scholarly journals Pursuit of Truth in Doris Lessing’s Shikasta: Plato and Nagarjuna in Conversation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Shaereh Shaerpooraslilankrodi ◽  
Ruzy Suliza Hashim
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Intuitive Knowledge ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Self Transcendence

<p>In Doris Lessing’s novels, obtaining Truth to transcend the soul has been notably emphasized. Similarly, in <em>Shikasta, </em>the necessity<em> </em>to acquire genuine awareness has been focused as the mere way to self-transcendence. The detailed inspection of the novel explicates how human species live in amnesia, unable to remember their authentic reality and trapped in the disease of individuation. While the novel does not reject reason as the mean to “remember” the Truth, it mainly regards mindfulness and intuitive knowledge as a tool to achieve authenticity. The facets of amnesia and illusionary conception of the world make the novel a satisfactory text under both Plato’s and Nagarjuna’s interpretation of visionary world. However, its tilt towards non-dual patterns to attain Truth makes Nagarjuna’s approach a contribution to Plato’s rational manner in this regard. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to apply Plato and Nagarjuna’s pursuit of Truth to examine Lessing’s elucidation of authentic knowledge in <em>Shikasta</em>. The methodology appropriated in the paper entails depiction of visible world as an illusion of the Real pointed in Plato’s allegory of Cave and Nagarjuna’s Mundane Truth. We clarify emotion as the main motivator of such illusionary status stressed in both Plato and Nagarjuna’s thoughts. We argue that while the importance of reason and eradicating emotion cannot be ignored, what adjoins people to Truth is mindfulness and intuitive knowledge which is close to Nagarjuna’s non-dual patterns. By examining ordinary life as the illusion of Real, and emotion as the main obstacle to achieve the Truth emphasized in both Nagarjuna and Plato’s trends, we depart from other critics who undermine the eminence of essentialist trace in Lessing’s works and examine her approach towards Truth merely under postmodern lens. This departure is significant since we clarify while essentialism has been abandoned to a large extent and supporters of Plato have become scarce, amalgamation of his thoughts with spiritual trends opens a fresh way to earn authenticity in Lessing’s novel. </p>

scholarly journals Buddhist Precepts and the Diagnosis of Women’s suffering in Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Shaereh Shaereh Shaerpooraslilankrodi ◽  
Ruzy Suliza Hashim
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Female Self ◽  
The Core ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Dependent Arising ◽  
Mahāyāna Buddhism ◽  
Universal Nature

<p>In Doris Lessing’s fictions, the effects of the world outside on the female self-transcendence are invariably lost, and instead the journey in the world within is notably emphasized. Similarly in <em>The Golden Notebook</em> the didactic bend of the female enlightenment is firmly entrenched to the world within where personal harmonies parallel the mystical patterns of self-development. Moreover, the detailed exploration of the novel foregrounds the female characters’ hard effort to end their suffering which is the core of Buddhist teachings. Hence, while Lessing is not specifically attempting to portray Buddhist principles in her novel, her vision captures the universal nature of humankind’s attempts to overcome suffering which is the most emphasized concept in Buddhism. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to use Buddhist philosophical thoughts, particularly the founding of the pioneer of Mahayana Buddhism, Nagarjuna, in his book <em>Mulamadhyamakakarika </em>to look more closely at the root of women’s suffering and their prescription to overcome it. The methodology appropriated entails depiction of clinging as the root of female suffering which is overtly discussed in Nagarjuna’s philosophy. After diagnosis of clinging disease as the root of suffering, this paper presents Nagarjuna’s prescription to end suffering through viewing the “empty” nature of beings and “dependent arising”. By examining the root of female suffering and offering the method for its eradication, we depart from other critics who examine Lessing’s works under Sufi mystic thoughts. This departure is significant since we reveal, unlike Sufi patterns within which the suffering is only diagnosed, Lessing’s mystic aim in shaping her female characters is not only to detect their suffering, but like Buddhism, to suggest a prescription for it. </p>

Middlemarch

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Eliot ◽  
David Russell
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
George Eliot ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Central Characters ◽  
Insight Into

‘The growing good of the world is partly dependent on unhistoric acts.’ The greatest ‘state of the nation’ novel in English, Middlemarch addresses ordinary life at a moment of great social change, in the years leading to the Reform Act of 1832. Through her portrait of a Midlands town, George Eliot addresses gender relations and class, self-knowledge and self-delusion, community and individualism. Eliot follows the fortunes of the town's central characters as they find, lose, and rediscover ideals and vocations in the world. Through its psychologically rich portraits, the novel contains some of the great characters of literature, including the idealistic but naïve Dorothea Brooke, beautiful and egotistical Rosamund Vincy, the dry scholar Edward Casaubon, the wise and grounded Mary Garth, and the brilliant but proud Dr Lydgate. In its whole view of a society, the novel offers enduring insight into the pains and pleasures of life with others, and explores nearly every subject of concern to modern life:. art, religion, science, politics, self, society, and, above all, human relationships. This edition uses the definitive Clarendon text.

