scholarly journals Biochemical constituents of Excoecaria agallocha L. under different levels of NaCl stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rajendran Sozharajan ◽  
Sabanayagam Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Response of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in Excoecaria agallocha to salt stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
N. Jamuna ◽  
R. Sozharajan ◽  
M. Rajaravindran ◽  
S. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Mangrove Seedlings ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of NaCl stress on antioxidant enzymes activities was investigated in the leaves of Excoecaria agallocha. Plants were subjected to different levels of NaCl. 100 to 1000 mM. Above 500 mM these mangrove seedlings did not survive. The leaves of 60 day old plants were used for the analysis of enzyme activities. Parameters of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbic acid (ASA) and alpha tocopherol were determined. The highest CAT, POD, APX, PPO and SOD activities in the leaf and root enhanced gradually up to 300 mM of NaCl, the highest ASA and tocopherol activities in the leaf and root were observed at 500 mM of NaCl. These data suggest that the capacity to limit oxidative damage is important for the salt tolerance of E. agallocha.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 Promotes Wheat Seedling Growth under NaCl Stress Through Activating the Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Defense Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwu Zhang ◽  
Bingliang Xu ◽  
Yantai Gan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Different Levels

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and productivity worldwide. Species of Trichoderma are widely recognized for their bio-control abilities, but little information is regarding to the ability and mechanisms of their promoting plant growth and enhancing plant tolerance to different levels of salt stress. Hence, we determined (i) the role of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 (TL-6) in promoting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and seedling growth under different levels of salt stress, and (ii) the mechanisms responsible for the enhanced tolerance of wheat to salt stress by TL-6. Wheat seeds treated with or without TL-6 were grown under different levels of salt stress in controlled environmental conditions. As such, the TL-6 treatments promoted seed germination and increased the shoot and root weights of wheat seedlings under both non-stress and salt-stress conditions. Wheat seedlings with TL-6 treatments under different levels of NaCl stress increased proline content by an average of 11%, ascorbate 15%, and glutathione 28%; and decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) by an average of 19% and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 13%. The TL-6 treatments induced the transcriptional level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, leading to the increases of glutathione s-transferase (GST) by an average of 17%, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 16%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) 17%, glutathione reductase (GR) 18%, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) 5%. Our results indicate that the beneficial strain of TL-6 effectively scavenged ROS under NaCl stress through modulating the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes, regulating the transcriptional levels of ROS scavenging enzyme gene expression, and enhancing the nonenzymatic antioxidants in wheat seedling in response to salt stress. Our present study provides a new insight into the mechanisms of TL-6 can activate the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems and enhance wheat seedling tolerance to different levels of salt stress at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels.

scholarly journals QTL Analysis of Na+ and K+ Concentrations in Roots and Shoots under Different Levels of NaCl Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e51202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhoufei Wang ◽  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
Jinping Cheng ◽  
Yanyan Lai ◽  
Jianfei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Endophyte Colonization Enhances Tolerance of Casuarina Equisetifolia to NaCl Stress by Modifying Osmoregulation, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Phytohormones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Long ◽  
Anjie Liang ◽  
Jun Su ◽  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
Tao Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽  
Endogenous Plant Hormones ◽  
D 20 ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: Saline soils severely affect plant growth. Associations between endophytes and plants are known to significantly alter plant metabolism. This study reports the effects of a fungal endophyte species (Botryosphaeria ramosa ssp.) on osmoregulation, antioxidant enzymes, and the regulation of endogenous plant hormones in Casuarina equisetifolia under NaCl stress. C. equisetifolia plants, with and without B. ramosa ssp. colonization, were subjected to different levels of NaCl stress (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) for different amounts of time (0 d, 20 d, 40 d, and 60 d). Results: Antioxidant enzymes, phytohormones, and nutritive elements in the leaves and roots were determined. The results showed that colonization of the roots by B. ramosa ssp. improved the growth rate and dry weight of salt-stressed plants. Moreover, B. ramosa ssp. colonization increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxide but decreased the hydrogen peroxide content in the branches of C. equisetifolia under salt stress. Meanwhile, compared with non-colonized plants, endophyte colonization reduced the abscisic acid and proline contents but increased the contents of auxin, zeatin, and gibberellins. Importantly, the nutrient elements in the roots and branches of colonized plants were significantly different from those in the roots and branches of non-colonized plants under saline conditions. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that B. ramosa ssp. colonization can enhance the salt tolerance of C. equisetifolia. by improving the antioxidant enzyme content, regulating the phytohormones, and adjusting proline accumulation under NaCl stress.

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

Memory Processes, Aging, Cognitive Decline, and Neurodegenerative Diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Göran Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Modeling And Simulations ◽  
Aging And Health ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Different Levels

This paper presents four domains of markers that have been found to predict later cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disease. These four domains are (1) data patterns of memory performance, (2) cardiovascular factors, (3) genetic markers, and (4) brain activity. The critical features of each domain are illustrated with data from the longitudinal Betula Study on memory, aging, and health ( Nilsson et al., 1997 ; Nilsson et al., 2004 ). Up to now, early signs regarding these domains have been examined one by one and it has been found that they are associated with later cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disease. However, it was also found that each marker accounts for only a very small part of the total variance, implying that single markers should not be used as predictors for cognitive decline or neurodegenerative disease. It is discussed whether modeling and simulations should be used as tools to combine markers at different levels to increase the amount of explained variance.

Implications of Person Fluctuation for the Stability and Validity of Test Scores

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere J. Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Person Fit ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Fluctuation Model

In the IRT person-fluctuation model, the individual trait levels fluctuate within a single test administration whereas the items have fixed locations. This article studies the relations between the person and item parameters of this model and two central properties of item and test scores: temporal stability and external validity. For temporal stability, formulas are derived for predicting and interpreting item response changes in a test-retest situation on the basis of the individual fluctuations. As for validity, formulas are derived for obtaining disattenuated estimates and for predicting changes in validity in groups with different levels of fluctuation. These latter formulas are related to previous research in the person-fit domain. The results obtained and the relations discussed are illustrated with an empirical example.

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