Seasonal Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Small Ruminants in YSR Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh, Indiash, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sirigireddy Sivajothi ◽  
Bhavanam Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Goats in and around Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusum Lata ◽  
G. Das ◽  
Nitesh Kumbhakar ◽  
Rupanjali Saiyam
Keyword(s):  
Faecal Sample ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism ◽  
Specific Species

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of goats in and around Jabalpur. During 9 months of study period, out of 1675 faecal sample of goats examined, 1224 (73.07%) were found positive for different gastrointestinal parasites. The maximum prevalence recorded was of Strongyles (61.43%) followed by Coccidia (25.97%), Amphistomes (9.73%), Monieziaexpansa (8.66%), Trichuris spp. (2.03%), Strongyloides spp. (1.79%) and Fasciolagigantica (0.66%). When prevalence was compared in goats maintained at field and farm conditions, significantly higher infection (P>0.01) was observed at farm (85.90%) as compared to field (67.22%) conditions. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism was found higher in adults (73.83%) in comparison to young goats (69.71%). Overall specific species prevalence showed strongyles infection was significantly higher (P>0.01) in adult (64.25%) as compared to young (48.86%) whereas Coccidia and Monieziaexpansa infection was observed significantly high in kids than adult goats. The seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was found significantly higher (P>0.01) in Monsoon (81.20%) and post-monsoon (76.66%) as compared to spring and winter seasons.

scholarly journals Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster egg counting method for detection of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants: a comparison study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Osires Lustosa Vieira ◽  
Lucia Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Marcos Antônio Bezerra-Santos ◽  
Lucas Azevedo dos Santos ◽  
Carla Lopes de Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Flotac Technique ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

The proper diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants requires the development of multivalent techniques characterized by high sensitivity, specificity, precision, reproducibility, and the ability to quickly detect and monitor infections that pose risks to animal health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Mini-FLOTAC technique and McMaster egg counting (gold standard) in the detection of gastrointestinal parasites of goats and sheep. A total of 789 fecal samples were analyzed (401 of sheep and 388 of goats). From those, nematode eggs were detected in 80.86% (638/789), being 72.57% (291/401) from sheep and 89.43% (347/388) from goats. The Mini-FLOTAC technique presented a better performance to detect helminth eggs in both goats (88.40%; 343/388) and sheep (71.57%; 287/401) (?2 = 10.358; p < 0.0001). Kappa analysis revealed a weak concordance between techniques for goats (k = 0.342; p < 0.001) and sheep (k = 0.281; p < 0.001). Data herein reported suggests that the Mini-FLOTAC is a technique more sensitive than the McMaster egg counting, therefore its use might be adopted for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infection in small ruminants.

The immune response and the evaluation of acquired immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle: a review

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. CLAEREBOUT ◽  
J. VERCRUYSSE
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Iga Response

The present review discusses the immune responses to gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle and the different immunological and parasitological parameters used to assess acquired immunity. Measuring acquired immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle (e.g. for the evaluation of candidate parasite vaccines) is hampered by the limited understanding of bovine immune responses against gastrointestinal parasites. In this paper the available data on protective immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes, and especially Ostertagia ostertagi, in cattle are compared with the current knowledge of protective immune responses against gastrointestinal nematodes in rodent models and small ruminants. In contrast to the immune response in mice, which is controlled by T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes and results in mast cell- or goblet cell- mediated expulsion of adult worms, bovine immune responses to O. ostertagi do not show a clear Th2 cytokine profile, nor do they result in rapid expulsion of the parasite. The first manifestation of immunity to O. ostertagi in calves is a reduction of worm fecundity, possibly regulated by the local IgA response. Worm numbers are only reduced after a prolonged period of host–parasite contact, and there are indications that O. ostertagi actively suppresses the host's immune response. Until the mechanisms of protective immunity against O. ostertagi are revealed, the use of immunological parameters to estimate acquired immunity in cattle is based on their correlation with parasitological parameters and on extrapolation from rodent and small ruminant models. Assessing the resistance of calves against a challenge infection by means of parasitological parameters is probably still the most accurate way to measure acquired immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Nyagatare District, Rwanda

