scholarly journals Climate-Driven Landformof the Ejina Basin (NW China) in Central Asia and Its Paleoenvironmental Implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Bingqi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Ejina Basin ◽  
A Site ◽  
Climatic Geomorphology ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation ◽  
Better Than

<p>Though neotectonic activity is believed to be the major factor in the evolution of the topography of the Ejina Basin in Central Asia, detailed documentation and analysis of climatic landscape features and their environmental implications are lacking. The present study is a site-specific documentation of landforms developed in the wide part of the Ejina Basin, with the aim to identify the climatic landforms based on the method of climatic geomorphology and to evaluate its landscape evolution and response to palaeoclimate changes. The morphodynamics of older landscapes are recognized by making comparison with the present climate and its corresponding landscapes. Clear evidences testifying the basin-scale shifting and transformation of different morphoclimatic zones in the basin are observed, which prove that the main geomorphic unit is changed from an alluvial-lacustrine plain to a desert plain. The coexistence of diverse landscapes and the consequent geomorphodiversity in the basin should be a compound result of surficial processes other than glaciations. The climate and hydrological conditions of the basin during the last glaciation and during the Early Holocene were much better than at present, possibly having an average annual precipitation ranged between 60~350 mm on <del cite="mailto:unknown" datetime="2015-11-27T09:00"> </del>the basin during ca. 39-23 ka BP but great fluctuations during Holocene. The periods of lower aridity during the late Pleistocene in the bain could be induced by an increase of the westerlies and a weakening of the Asian winter monsoon on the arid areas of the central Asia.</p>

scholarly journals Geomorphological evolution and palaeoenvironmental change in the Western Alashan Plateau, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Qi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Aridity Index ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Change ◽  
Ejina Basin ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution ◽  
A Site

Though neotectonic activity is believed to be the major factor in the evolution of the topography of the western Alashan Plateau, detailed documentation and analysis of landform evolution and their Quaternary environmental implications in this area are lacking. The present study is a site-specific documentation of landforms developed in the wide terrain of the Ejina Basin (western Alashan), with the aim to identify the tectonic and climatic achieves of landforms and their implications on palaeoenvironmenal changes. The climate and hydrology at present in Ejina is relatively monotone and stable. Besides tectodynamics, the most widely spread landforms in the basin are climatic landforms. Both geomorphological and sedimentological abnormities of aeolian landforms occur in the whole basin, suggesting that the role of retention effect by river and related unenen ground and weak deflation processes nearby river, may be significant factors for the formation of the Ejina dunes other than arid climate. We propose that a wide interaction of aeolian and fluvial processes is the major mechanism to explain regional differences in Ejina landforms. Based on the gemorphological and sediment properties of the regional comparability, it is reasonable to attribute the formation of relic landforms in the margin of the Ejina Basin to the local glacial maximum of the last glaciation. The landform transformtion of pediments and desert gorges into desert plains and the occurrence of wide shifting dunes, together with the existing of large palaeo-lakebed areas, all indicate an increasing aridity index in the Ejina Basin at present. The climate and hydrological conditions of the basin during the last glaciation and during the Early Holocene were much better than at present, possibly having an average annual precipitation ranged between 60~350 mm on the basin during ca. 39-23 ka BP but great fluctuations during Holocene. However, the coexistence of diverse landforms and the consequent geomorphodiversity in the basin should be a compound result of surficial processes other than glaciations. The periods of lower aridity during the late Pleistocene in the bain could be induced by an increase of the westerlies and a weakening of the Asian winter monsoon on the arid areas of the Central Asia.

scholarly journals Sustainable Lifestyles: Sites, Practices, and Policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3011-3029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Barr ◽  
Gareth Shaw ◽  
Tim Coles
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Sustainable Lifestyles ◽  
Environmental Practice ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
A Site ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Segmentation Models

Proenvironmental behaviour change remains a high priority for many governments and agencies and there are now numerous programmes aimed at encouraging citizens to adopt sustainable forms of living. However, although programmes for addressing behaviour change in and around the home are well developed, there has been significantly less attention paid to activities beyond this site of practice. This is despite the environmental implications of consumption choices for leisure, tourism, and work-related activities. Through focusing on sites of practice as a key framing device, this paper uses data from a series of in-depth interviews to identify three major challenges for academics and practitioners concerned with understanding and promoting more environmentally responsible behaviour. First, attention must shift beyond the home as a site of environmental practice to consider the ways in which individuals respond to exhortations towards ‘greener’ lifestyles in other high-consumption and carbon-intensive settings, Second, in broadening the scope of environmental practice, policy makers need to revisit their reliance on segmentation models and related social marketing approaches. This is in the light of data that suggest those with strong environmental commitments in the home are often reluctant to engage in similar commitments in other sites of practice. Third, researchers and policy makers therefore need to move beyond the traditional ‘siting’ of environmental practice towards a spatially sophisticated conceptualisation that accounts for the multiple settings of consumption through mapping the relationships that exist between sites of practice.

