scholarly journals Parameters predicting postoperative unilateral disease in patients with unilateral prostate cancer in diagnostic biopsy: a rationale for selecting hemiablative focal therapy candidates

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Sfoungaristos ◽  
Petros Perimenis
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Focal Therapy ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Psa Density ◽  
Unilateral Disease

Background: Focal hemiablative therapy for prostate cancer is a new treatment alternative. Unilateral and unifocal disease are its main limitations. The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological, clinical and pathological parameters that may predict unilateral disease in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients at our institution between January 2005 and January 2011. Only patients with unilateral disease in prostate biopsy were part of the study. The analysis included age, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and its density, prostate volume, biopsy first and second Gleason pattern and Gleason summary, number of biopsy cores, percentage of cancer in biopsy material and the presence of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Their role as potential predictors was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: A total of 161 patients had unilateral disease after prostate biopsy. A significant correlation was found between prostate volume, PSA density and percentage of cancer in biopsy material and the presence of unilateral disease in the surgical specimen. These are the same factors significant in the univariate analysis. The results of the multivariate analysis demonstrated that PSA density (p = 0.015) and percentage of cancer in biopsy material (p = 0.028) are the most significant predictors.Interpretation: Our results demonstrate that PSA density and the percentage of cancer in biopsy cores are significant predictorsfor prostate cancer unilaterality and should be considered for theselection of hemiablative focal therapy candidates.

scholarly journals Integrated predictive model for prostatic cancer using clinical, laboratory and ultrasound data

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO DAVID LUDWIG ◽  
HENRIQUE PERES ROCHA ◽  
LÚCIO JOSÉ BOTELHO ◽  
MAIARA BRUSCO FREITAS
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Psa Density

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a predictive model to estimate the probability of prostate cancer prior to biopsy. Methods: from September 2009 to January 2014, 445 men underwent prostate biopsy in a radiology service. We excluded from the study patients with diseases that could compromise the data analysis, who had undergone prostatic resection or used 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Thus, we selected 412 patients. Variables included in the model were age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination, prostate volume and abnormal sonographic findings. We constructed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and calculated the areas under the curve, as well as the model's Positive Predictive Value (PPV) . Results: of the 412 men, 155 (37.62%) had prostate cancer (PC). The mean age was 63.8 years and the median PSA was 7.22ng/ml. In addition, 21.6% and 20.6% of patients had abnormalities on digital rectal examination and image suggestive of cancer by ultrasound, respectively. The median prostate volume and PSA density were 45.15cm3 and 0.15ng/ml/cm3, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that only five studied risk factors are predictors of PC in the study (p<0.05). The PSA density was excluded from the model (p=0.314). The area under the ROC curve for PC prediction was 0.86. The PPV was 48.08% for 95%sensitivity and 52.37% for 90% sensitivity. Conclusion: the results indicate that clinical, laboratory and ultrasound data, besides easily obtained, can better stratify the risk of patients undergoing prostate biopsy.

scholarly journals PSA Density Help to Identify Patients With Elevated PSA Due to Prostate Cancer Rather Than Intraprostatic Inflammation: A Prospective Single Center Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore M. Bruno ◽  
Ugo G. Falagario ◽  
Nicola d’Altilia ◽  
Marco Recchia ◽  
Vito Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Negative Biopsy ◽  
Psa Density ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Prostatic Inflammation

The association between PSA density, prostate cancer (PCa) and BPH is well established. The aim of the present study was to establish whether PSA density can be used as a reliable parameter to predict csPCa and to determine its optimal cutoff to exclude increased PSA levels due to intraprostatic inflammation. This is a large prospective single-center, observational study evaluating the role of PSA density in the discrimination between intraprostatic inflammation and clinically significant PCa (csPCa). Patients with PSA ≥ 4 ng/ml and/or positive digito-rectal examination (DRE) and scheduled for prostate biopsy were enrolled. Prostatic inflammation (PI) was assessed and graded using the Irani Scores. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess if PSA density was associated with clinically significant PCa (csPCa) rather than prostatic inflammation. A total of 1988 patients met the inclusion criteria. Any PCa and csPCa rates were 47% and 24% respectively. In the group without csPCa, patients with prostatic inflammation had a higher PSA (6.0 vs 5.0 ng/ml; p=0.0003), higher prostate volume (58 vs 52 cc; p&lt;0.0001), were more likely to have a previous negative biopsy (29% vs 21%; p=0.0005) and a negative DRE (70% vs 65%; p=0.023) but no difference in PSA density (0.1 vs 0.11; p=0.2). Conversely in the group with csPCa, patients with prostatic inflammation had a higher prostate volume (43 vs 40 cc; p=0.007) but no difference in the other clinical parameters. At multivariable analysis adjusting for age, biopsy history, DRE and prostate volume, PSA density emerged as a strong predictor of csPCA but was not associated with prostatic inflammation. The optimal cutoffs of PSA density to diagnose csPCa and rule out the presence of prostatic inflammation in patients with an elevated PSA (&gt;4 ng/ml) were 0.10 ng/ml2 in biopsy naïve patients and 0.15 ng/ml2 in patients with a previous negative biopsy. PSA density rather than PSA, should be used to evaluate patients at risk of prostate cancer who may need additional testing or prostate biopsy. This readily available parameter can potentially identify men who do not have PCa but have an elevated PSA secondary to benign conditions.