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borden Mushonga ◽  
Dismas Habumugisha ◽  
Erick Kandiwa ◽  
Oscar Madzingira ◽  
Alaster Samkange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mcmaster Method

This study investigated the overall prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep and goats from five purposively selected subdivisions (sectors) of Nyagatare district from January to December 2014, after a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and generalized poor productivity was reported in small ruminants in some districts of Rwanda. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed using the Modified Wisconsin Sugar Floatation method and the Fluorescent-labeled peanut-lectin agglutination test while enumerations, as log (FEC), were done using the modified McMaster method. The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep and goats was 75.7% (n=949). The overall prevalence of H. contortus infection in sheep (83.4%, n=314) was higher than in goats (71.8%, n=635) (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.40-2.79, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in female goats (74.2%) was higher than in male goats (64.3%) (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.09-2.36, and p=0.01). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Nyagatare was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.76-5.99, and p≤0.001) and from Katabagemu (OR 3.67, 95% CI: 2.04-6.59, and p≤0.001). The prevalence of H. contortus infection in goats from Karangazi was higher than in goats from Matimba (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 2.40-9.28, and p≤0.001). The overall mean monthly log (FEC) for H. contortus in sheep and goats were highest in April (18.9±0.2 and 14.05±0.1, respectively) and October (19.25± 0.2 and 13.75±0.1, respectively). Though, overall, sheep in Nyagatare district were at greater risk of H. contortus infection and goats from Nyagatare and Karangazi sectors were paradoxically at greater risk of H. contortus infection. It was also apparent that young female goats were at greater risk of H. contortus infection than young male goats. H. contortus infection is endemic in small ruminants in Nyagatare district and possibly other districts in Rwanda. Targeted selective treatment (TST) using FAMACHA with emphasis on low-lying swampy pastures and appropriate anthelmintic drugs may be the most economically viable solution in the short term. In the long term breeding of H. contortus resistant small ruminants and strategic grazing using the concept of refugia may bring about considerable relief from H. contortus infection in Nyagatare district, in particular, and Rwanda at large.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Resistance of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Small Ruminants

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherrill A. Fleming ◽  
Tom Craig ◽  
Ray M. Kaplan ◽  
James E. Miller ◽  
Christine Navarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites

Nutritive value of bamboo as browse for livestock

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Halvorson ◽  
K.A. Cassida ◽  
K.E. Turner ◽  
D.P. Belesky
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Bamboo Leaves

AbstractSmall farms in Appalachia need management options that diversify income opportunities, are adaptable to new livestock management strategies, and help maintain environmental integrity. Plantings of temperate bamboo (Poaceae), including species native to West Virginia, were established to determine the potential nutritive value for small ruminants, such as goats (Capra hircus), at different times of the year. The bamboo species we evaluated, included several Phyllostachys spp., Semiarundiaria fastuosa and Arundinaria gigantea, were able to withstand Appalachian winter temperatures and retain some green leaves even in late winter. Although small differences were evident, the nutritive value was generally comparable among species and exhibited similar trends over the season. Total non-structural carbohydrates in bamboo leaves decreased throughout the growing season, and then remained stable or increased during winter. Conversely, crude protein was relatively low in young leaves compared to late season or over-wintered leaves. Concentrations of fiber and protein were sufficient to meet the maintenance needs of adult goats. The ability of bamboo to remain green and maintain the nutritive value throughout winter suggested that it has potential as winter forage for goats in central Appalachia. As an upright browse, bamboo may reduce the exposure of goats to gastrointestinal parasites. Perennial stands of temperate bamboo could prove to be a valuable, multiple-use crop suitable for Appalachian farm operations and easily adaptable to goat production systems.

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