Dhaka city drivers’ community knowledge, attitude and practice on water, sanitation and hygiene and associated factors: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is to consider the first step to improving the public health of urban people. Primary health-related risk factors are largely induced by urban people's daily WASH practice and this is the leading cause of mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) globally. About 28% of Bangladeshi people are living in urban areas and the megacity Dhaka accounts for around 40% of the urban population. In this explanatory research, we explored the knowledge, attitude and practice on WASH and associated factors of drivers’ communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Methods: The study was an observational descriptive cross-sectional study and both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The study was conducted between 03 September 2020, and 28 February 2021. A total of 109 drivers, 8 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 8 key informant interviews (KIIs) were also conducted.Results: The vast majority of drivers were middle age and a few were younger. The vast majority of drivers were experienced and the current job duration was about 7.94±8.33 years. The majority of drivers usually passed leisure time by playing ludo, chess, carrom, cards, chatting online on Facebook (FB), watching the drama on YouTube, watching television (TV), hearing radio programs and gossiping with colleagues. Two-third of the drivers disposing of food waste in the dustbin, and one-third kept inside the vehicle aiming to dispose of it dustbin although some of them throw it into the street.Conclusions: Study findings suggested that there is a need to create WASH facilities and intensive campaigns on hygiene and sanitation to create awareness among aged drivers to practice health and hygiene during duty hours.

Impact of Agriculture Radio Program among Rural Farmers: A Case Study of Nuwakot District of Nepal

The study has explored the impact of agriculture radio programs among rural farmers to increase their productivity and quality of life in rural area. It represents the positive effects of radio program on farmers who use to listen agriculture radio program regularly. This qualitative study was carried out by basic observation, focus group discussion, and in-depth interview as data collection tools. The study revealed that agriculture radio program had changed the knowledge, attitudes and practise of the farmers to increase productions. Agriculture radio programs were associated with various factual and fruitful activities, such as planting hybrid rice, off-season vegetables, using modern technique of farming, goat farming, poultry farming etc through agriculture radio programs. Enough resources, technical knowhow and incentives are crucial for the enhancement of the standards of life of farmers as well as their productivity.

Związki frazeologiczne i skrzydlate słowa wywodzące się z filmów w reżyserii Stanisława Barei (na wybranych przykładach)

In contemporary Polish, there are phrases and winged words that come from films, TV series, songs, the language of politics, advertising, popular TV and radio programmes. Among the well-established expressions from the film and TV series, there are permanent verbal connections derived from the films by S. Bareja. Fixed verbal connections stand out among them: Słuszną linię ma nasza władza, Jak jest zima, to musi być zimno, Narodziła się nowa świecka tradycja, Ile jest cukru w cukrze, Nie wiem, nie znam się, nie orientuję się, zarobiony jestem. These idioms, winged words appear in both canonical and modified form. The usual modifications change or replace parts of the original phrases. Innovation strengthens the invariant. Fixed verbal connections of this type are usually ironic and comic. They often fulfill a ludic or phatic function – their appearance is the sender’s communicative signal addressed to the recipient participating in the same culture which is being created today not only by literature, music, painting and other works of art, but also by films, TV series, television and radio programs and so on.

The Existence of Radio Republik Indonesia Banda Aceh in Educating Disaster Risk Reduction Efforts

