Varia: When Trying to Resolve Aggressive Conflicts Online, is it more Effective to Employ Counter-Speech, or is it more Effective to Remove the Aggressive Content?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogomil Kalinov

The terms and conditions for using social platforms and the Internet grow more complex as governments struggle to provide instruments that avoid employing censorship techniques to revoke free speech, but at the same time provide online users with a safe environment and shelter from experiencing abuse or aggressive behavior. This ethical dilemma has apparently split Europe into two contradicting schools of thought. In July 2017 a search to identify relevant publications on the topic of online moral disagreement was conducted on the “Communication and Mass Media Complete” electronic database. The objective of the search was to find articles related to the topic, published in English between 2015 and 2018 with access to the full text. This systematic literature review is the final product of the materials found.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amzal Mortin Andas ◽  
Ashar Prima ◽  
Rohmi Rahmawati

Latar belakang: Berbagai masalah yang dapat muncul pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialysis diantaranya kelelahan. Salah satunya dengan menggunakan inhalasi aromaterapi Tujuan: Telaah litelatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inhalasi aromaterapi pada pasien hemodialisis lansia yang mengalami masalah kelelahan. Metode: Disain dalam penelitin ini menggunakan literature review. Pencarian menghunakan electronic database dilakukan di google scholar dan Pubmed dengan kata kunci: hemodyalisis patient, inhalation aromatheraphy and fatigue. Kriteria inklusi yang digunakan yaitu jurnal yang dapat diakses full text. Publikasi 10 tahun terakhir. Jurnal berbahasa Inggris. Telah ditemukan 4 artikel 2 google scholar, 2 pubmed. Membahas efektifitas aromaterapi untuk menurunkan kelelahan. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan telaah literatur pada artikel didapatkan bahwa terapi inhalasi aromaterapi dapat mengurangi skala kelelahan pada pasien hemodialisis. Diharapkan perawat lebih memperhatikan keadaan pasien hemodialisis yang mengalami kelelahan dan mengaplikasikan tindakan terapi inhalasi aromaterapi, sehingga tercapainya asuhan keperawatan yang bersifat holistik.


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S450-S450
Author(s):  
C. Llanes Álvarez ◽  
A. San Roman Uría ◽  
P. Nunes Nancabu ◽  
M. Ruiz Gippini ◽  
P. López Landeiro ◽  
...  

IntroductionThe term contrail is a contraction of condensation and trail, as chemtrail is of chemical and trail. The first one is used to name trails left in the sky by aircrafts under certain atmospheric conditions. Some people argue that when contrails do not dissipate quickly is because contain substances added and sprayed for sinister purposes undisclosed to the population (weather modification and biological and/or chemical war are the most common).ObjectiveExist various versions of the chemtrail theory, most of them propagated via the internet in discussions forums or websites, and to a lesser degree by the mass media such as TV and radio programs. The outspread popularity and diffusion of the theory has already become a reality. Scientific community has repeatedly rejected that chemtrails exist, insisting that are just contrails. We analyze this phenomenon.MethodsWe made a exhaustive literature review in Journals of Meteorology and Aviation, about the formation of condensation trails, in Social Pychology Journals about the genesis and dissemination of the chemtrails theory. Finally, we will make a brief presentation of documentation built around the theory of chemtrails in the province of Zamora (Spain), where is one of the most active spots in southern Europe.Conclusionsofficial statements on the non-existence of chemtrails have not discouraged the proponents of the theory of chemtrails.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Eti Wiyati Nurcahyani ◽  
Fera Kresyca ◽  
Nadila Sopya Indriyani ◽  
Fajaria Nurcandra

Cigarette consumption occurs throughout the world and is widespread among teenagers. Moreover, the existence of cigarette advertisements as a promotional media that is easily found in various mass media, can provide smoking influences to adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cigarette advertising on adolescent smoking initiation. This study uses a literature review. Google Scholar, Sciene Direct, and Proquest are used to select literature related to the topic to be discussed. The analysis in this study was also assisted with several articles found on the internet. Based on research, the influence of various types of cigarette advertisements in general in various countries can lead to smoking initiation among adolescents. The image in cigarette advertisements makes smokers look attractive. Teenagers who are exposed to cigarette advertisements are more open and have a high curiosity about the use of cigarettes. Some actions need to be taken to reduce cigarette consumption in adolescents, such as providing cigarette education to adolescents, as well as enforcement of strong anti-smoking advertising, promotion and sponsorship policies. So, the teenagers know and understand the harmful effects of using these cigarettes. Keywords: Cigarette advertisement, adolescent health, smoking.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amzal Mortin Andas ◽  
aini zahratulmawaddah ◽  
Ponirah