scholarly journals Clinical and pathological variables that predict changes in tumour grade after radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Sfoungaristos ◽  
Petros Perimenis
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Psa Density ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Preoperative Gleason score is crucial, in combination with other preoperative parameters, in selecting the appropriate treatment for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. The aim of the present study is to determine the clinical and pathological variables that can predict differences in Gleason score between biopsy and radical prostatectomy.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 302 patients who had a radical prostatectomy between January 2005 and September 2010. The association between grade changes and preoperative Gleason score, age, prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density, number of biopsy cores, presence of prostatitis and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was analyzed. We also conducted a secondary analysis of the factors that influence upgrading in patients with preoperative Gleason score ≤6 (group 1) and downgrading in patients with Gleason score ≤7 (group 2).Results: No difference in Gleason score was noted in 44.3% of patients, while a downgrade was noted in 13.7% and upgrade in 42.1%. About 2/3 of patients with a Gleason score of ≤6 upgraded after radical prostatectomy. PSA density (p = 0.008) and prostate volume (p = 0.032) were significantly correlated with upgrade. No significant predictors were found for patients with Gleason score ≤7 who downgraded postoperatively.Conclusion: Smaller prostate volume and higher values of PSA density are predictors for upgrade in patients with biopsy Gleason score ≤6 and this should be considered when deferred treatment modalities are planned.

scholarly journals Importance of prostate volume for detection of prostate cancer by first sextant biopsy in high-risk patients

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Vaičiūnas ◽  
Stasys Auškalnis ◽  
Aivaras Matjošaitis ◽  
Darius Trumbeckas ◽  
Mindaugas Jievaltas
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Antigen Level ◽  
Sextant Biopsy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of prostate gland volume, transitional zone volume, and transitional zone index for the detection of prostate cancer by the first sextant biopsy. Material and methods. A total of 121 men with high risk of prostate cancer were included in our study (prostate-specific antigen level higher than 4 ng/mL and/or pathological digital rectal examination). We consulted the patients in Outpatient Department of Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital during 2003–2006. Total prostate volume and transition zone volume were measured, and all patients underwent transrectal ultrasoundguided sextant biopsy of the prostate. According to histological results of prostate biopsy, patients were divided into two groups: benign group (benign prostate hyperplasia and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) and prostate cancer group. Statistical analysis was made by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 12.0.1 for Windows. Results. After histological examination, prostate cancer was detected in 20.7% of patients (n=25). Prostate cancer was found in 24.6% of patients with a total prostate volume of less than 60 cm3 and only in 8.2% of patients with a total prostate volume greater than 60 cm3 (P=0.026). Prostate cancer was found in 27.1% of patients with transition zone volume smaller than 30 cm3 and only in 7.5% of patients with transition zone volume greater than 30 cm3 (P=0.007). A statistically significant difference was found when patients were divided into the groups according to transition zone index: when transition zone index was lower than 0.45, prostate cancer was detected in 37.1% of patients, and when transition zone index was higher than 0.45, prostate cancer was observed in 9.1% of patients (P=0.001). The possibility to detect prostate cancer was 5.9 times higher in patients with transition zone index lower than 0.45. Conclusions. Prostate cancer detection rate by first sextant prostate biopsy in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen level and/or pathological digital rectal examination was higher when total prostate volume was less than 60 cm3, transition zone was less than 30 cm3, and transition zone index was less than 0.45.