The Rabbit in Subalpine South-eastern Australia. I. Population Structure and Productivity

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Dunsmore
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Breeding Group ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
A Site ◽  
Better Than

An unconfined, almost completely tagged rabbit population on a site of about 100 ha was studied by observation and trapping for 5 years. The commencement of the study coincided approximately with the incorporation of the area into the Kosciusko National Park, the elimination of grazing by domestic livestock, and the cessation of the previously almost annual burning of the area. During the 5-yr study the fecundity of the rabbits declined to little more than half the initial level. This was not a result of the concurrently increasing age of the population, which was shown to be quite unrelated. It was also shown that the 1yr old rabbits were less fecund than the older rabbits, whose fecundity remained constant. Although it appeared subjectively to be so, the area was not uniformly suitable for the survival of rabbits. In one of its four subdivisions adult survival was much better than in the others; and in one of the others it was much the worst. During the study there was considerable immigration to the area, presumably balanced by migration. Females tended to remain where they were born and in no case changed from one breeding group to another. Males were considerably less sedentary than the females.

Animal detections vary among commonly used camera trap models

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Driessen ◽  
Peter J. Jarman ◽  
Shannon Troy ◽  
Sophia Callander
Keyword(s):  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Multiple Camera ◽  
Animal Activity ◽  
Bait Station ◽  
Animal Images ◽  
A Site ◽  
Expensive Model ◽  
Better Than

Context Understanding how different camera trap models vary in their ability to detect animals is important to help identify which cameras to use to meet the objectives of a study. Aims To compare the efficacy of four camera trap models (representing two commonly used brands of camera, Reconyx and Scoutguard) to detect small- and medium-sized mammals and birds. Methods Four camera models were placed side by side, focused on a bait station, under field conditions, and the numbers of triggers and visits by mammals and birds were compared. Trigger=camera sensor is activated and records an image of an animal. Visit=one or a sequence of triggers containing one or more images of a species, with no interval between animal images greater than 5min. Key results The Scoutguard 530V camera recorded fewer than half of the triggers and visits by all animals that the Reconyx H600, Scoutguard 560K and Keepguard 680V cameras recorded. The latter three cameras recorded similar numbers of visits by mammals, but the Reconyx H600 recorded fewer triggers by medium-sized mammals than the Keepguard 680V. All camera models failed to detect a substantial proportion of the total known triggers and visits by animals, with a greater proportion of visits detected (14–88%) than triggers (5–83%). All camera models recorded images with no animals present (blanks), with Reconyx H600 recording the fewest blank images. Conclusions Camera trap models can vary in their ability to detect triggers and visits by small- and medium-sized mammals and birds. Some cheaper camera models can perform as well as or better than a more expensive model in detecting animals, but factors other than cost may need to be considered. Camera traps failed to detect a substantial proportion of known triggers and visits by animals. Number of visits is a more useful index of animal activity or abundance than number of triggers. Implications Variation in camera performance needs to be taken into consideration when designing or comparing camera surveys if multiple camera models are used, especially if the aim is to compare animal activity or abundance. If maximising the number of animal visits recorded at a site is important, then consideration should be given to using two or more cameras.

scholarly journals Could the North Pacific Oscillation Be Modified by the Initiation of the East Asian Winter Monsoon?

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 2389-2406
Author(s):  
Yu-heng Tseng ◽  
Ruiqiang Ding ◽  
Sen Zhao ◽  
Yi-chun Kuo ◽  
Yu-chiao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Rossby Wave ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
East Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Winter Monsoon ◽  
North Pacific Oscillation ◽  
Philippine Sea ◽  
Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Basin Scale

AbstractThis study investigates the modulation of North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) variability upon initiation of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The data show that the initiation of EAWM in the Philippine Sea strongly connects to the southern lobe variability of the NPO in January followed by a basin-scale oceanic Victoria mode pattern. No apparent connection was found for the northern lobe of the NPO when the ENSO signals are removed. The strengthening of the EAWM in November interacts with the Kuroshio front and generates a low-level heating source in the Philippine Sea. Significant Rossby wave sources are then formed in the lower to midtroposphere. Wave ray tracing analyses confirm the atmospheric teleconnection established by the Rossby wave propagation in the mid- to upper troposphere. Analyses of the origin of wave trajectories from the Philippine Sea show a clear eastward propagating pathway that affects the southern lobe of the NPO from the southern lobe of the western Pacific pattern at 500 hPa and above on the time scale of 20 days. No ray trajectories from the lower troposphere can propagate eastward to influence the central-eastern subtropical Pacific. The wave propagation process is further supported by the coupled model experiments.

scholarly journals III. — Australie

1963 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Large Telescope ◽  
Site Testing ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Distant Location ◽  
A Site ◽  
Better Than

In 1957 the Joint Observatory of Yale and Columbia Universities commenced a series of site surveys in Australia under the direction of Dr. I. Epstein. While astronomers at Mount Stromlo Observatory were greatly interested in this activity, it was not until 1958 that Mount Stromlo actively commenced site testing. Tests were initiated in the first instance with a desire to find a not-too-distant location suitable for a field station where observing conditions would be better than those at Mount Stromlo, and later with the idea of finding a site anywhere in Australia which would satisfy the needs of a large telescope.