<em><span>Radio is one of the media still used by the public either for having entertainment or gaining information. </span><span>Amid the rapid growth of television and internet, radio is still exhibiting its existence.</span><span> Radio’s involvement on the efforts of educating </span><span lang="IN">D</span><span>isaste</span><span lang="IN">r R</span><span>isk</span><span lang="IN"> R</span><span>eduction</span><span lang="IN"> (DRR)</span><span> to the public is crucial because it can be accessed conveniently in variety circumstances. This study focused on examining how the existence of Radio Republik</span><span>Indonesi</span><span lang="IN">a (RRI)</span><span> Banda Aceh in educating </span><span lang="IN">DRR </span><span>efforts for the public. </span><span lang="IN">It discussed about how the people obtain the DRR education through some radio programs concerning to DRR. RRI </span><span>Banda Aceh was chosen because it is the only one government owned radio in Banda Aceh that is responsible on educating the public through the broadcasting contents. This study was conducted by using a qualitative method. The data were collected by means of interviewing the leaders of </span><span lang="IN">RRI </span><span>Banda Aceh and observing the recording of the radio broadcasted contents related to the </span><span lang="IN">DRR</span><span>. This study, eventually, found that the existence of </span><span lang="IN">RRI </span><span>Banda Aceh in </span><span lang="IN">educating DRR </span><span>efforts was manifested in three different ways such as broadcasting disaster news, talk</span><span lang="IN">-</span><span>shows, and public service announcements. Those three ways ha</span><span lang="IN">d</span><span> their own advantages and disadvantages.</span></em>

Morphological Characteristics of English Football Language

Football is the most popular sport globally. It is considerably modern sport, nevertheless, attracted millions zealous followers. Several media outlets cover activities and events of football world-wide around the clock. The researcher has been attracted and encouraged by follow-up and study of hundreds of native English football texts on specialized sports and football media outlets as newspapers, magazines, T.V and radio programs as well as electronic sites. At the end of the study, the researcher has analyzed these texts linguistically and then classified them according to their morphological categorizations. Football morphological elements surfaced by the researcher include affixation, compounding, clipping, eponymy, and loans (borrowings). At the end of the study, the researcher has provided some related results and recommendations.

Communication with the public of the Ukrainian SSR KGB in the conditions of glasnost policy (1987–1989)

The article analyzes the main directions and forms of external open communications of the Soviet secret services at the second stage of their reorganization in the Gorbachev Era. It shows the general tendencies of the state security bodies’ implementation of the principle of openness. It highlights the peculiarities of “publicity and democratization” expansion in the operational and service activities of the USSR KGB in the Perestroika period. It is substantiated that in the second half of the 1980s in the USSR there was a transformation of the “repressive-communicative” system with a gradual transition from monologic communication to dialogic communication. At the same time, it is shown that the publicity of the Soviet secret services in this transitional period was influenced by both the specifics of their work and the prevailing propaganda model of communication in the USSR. It is emphasized that at that time the public contacts of the state security bodies with the population had a pronounced propaganda character.It is proven that the KGB of the Ukrainian SSR considered open communications as an important tool for influencing and manipulating public opinion. At the same time, they were provided through public (work with the media, creative unions, public organizations, meetings with employees of enterprises, institutions, organizations, etc.) and personal channels (consideration of applications and reception of citizens).Among the main areas of the communicative interaction of the Soviet secret services in Ukraine, the article deals with the following: public discrediting of national liberation movement members; popularization of state security bodies through mass media and creative unions, in particular the role of press groups in information and propaganda support of state security bodies; participation in rehabilitation processes; work with citizens’ appeals.The leading forms of such activities were as follow: meetings with labor collectives, roundtable discussions, thematic evenings, public meetings, organization of excursions to departmental rooms-museums; participation of representatives of state security bodies in public events; publications in the press, release of TV and radio programs, feature and documentary films dedicated to the Soviet secret services, organization of press conferences; conducting a personal reception of citizens, and correspondence based on the results of consideration of appeals.

Digital Transformation of Terrestrial Radio: An Analysis of Simulcasted Broadcasts in FM and DAB+ for a Smart and Successful Switchover