Utility of prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy and cryotherapy.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Evan Kovac ◽  
Andrei Purysko ◽  
J. Stephen Jones ◽  
Cristina Magi-Galluzzi ◽  
Eric A. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Recurrent Prostate Cancer ◽  
Positive Biopsy ◽  
Primary Treatment Modality ◽  
Locally Recurrent

71 Background: We evaluated the accuracy of mpMRI for identifying locally recurrent prostate cancer after primary radiotherapy and cryotherapy. Methods: Between 2009-2015, 61 patients with evidence of rising PSA after external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (N = 33), brachytherapy (N = 6), and cryotherapy (N = 22) were evaluated for locally recurrent prostate cancer with mpMRI and prostate biopsy. Of these patients, 6 (10%) received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in combination with EBRT for a median of 24 months. Three of the cryotherapy patients received prior EBRT. Patients were identified from a prospective mpMRI database. All patients with a lesion of interest (LOI) underwent a ≥ 12-core, post-mpMRI cognitive fusion prostate biopsy. We excluded 16 patients with mpMRI who did not undergo prostate biopsy (5 positive, 11 negative). Results: Median age was 70 (IQR: 64-77). The median time from primary treatment to mpMRI was 5 years (IQR: 3-9) and the median PSA at mpMRI was 3.6 ng/mL (IQR: 2.1-5.5). Median prostate volume was 18.8 cc (IQR: 11.0-28.0 cc). mpMRI revealed lesions of interest (LOI) in 39 (64%) and 41 (67%) had biopsy-proven local recurrence. Of the 22 patients with negative mpMRI, 8 (36%) had a positive biopsy, with a median prostate volume of 19 cc, median maximum cancer length of 5 mm, median PSA of 2.5 and biopsy Gleason scores 3+3 (N = 1), 4+3 (N=2), 5+4 (N = 1), 5+5 (N = 1) and ungraded due to treatment effect (N = 3). Of the 39 patients with LOI on mpMRI, 33 (85%) had a positive biopsy. Table 1 summarizes the mpMRI and biopsy results. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of mpMRI to predict cancer diagnosis at biopsy was 80.5%, 70.0%, 84.6% and 63.6%, respectively. On univariate analysis, gland size (p=0.367), PSA (p=0.872), biopsy Gleason score (p=0.892) and primary treatment modality (p=0.177) did not significantly predict discrepancy between mpMRI and biopsy findings. Conclusions: mpMRI reliably identifies prostate cancer recurrence after primary radiation therapy and cryoablation. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Diagnostic efficacy and safety of transperineal prostate targeted and systematic biopsy: The preliminary experience of first 100 cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Mehmood ◽  
Khalid Ibraheem Alothman ◽  
Abdulaziz Alwehaibi ◽  
Samia Mohamed Alhashim
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Psa Density ◽  
Transperineal Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Post-biopsy urosepsis is a major concern for patient morbidity and cost. Trasperineal biopsy is reported to have less complications and higher detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).Objectives: To determine the diagnostic efficacy and safety of transperineal prostate biopsy in patients with elevated prostatic specific antigen (PSA). Material and methods: A prospective study included men with elevated PSA > 3 ng/ml and previous negative biopsy from January 2018 to April 2019. All patients had multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and suspicious lesions reported as Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) score version 2. Average twelve systematic and two targeted cores were biopsied under general anaesthesia. Patients received single dose of antibiotic prebiopsy. Results: 100 Consecutive patients having median age 64.0 years and median PSA of 6.1ng/ml were included for mpMRI-US fusion transperineal biopsies. Cancer detection rate was 45% (targeted 38% and systematic 22%) and csPCa were detected in 75.55% (targeted 86.84% and systematic 59.09%). MRI-US fusion targeted biopsies detected 63.88% csPCa in PIRADS 5, 33.33% in PIRADS 4 and 5.88% in PIRADS 3 lesions. PSA > 10 (p = 0.012), PSA density > 0.15 (p = 0.0002), and PIRADS 5 (0.0001) were significantly associated with PCa. Factors like Age (0.0001), initial PSA (0.022) and PSA density (0.006) were significant on univariate analysis while age (0.0001) was significant on multivariate analysis. There was no case of urinary tract infection. Conclusions: Transperineal prostate biopsy is safe and effective in diagnosing csPCa. There is no risk of sepsis and major complications.

scholarly journals CUT-OFF POINT OF PSA AND PSA DENSITY IN PROSTATE CANCER SUSPECTED PATIENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Simanjuntak ◽  
Ferry Safriadi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Psa Density ◽  
The Difference