Rock magnetic signature of a Miocene playa cycle in Central Asia and environmental implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 2271-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Verestek ◽  
Erwin Appel ◽  
Konstantin Frisch ◽  
Silke Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Magnetic Signature

scholarly journals Temporal-Spatial Variations and Influencing Factor of Land Use Change in Xinjiang, Central Asia, from 1995 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Liu ◽  
Zhaoping Yang ◽  
Cuirong Wang ◽  
Fang Han
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we analyzed the temporal-spatial variations of the characteristics of land use change in central Asia over the past two decades. This was conducted using four indicators (change rate, equilibrium extent, dynamic index, and transfer direction) and a multi-scale correlation analysis method, which explained the impact of recent environmental transformations on land use changes. The results indicated that the integrated dynamic degree of land use increased by 2.2% from 1995 to 2015. The areas of cropland, water bodies, and artificial land increased, with rates of 1047 km2/a, 39 km2/a, and 129 km2/a, respectively. On the other hand, the areas of forest, grassland, and unused land decreased, with rates of 54 km2/a, 803 km2/a, and 359 km2/a, respectively. There were significant increases in cropland and water bodies from 1995 to 2005, while the amount of artificial land significantly increased from 2005 to 2015. The increased areas of cropland in Xinjiang were mainly converted from grassland and unused land from 1995 to 2015, while the artificial land increase was mainly a result of the conversion from cropland, grassland, and unused land. The area of cropland rapidly expanded in south Xinjiang, which has led to centroid position to move cropland in Xinjiang in a southwest direction. Economic development and the rapid growth of population size are the main factors responsible for the cropland increases in Xinjiang. Runoff variations have a key impact on cropland changes at the river basin scale, as seen in three typical river basins.

scholarly journals Economics of Pronamide and Pendimethalin Use in Weed Management during Artichoke Stand Establishment

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton J. Haar ◽  
Steven A. Fennimore ◽  
Cheryl L. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cynara Scolymus ◽  
A Site ◽  
Heavy Infestation ◽  
Better Than

Field studies were conducted to determine the potential economic impact of the loss of pronamide herbicide to artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) growers, and to evaluate pendimethalin as an alternative herbicide during establishment of artichoke. Two rates of pronamide and one rate of pendimethalin were applied to perennial and annual artichokes. With the exception of wild oat (Avena fatua L.), pendimethalin controlled weeds as well as or better than pronamide. Financial analysis of treatment effects was based on weed management expenses and value of yield. The financial effect of using pronamide in perennial artichoke ranged from a loss of $247 to a gain of $326 per ha, whereas its use in annual artichoke increased revenue $542 to $5499 per ha. The effects on revenue of using pendimethalin varied with weed species composition and density. For three sites, revenue increased from $267 to $5056 per ha, while a loss of $1034 per ha occurred at a site with a heavy infestation of wild oat. We conclude that pendimethalin has potential as a pronamide replacement, or as a complement to pronamide. Chemical names used: 3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide (pronamide); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

scholarly journals Stability of Extended Earth Berm for High Landfill

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6281
Author(s):  
Haoran Jiang ◽  
Xiaowen Zhou ◽  
Ziwei Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Force ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Site Condition ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil ◽  
Pile Arrangement ◽  
Leachate Level ◽  
A Site ◽  
Better Than

This study presents a stability analysis of an extended berm reinforced by geotextiles, with a steep slope of 1V:1.1H (vertical: horizontal). Finite element (FE) analyses were carried out to explore the failure mechanism and factor of safety (FOS) of the berm, on which the effect of the strength of geotextiles, leachate level, and anti-slide pile arrangement located at the toe of the berm were considered. It was found that: (1) failure surfaces developed along the interface between the new and the existing berms; (2) the FOS decreased as the leachate increased, and an FOS value of 1.42 could be obtained if the leachate level was controlled at a height of 20 m; (3) the tensile force of geotextiles was far lower than the available strength, which suggested that the geotextile had enough of a safety reserve; and (4) one row of longer piles at the toe of the berm performed better than two rows of shorter piles if the total length of piles was the same. The design and analysis of this project can be used as a reference for landfill expansion. Especially for a site condition with limited space, a geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) berm is a safe, reliable and promising alternative.

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