The process of digitizing radio is far from over. It is an important interdisciplinary aspect, involving Big Data and AI (Artificial Intelligence) when it comes to classifying and handling content, and an organizational challenge in the Industry 4.0 concept. There exist several methods for delivering audio signals, including terrestrial broadcasting and internet streaming. Among them, the DAB+ (digital audio broadcasting plus) system is one of the leading standards of terrestrial digital radio transmission. Compared with analog FM (frequency modulation) radio, it is more bandwidth efficient and offers greater possibilities when it comes to delivering content and forming an ensemble and multiplex. Currently, many countries worldwide, particularly European States, are still making adjustments in order to perform an efficient switchover from analog FM to digital DAB+ radio. This paper presents the current situation of the digital radio market as well as the results of a subjective quality evaluation study and questionnaire concerning broadcasting in both digital and analog techniques. It involves radio programs, transmitting both speech and music signals, simulcasted in DAB+ and FM standards. It also presents the development of the national multiplex. The results of this study may help both researchers and scientists as well as policy makers and professionals active in the field of broadcasting and electronic media and not to mention the consumption of multimedia content.

RADIO PROGRAMMES ON THE NATIONAL TV AND RADIO COMPANY OF CHUVASHIA FOR CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS IN THE SYSTEM OF SCHOOLCHILDREN UPBRINGING

Статья посвящена анализу роли детских радиопередач в обучении и воспитании подрастающего поколения с учетом возрастных особенностей аудитории на примере «НТРК Чувашии» («Национальное радио Чувашии» и «Тăван радио»). Материалом исследования послужили медиатексты, прозвучавшие в радиоэфире «НТРК Чувашии». В основу анализа легли методы эмпирического исследования радиопередач с учетом воспитательной функции звучащего материала. Радиожурналистика с момента своего зарождения отличается четкой возрастной ориентацией на аудиторию. В первой части работы дается психологическая характеристика дошкольников (3-7 лет). Анализируются и оцениваются радиопередачи, относящиеся к этой возрастной группе. В этом возрасте детям свойственна любознательность, непосредственность, подражание взрослым, героям кинофильмов и книг. Дошкольному возрасту свойственны сюжетно-ролевые игры, быстрая смена действий, короткий хронометраж, в радиоэфире звучат голоса персонажей известных сказок. Радиопередачи для данной возрастной группы на «НТРК Чувашии» - «Мĕншĕнкке» (Почемучка) и «Уйăхпи юмахĕсем» (Вечерняя сказка). Радиопередачи для младшего школьного возраста (7-12 лет) отличаются присутствием информационной аналитики. Их отличает сложная структура, наличие нескольких рубрик, обсуждение определенной проблемы и поиск путей ее решения. Это такие передачи, как: «Ачалăх урхамахĕ» (Сивка-Бурка), «Пĕрремĕш утăмсем» (Первые шаги), «Бухты-барахты», «Шăпăрлан» (Непоседы). Эти радиопередачи отличаются и жанровым разнообразием, наличием рецензий, комментариев, бесед. Во второй части анализируются радиопередачи для подростков (11-15 лет) и старшеклассников (15-17 лет). Анализ радиоэфира «НТРК Чувашии» доказывает, что современное региональное радио отличается малым количеством передач для подростков (11-15 лет) и старшеклассников (15-17 лет). В этом возрасте усиливается желание выглядеть старше своих лет, возрастает стремление оградить свою жизнь от контроля взрослых. Очень важно в этом возрасте знакомить старшеклассников с людьми, достигшими больших побед благодаря трудолюбию, стараниям и упорству. Данную цель выполняют передачи«Ырăлăх çăл куçĕ» (Родник добра) и «Шурăмпуç» (Заря). Радиоэфир для подростков и старшеклассников становится более разнообразным и с точки зрения тематики, оригинальности подачи материала, жанрового разнообразия, эмоциональности и экспрессивности. The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of children’s radio programs in the education and upbringing of the younger generation, taking into account the age characteristics of the audience as exemplified by “NTVRC of Chuvashia” (“National Radio of Chuvashia” and “Tavan Radio”). The material of the study was the media texts of “NTVRC of Chuvashia”. The analysis is based on the methods of empirical research of radio broadcasts, taking into account the educational function of the material. Since the very beginning, radio journalism has been characterized by a clear age orientation towards the audience. In the first part of the work, the psychological characteristics of preschoolers of 3-7 years old are given. Radio broadcasts related to this age group are analyzed and evaluated. At this age, children are characterized by curiosity, spontaneity, imitation of adults, heroes of movies and books. Preschool age is characterized by plot-role-playing games, a quick change of actions, short timekeeping, the voices of the characters of famous fairy tales. Radio programs for this age group on “NTVRC of Chuvashia”: “Meshenkke” (Whyer) and “Uyakhpi Yumakhesem” (Evening Fairy-tale). Radio programs for primary school age of 7-12 years old are characterized by information analytics in them. They are distinguished by a complex structure, several headings, discussion of a certain problem and the search for ways to solve it. These are such programs as “Achalakh Urhamakhe” (Sivka-Burka), “Pеrremesh Utamsem” (First Steps), “Buchty-barakhty”, “Shaparlan” (Restless). These radio programs are also distinguished by their genre diversity, presence of reviews, comments and conversations. The second part analyzes radio programs for teenagers (11-15 years old) and senior schoolchildren (15-17 years old). The analysis of the radio broadcast of “NTVRC of Chuvashia” proves that modern regional radio is characterized by a small number of programs for teenagers (11-15 years old) and senior schoolchildren (15-17 years old). At this age, the desire to look older than and become independent from adult control increases. It is very important at this age to introduce senior schoolchildren to people who have achieved great victories due to hard work, diligence and perseverance. This goal is fulfilled by the programs “Yralakh shchal Kushche” (Spring of Good) and “Shurampushch” (Dawn). The radio broadcast for teenagers and senior schoolchildren is becoming more diverse in terms of topics, originality of the presentation of material, genre diversity, emotionality and expressiveness.