SURVEY OF DISASTERS IN THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY OF I AM MALALA (I AM MALALA: THE GIRL WHO STOOD UP FOR EDUCATION AND WAS SHOT BY THE TALIBAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Lale Massiha
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Real ◽  
Normal Part ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Literature

I am Malala, the real story of the struggles of a girl who, unlike her elderly, did not remain silent, injustice and in order to bring the voices of the Pakistani girls to the victims of the bullying of the Taliban. Malala Yousafzai has gained world renown and released the story of her life with the help of Christina Lem in the story of a biography in 2013. Malala's militant spirit and his rhetoric have been of great interest to the world. But what caused Malala's fate was evil and evil that he had in his life from the beginning of his birth in various ways. In the present study, Kant's viewpoint is about moral misconduct, which suggests that evil does not have a super-human origin. Based on this, evil is being studied at its various levels and in the stages of Malala's life. In addition, John Kick's and Claudia Cardre's ideas have been used to analyze the intentions, motives, feelings and responsibilities of evil, organizational and individual evil in the novel "I am Malala". In other words, with the help of these theories and definitions, there are some kinds of evil in the novel, which at first glance is a normal part of the life of the characters of the story. The false beliefs and insistence on their continued existence make the various bad forms in Malala's life. With a carefulreading of the novel, one can show badly in the society and the context in which the story is formed. In a nutshell, theorists, including Hannah Arendt, refer to Hitler and the Holocaust, and then cite other examples. The present study seeks to add the Taliban to this list by showing the organizational weakness in this novel. The study seeks to show that evil in modern literature is not created by super-human forces or witch women, and terror and war are not even bad ones. But any harassment or enjoyment of the suffering of others or even silence against the suffering of others is evil and has irreparable negative effects on the lives of the characters what can be seen in the place of Malala's life.

scholarly journals The Virtual World of Pynchon’s Fabulation: Against the Day Lit World

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Razieh Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Virtual World ◽  
Actual World ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
The World

Adapting Deleuze’s conceptualization of the virtual, this study shows that Against the Day intends to undermine our narrow conception of reality by surpassing the actualities of the known world. In the darkness of the novel, “the virtual” lurks; the novel is a travel against the day, against the actual world to an actual-virtual world, toward “the nights” which “will be dark enough for whatever visions must transpire across them, no longer to be broken into by light” (Pynchon, 2006, 1083).   Indeed, the presence of mysterious, paranormal, and magical events (such as the uncanny tales of ghosts, séances, visions, hallucinations, and other-dimensional interventions) along with actual events functions as a defiant modus operandi against the actual-oriented, secular Western Philosophy. That is, through virtual occurrences, lines of flight are created (from the real/actual) offering alternative systems of looking at the world.

Dichotomous Images in McEwan’s Saturday: In Pursuit of Objective Balance

Text Matters ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 270-277
Author(s):  
Joanna Kosmalska
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Terrorist Threat ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
The Real ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Sides

Saturday sets out to depict the contemporary world with its ambiguities and paradox. In the novel, like in a mirror painting, every event, character and conflict is highlighted from diverse, often contradictory, angles by the narrator's extensive commentary, flashback and reference to other books. The prevailing happiness of mass protests against the war on Iraq is countered by the recollection of mass graves, an element of Saddam's callous regime, the real terrorist threat is contrasted with national paranoia, and the Prime Minister's performance of truthfulness is scrutinized by means of Paul Ekman's study of micro-expressions. The technique of dualistic depiction is further used in order to describe the characters. Reworking the idea of two sides of the same coin, McEwan offers the novel as a metaphorical study of the intricacies of human personality. Therefore, Baxter becomes simultaneously an offender and a victim, John Grammaticus turns from a successful poet into an alcoholic womanizer, and Lilian Perowne's physical and mental disintegration is contrasted with her past as a champion swimmer. McEwan's dichotomous description of the world echoes Barthes's binaries, not only in the duality itself, but also in the fact that the juxtaposition of contradictory images constitutes a more complete depiction of an event or a person. The contrast between the opposing ideas is further accentuated by the use of different jargons: the language of medicine, media, upper-class, working-class, and the like. The use of language throughout the novel seems to repeat the notion that by means of jargons people control and exclude others, highlighting their authority and constructing their position of supremacy. Saturday, which captures acutely the events of a single day in the life of a renowned neurosurgeon, Henry Perowne, presents issues, such as the terrorist threat or the creation of media reality, that appear international in consciousness. The essay illustrates how, with admirable artistry, McEwan incorporates meaningful images, visually complex descriptions and different kinds of language into a diary account, for readers to enjoy a more objective comment on the contemporary world.

Exploring Citizenship: Unit 4 My Heritage

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (5) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
John Rutledge ◽  
Joy C. Jordan ◽  
Dale W. Pracht
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The Real ◽  
Volunteer Leaders ◽  
Youth Development Program ◽  
Major Revision ◽  
The World ◽  
Individual Needs

 The 4-H Citizenship Project offers the opportunity to help 4-H members relate all of their 4-H projects and experiences to the world around them. The 4-H Citizenship manuals will serve as a guide for 4-H Citizenship experiences. To be truly meaningful to the real-life needs and interests of your group, the contribution of volunteer leaders is essential. Each person, neighborhood, and community has individual needs that you can help your group identify. This 14-page major revision of Unit IV covers the heritage project. Written by John Rutledge, Joy C. Jordan, and Dale Pracht and published by the UF/IFAS Extension 4-H Youth Development program. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h019

Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Putri Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

Coda: The Rosetta Stone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Digital Code ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Imagination ◽  
Origin Point

Hieroglyphs have persisted for so long in the Western imagination because of the malleability of their metaphorical meanings. Emblems of readability and unreadability, universality and difference, writing and film, writing and digital media, hieroglyphs serve to encompass many of the central tensions in understandings of race, nation, language and media in the twentieth century. For Pound and Lindsay, they served as inspirations for a more direct and universal form of writing; for Woolf, as a way of treating the new medium of film and our perceptions of the world as a kind of language. For Conrad and Welles, they embodied the hybridity of writing or the images of film; for al-Hakim and Mahfouz, the persistence of links between ancient Pharaonic civilisation and a newly independent Egypt. For Joyce, hieroglyphs symbolised the origin point for the world’s cultures and nations; for Pynchon, the connection between digital code and the novel. In their modernist interpretations and applications, hieroglyphs bring together writing and new media technologies, language and the material world, and all the nations and languages of the globe....

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