Hemodialisis dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam masalah salah satunya kelelahan, rata- rata 60-97% pasien mengalami kelelahan pada pasien hemodialisis. Oleh karena itu, komplikasi ini perlu dikendalikan serta diatasi agar kualitas hidup pasien tetap optimal, salah satu tindakan non farmakologi yaitu dengan memberikan aromaterapi inhalasi lavender. Telaah literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inhalasi lavender pada pasien hemodialisis dengan masalah kelelahan. Metode dalam karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah literatur review pencarian menggunakan electronic database yaitu google schoolar dan pubmed. Kata kunci yang digunakan dengan pencarian adalah Aromaterapi, Hemodialisis, Kelelahan . kriteria inklusi yang digunakan pada artikel yaitu dapat diakses full text, tidak berbaya, tersedia berbahasa inggris dan indonesia tahun jurnal yang digunakan dibatasi 5 tahun terakhir, hasil ditemukan masing-masing 1 jurnal dari google schoolar dan 4 pubmed, dari ke 5 artikel membahas keefektifan dari inhalasi lavender terhadap penurunan kelahan pada pasien hemodialisis. Hasil literatur review dari ke 5 artikel menunjukan bahwa 4 artikel inhalasi lavender efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat kelelahan pada pasien hemodialisis. Akan tetapi ada 1 artikel yang tidak efektif dalam penurunan tingkat kelelahan pada pasien hemodialisis. Hasil telaah literature review menunjukkan bahwa inhalasi aromaterapi menurunkan kelelahan pada pasien hemodialisis.


Author(s):  
Sajida Sajida ◽  
Ranjani Ranjani

The pandemic in Indonesia requires a moving from offline learning to online learning to reduce the spread of COVID-19. However, that practice facing some problem like the increment households spending for internet access, and inequality access technology. As a form of accountability and responsibility for these problems, the Indonesian government by the Ministry of Education and Culture made a policy of subsidizing internet quota for all teachers, students, and lecturers for four months. This subsidy was made to support distance learning during the pandemic. This article aims to examine the implementation of the internet quota subsidy policy. The literature review method is carried out by looking at previous research related to aid/subsidies policies during the crisis, policy implementation, and internet quota subsidy in Indonesia. The sources were collected from articles, reports, and mass media. The results show that looking at the output and the initiation, this policy has been running quite well as part of the government's agility response. However, this policy was not effective enough to support distance learning during the pandemic as a whole in Indonesia. Several findings indicate there is inequality of internet access in some outlying areas where the benefits of this policy cannot be felt.


2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.


Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-328
Author(s):  
Vishal Patel ◽  
Pravin H. Bhathawala

Anti Virus are nasty software’s. It is designed to damage computer systems without the knowledge of the owner using the system and technique advancements are posing big challenges for researchers in both academia and the industry. The purpose of this study is to examine the available literatures on Anti Virus analysis and to determine how research has evolved and advanced in terms of quantity, content and publication outlets. Most Anti Virus programs are large and complex and one can’t possibly understand every detail. Educating the internet users about Anti Virus attack, as well as the implementation and proper application of anti-Anti Virus tools, are critical steps in protecting the identities of online consumers against Anti Virus attacks.


2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Maresch

Durch den digitalen Medienwandel ist der Begriff der Öffentlichkeit problematisch geworden. Die Debatte fokussiert sich zumeist auf die Frage, ob die sogenannte bürgerliche Öffentlichkeit durch das Internet im Niedergang begriffen ist oder eine Intensivierung und Pluralisierung erfährt. Rudolf Maresch zeichnet die berühmte Untersuchung der Kategorie durch Jürgen Habermas nach und zieht den von ihm konstatierten Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit in Zweifel. Dagegen verweist er auf die gouvernementalen und medialen Prozesse, die jede Form von Kommunikation immer schon gesteuert haben. Öffentlichkeit sei daher ein Epiphänomen nicht allein des Zeitungswesens, sondern der bereits vorgängig ergangenen postalischen Herstellung einer allgemeinen Adressierbarkeit von Subjekten. Heute sei Öffentlichkeit innerhalb der auf Novitäts- und Erregungskriterien abstellenden Massenmedien ein mit anderen Angeboten konkurrierendes Konzept. Mercedes Bunz konstatiert ebenfalls eine Ausweitung und Pluralisierung von Öffentlichkeit durch den digitalen Medienwandel, sieht aber die entscheidenden Fragen in der Konzeption und Verteilung von Evaluationswissen und Evaluationsmacht. Nicht mehr die sogenannten Menschen, sondern Algorithmen entscheiden über die Verbreitung und Bewertung von Nachrichten. Diese sind in der Öffentlichkeit – die sie allererst erzeugen – weitgehend verborgen. Einig sind sich die Autoren darin, dass es zu einer Pluralisierung von Öffentlichkeiten gekommen ist, während der Öffentlichkeitsbegriff von Habermas auf eine singuläre Öffentlichkeit abstellt. </br></br>Due to the transformation of digital media, the notion of “publicity” has become problematic. In most cases, the debate is focused on the question whether the internet causes a decline of so-called civic publicity or rather intensifies and pluralizes it. Rudolf Maresch outlines Jürgen Habermas's famous study of this category and challenges his claim concerning its “structural transformation,” referring to the governmental and medial processes which have always already controlled every form of communication. Publicity, he claims, is an epiphenomenon not only of print media, but of a general addressability of subjects, that has been produced previously by postal services. Today, he concludes, publicity is a concept that competes with other offers of mass media, which are all based on criteria of novelty and excitement. Mercedes Bunz also notes the expansion and pluralization of the public sphere due to the change of digital media, but sees the crucial issues in the design and distribution of knowledge and power by evaluation. So-called human beings no longer decide on the dissemination and evaluation of information, but algorithms, which are for the most part concealed from the public sphere that they produce in the first place. Both authors agree that a pluralization of public sphere(s) has taken place, while Habermas's notion of publicity refers to a single public sphere.


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