Documenting the Everyday Hidden Resistance of Ride-Hailing Platform Drivers to Algorithmic Management in Lagos, Nigeria

Ride-hailing platforms such as Uber, an integral component in the global platform economy, are not only facilitating fluidity and so-called autonomy of labor; they are also creating an unfair working environment for workers. This phenomenon indicates the strength of a highly temporal and mobile capital, pitted against workers not just in Lagos but around the world. This article adopts James Scott’s notion of everyday resistance in exposing some of the hidden practices of platform drivers in Lagos. It finds that sabotaging and falsely complying through manipulating algorithms and gaming spaces for rewards are facilitated by social media and communication networks, are deliberate, hidden practices to subvert algorithmic control. While Lagos is a unique case in the global South, examples from global North cities highlight some peculiarity. A robust qualitative methodology was conducted comprising semistructured interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observations from forty Uber and Bolt trips. Other primary data sources include driver forums, attending driver training sessions and listening to transport radio programs. This article identifies temporal and spatial dynamics in recognizing everyday hidden practices as not always hidden, but dispersed and inconsistent because of the mutual learning capabilities between platform drivers and algorithmic managers. The hidden transcripts of platform drivers delve into public realms and back following, enabling platform drivers to develop new hidden practices, typifying a continuous power struggle in Lagos.

Soundscapes of Liberation

In Soundscapes of Liberation, Celeste Day Moore traces the popularization of African American music in postwar France, where it signaled new forms of power and protest. Moore surveys a wide range of musical genres, soundscapes, and media: the US military's wartime records and radio programs; the French record industry's catalogs of blues, jazz, and R&B recordings; the translations of jazz memoirs; a provincial choir specializing in spirituals; and US State Department-produced radio programs that broadcast jazz and gospel across the French empire. In each of these contexts, individual intermediaries such as educators, producers, writers, and radio deejays imbued African American music with new meaning, value, and political power. Their work resonated among diverse Francophone audiences and transformed the lives and labor of many African American musicians, who found financial and personal success as well as discrimination in France. By showing how the popularity of African American music was intertwined with contemporary structures of racism and imperialism, Moore demonstrates this music's centrality to postwar France and the convergence of decolonization, the expanding globalized economy, the Cold War, and worldwide liberation movements.