous process is more common in tuberculous osteomyelitis. Temperature rise to febrile numbers — in patients with nonspecific osteo-myelitis. Their combination was found only with tubercu-losis. Tuberculosis was characterized by large (>10 mm), single cavities with a clear contour, with the presence of sequesters. Nonspecific osteomyelitis was characterized by smaller (5–10 mm), single cavities without destroying the cortical closing plate. In case of non-bacterial osteo-myelitis, multiple cavities with a clear contour, with the presence of sequesters, were more oftenly detected. Oncological processes were characterized by swelling of the bone with the presence of periostitis, as well as large single cavities with a clear contour, with sclerotic chan-ges in the surrounding bone tissue. In some cases, a solid component in soft tissues was visualized. Conclusion.The radiological and cli nical picture is often non-specific for the pathology in question, however, the identification of some symptoms makes it possible to suspect a certain pathological process with a certain degree of probability, which ultimately should lead to a shortening of the diag-nostic pause

scholarly journals Radiography student comparison performing lumbar and thoracic spine imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejc Mekiš ◽  
Rebeka Viltužnik
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Spine Imaging ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Thoracic And Lumbar Spine ◽  
Area Product

Introduction: General radiography is a common imaging technique and X-ray examinations of the thoracic and lumbar spine are among the most frequent procedures undertaken. The aim of this research was to investigate the success rate, dose-area product (DAP), and effective dose values of 1st and 2nd cycle radiographer students performing X-ray imaging of the thoracic and lumbar spine using a phantom. Methods: The students were divided into four groups according to the year of study (1st, 2nd, and 3rd years of 1st cycle degree, and all 2nd cycle degree students). They were asked to perform imaging of thoracic and lumbar spine on the phantom in both anteroposterior and lateral projections where IQ and DAP measurements were collated. The study was blind, so they did not know about the purpose of the study. Results: First, we have inspected the acceptability rate of the images performed. The highest success rate of performing an optimal image was discovered with the 2nd cycle degree students where the 1st year students had the most difficulties there. In the second part, DAP and effective dose values were compared, only for the acceptable images in which case the 1st and 2nd years, students of the 1st cycle degree were most successful. Conclusion: Based on that, we can conclude, that the 2nd cycle degree students had the lowest rejection rate regarding the optimal image quality, which was the price of using a larger primary X-ray field which leads to higher dose values.

scholarly journals Common Mistakes in the Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in Turkey. A Retrospective Descriptive Multicenter Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yavuz Karahan ◽  
Bugra Kaya ◽  
Banu Kuran ◽  
Ozlem Altındag ◽  
Pelin Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bmd Testing ◽  
Study Results

Background: Osteoporosis is a widespread metabolic bone disease representing a global public health problem currently affecting more than two hundred million people worldwide. The World Health Organization states that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the best densitometric technique for assessing bone mineral density (BMD). DXA provides an accurate diagnosis of osteoporosis, a good estimation of fracture risk, and is a useful tool for monitoring patients undergoing treatment. Common mistakes in BMD testing can be divided into four principal categories: 1) indication errors, 2) lack of quality control and calibration, 3) analysis and interpretation errors, and 4) inappropriate acquisition techniques. The aim of this retrospective multicenter descriptive study is to identify the common errors in the application of the DXA technique in Turkey. Methods: All DXA scans performed during the observation period were included in the study if the measurements of both, the lumbar spine and proximal femur were recorded. Forearm measurement, total body measurements, and measurements performed on children were excluded. Each examination was surveyed by 30 consultants from 20 different centers each informed and trained in the principles of and the standards for DXA scanning before the study. Results: A total of 3,212 DXA scan results from 20 different centers in 15 different Turkish cities were collected. The percentage of the discovered erroneous measurements varied from 10.5% to 65.5% in the lumbar spine and from 21.3% to 74.2% in the proximal femur. The overall error rate was found to be 31.8% (n = 1021) for the lumbar spine and 49.0% (n = 1576) for the proximal femur. Conclusion: In Turkey, DXA measurements of BMD have been in use for over 20 years, and examination processes continue to improve. There is no educational standard for operator training, and a lack of knowledge can lead to significant errors in the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation.

Pedicle thinning finding on X-ray imaging of the lumbar spine: a case of spinal conus dermoid cyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e395-e396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kemal Sivrioglu ◽  
Kemal Kara ◽  
Süleyman Tutar ◽  
Güner Sönmez
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Dermoid Cyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Defects of Platelet Function Recognized by X-Ray Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
M.G. Baldini ◽  
S. Morinaga ◽  
D. Minasian ◽  
R. Feder ◽  
D. Sayre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Scanning Electron

Contact X-ray imaging is presently developing as an important imaging technique in cell biology. Our recent studies on human platelets have demonstrated that the cytoskeleton of these cells contains photondense structures which can preferentially be imaged by soft X-ray imaging. Our present research has dealt with platelet activation, i.e., the complex phenomena which precede platelet appregation and are associated with profound changes in platelet cytoskeleton. Human platelets suspended in plasma were used. Whole cell mounts were fixed and dehydrated, then exposed to a stationary source of soft X-rays as previously described. Developed replicas and respective grids were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Designing high-resolution slow scan CCD-based TEM camera systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 946-947
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso ◽  
William B. Maxwell ◽  
Russell E. Camp ◽  
Mark H. Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phosphor Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Light Production ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Scintillating Fiber

The imaging requirements for 1000 line CCD camera systems include resolution, sensitivity, and field of view. In electronic camera systems these characteristics are determined primarily by the performance of the electro-optic interface. This component converts the electron image into a light image which is ultimately received by a camera sensor.Light production in the interface occurs when high energy electrons strike a phosphor or scintillator. Resolution is limited by electron scattering and absorption. For a constant resolution, more energy deposition occurs in denser phosphors (Figure 1). In this respect, high density x-ray phosphors such as Gd2O2S are better than ZnS based cathode ray tube phosphors. Scintillating fiber optics can be used instead of a discrete phosphor layer. The resolution of scintillating fiber optics that are used in x-ray imaging exceed 20 1p/mm and can be made very large. An example of a digital TEM image using a scintillating fiber optic plate is shown in Figure 2.

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