Objective: In Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung prostate biopsy is recommended for patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels above 10 ng/mL or PSA density (PSAD) above 0.15 if PSA in between 4–10 ng/mL. However, there were other factors beside of prostate cancer (PCa) that could influence PSA value, such as racial differences and prostatitis. Thus, the optimal cut-off point for PSA is still debatable in national level. This research aimed to determine PSA and PSAD cut-off point for patient suspected of PCa in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Material & Methods: A total of 502 patients underwent prostate biopsy for suspicion PCa from 2010–2014. The cut-off point of PSA and PSAD is generated from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The cut-off point for PSA was 14.6 ng/mL (sensitivity 81.4%, specificity 29.8%). The cut-off point for PSAD was 0.23 (sensitivity 81.4%, specificity 34.8%). Positive predictive value (PPV) for this new cut-off point of PSA and PSAD were 41.1% and 37.6% respectively. Conclusion: PSA and PSAD cut-off point for patients in our center was 14.6 ng/mL and 0.23 respectively. This value is relatively higher compared to the Indonesian consensus. The difference might occur due to high rate of urinary tract infection in patients attending Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.

Comparison of prostate cancer detection rates between the Vienna nomogram and the 10-core biopsy protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Ersan Arda ◽  
Zafer Demir ◽  
Ilkan Yuksel ◽  
Mete Cek
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Tissue Sampling ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Biopsy Protocol ◽  
Lower Urinary

Objective: To compare the Vienna nomogram and the 10-core prostate biopsy protocol regarding whether there is superiority in prostate cancer detection. Methods: Between January and December 2012, a total of 215 patients applying to our outpatient clinic with lower urinary tract symptoms were evaluated, prospectively. Patients with a prostate-specific antigen level of 2.5–10 ng/mL and/or suspicious digital rectal examination were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were determined as recent pelvic radiotherapy, lower urinary tract surgery, history of acute urinary retention, or indwelling urinary catheter. Biopsies were taken systematically with at least 10 cores considering prostate volume and patient age. According to Vienna nomogram, in patients requiring 6- or 8-core biopsies, tissue sampling was completed to 10 cores (our standard protocol), whereas in patients requiring more than 10 cores additional tissue sampling was performed. Results: After the determination of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 170 patients were enrolled in our study. The median (min–max) age, prostate-specific antigen value, and prostate volume were 65 (48–86) years, 7.6 ng/dL (2.5–10), and 55 cc (17–150), respectively. Prostate cancer was detected in 49 (28.8%) patients with transrectal ultrasound–guided prostate biopsy according to the Vienna nomogram. We found that our standard 10-core biopsy protocol would have diagnosed prostate cancer in 46 (27.1%) patients in the same study group showing no statistically significant difference (p > 0.005). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that considering cancer detection rates no statistically significant differences were found between both methods. Further prospective research in this aspect is needed to define the ultimate prostate biopsy protocol.

scholarly journals The use of prostate specific antigen density to predict clinically significant prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Yusim ◽  
Muhammad Krenawi ◽  
Elad Mazor ◽  
Victor Novack ◽  
Nicola J. Mabjeesh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Density ◽  
Clinically Significant

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the predictive value of prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in men undergoing systematic transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. We retrospectively analyzed data of men who underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy because of elevated PSA (≤ 20 ng/ml) or abnormal digital rectal examination. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to compare PSA and PSAD performance and chi-square automatic interaction detector methodologies were used to identify predictors of clinically significant cancer (Gleason score ≥ 7 or international society of urological pathology grade group ≥ 2). Nine-hundred and ninety-two consecutive men with a median age of 66 years (IQR 61–71) were included in the study. Median PSAD was 0.10 ng/ml2 (IQR 0.10–0.22). Prostate adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 338 men (34%). Clinically significant prostate adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 167 patients (50% of all cancers and 17% of the whole cohort). The AUC to predict clinically significant prostate cancer was 0.64 for PSA and 0.78 for PSAD (P < 0.001). The highest Youden's index for PSAD was at 0.20 ng/ml2 with 70% sensitivity and 79% specificity for the diagnosis of clinically significant cancer. Men with PSAD < 0.09 ng/ml2 had only 4% chance of having clinically significant disease. The detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer in patients with PSAD between 0.09 and 0.19 ng/ml2 was significantly higher when prostate volume was less than 33 ml. In conclusion, PSAD was a better predictor than PSA alone of clinically significant prostate cancer in patients undergoing TRUS-guided biopsy. Patients with PSAD below 0.09 ng/ml2 were unlikely to harbor clinically significant prostate cancer. Combining PSAD in the gray zone (0.09–0.19) with prostate volume below 33 ml adds diagnostic value of clinically significant prostate cancer.

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