Age at Menarche and Menstrual Cycle Pattern among School Adolescent Girls in Central India

Background: Menstruation is said to be a physiological process in women. The word ‘menstruation’ was derived from a Latin word ‘menses’. Menstrual dysfunction was found to affect 75% of adolescent girls which includes dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia and irregular cycles. Premenstrual syndrome constitutes a group of physical and emotional symptoms which occurs one week before menstrual cycle. It was found to be a cycle disorder which appears in the luteal phase. Adolescent girls are at high risk of developing premenstrual syndrome. Because of menstrual dysfunction and premenstrual syndrome, the adolescent girls are at high risk of menstrual morbidity.Methods: After getting approval from institutional ethical committee of Madras Medical College, the study was carried out in adolescent girls. The study was carried out by giving questionnaire in nearly 505 students for the duration of 6 months. The study participants were explained about the study. The questionnaire was structured so as to obtain information regarding the age at menarche, duration of cycle, awareness about menstruation, source of information regarding menstruation, practices during menstrual cycles, regarding menstrual problems and treatment practices.Results: The average age of participants was 17 years with an SD of 1.5. of 505 participants, about 6% had 45 days frequency, 10% had 38 days frequency and 2% had 60 days frequency of menstrual cycle. It was found around 1% had 8 days duration and 3% had 9 days duration of menstrual cycle. About 13% of Participants had mild flow, 7% had severe flow and 20% had variable quantity of menstrual flow.Conclusions: From this study, it was found that menstrual dysfunction were prevalent among adolescent girls. These were found to cause menstrual morbidity among adolescent girls. Hence it is necessary to educate and create awareness about menstrual morbidity among adolescent girls.

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Patterns and problems of menstruation among the adolescent school girls of Delhi: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192329 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2595

Author(s):

Monika Singh ◽

Om Prakash Rajoura ◽

Raghavendra A. Honnakamble

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Menstrual Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Girls

Background: Adolescence is the period of rapid physical growth, psychological and social changes. This period is marked by the onset of menarche in the girls. Menstruation is a natural biological process experienced by all adolescent girls and women in reproductive age. The menstrual cycle is characterized by variability in volume, pattern and regularity. Conversely, variability in menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual disorders are common among adolescent girls. The objectives of the study were to determine patterns of menstruation, prevalence of menstrual disorders and hygienic practices during menstruation in the adolescent school girls.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 adolescent school girls of Delhi.Results: The mean age at menarche in the study subjects was 13.47±0.87 years. Average menstrual interval was days. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 76.1% of the girls, body ache was experienced by 64 (30.4%). Majority of girls 174 (82.8%) used sanitary pads as absorbent during cycle.Conclusions: Menstrual problems are frequent among adolescent girls. Dysmenorrhoea was the commonest problem among the adolescents. Adolescent girls withstand their pain and think it as a normal phenomenon. Educating students about menstrual health by health professionals and teachers can help in reducing their psychological and physical stress.

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Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls Living in Rural Border Areas

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i8.1349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Ritu Gupta ◽

Ravinder K Gupta ◽

Vallabh Dogra ◽

Himani Badyal

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Age Group ◽

Different Types ◽

Study Population ◽

Border Areas

Objective: To study the various beliefs and problems regarding menstruation among adolescent girls living in rural border areas. Design- Prospective study. Setting- Pediatric outpatient clinic. Materials and methods- About 200 adolescent girls (11-19 years) living in rural border areas were enrolled for the study. These girls were asked about menarche, duration of the cycle, amount of blood loss and the various menstrual problems. They were also asked about the various beliefs and myths regarding menstruation. The girls having any illness affecting the menstrual cycle or those suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders were excluded from this study. Results- About 51% of the study population was in the age group 17-18 years. About 43.5% of girls attained menarche at the age of 10-12 years. About 51% of girls did not know about menstruation before menarche. Abdominal pain was the most common side effect seen in 41% of girls during menstruation. About 61% of girls considered themselves unclean during menstruation. Twenty percent avoided schools, 20% avoided kitchen, 12% avoided temples while 10% stayed away from friends/ relatives. Only 33% of girls knew that menstruation stops temporarily after becoming pregnant. Twenty-two percent girls were using sanitary napkins while the rest used different types of clothes during the menstrual cycle. Conclusion- There is a dire need to educate girls regarding menstruation before menarche in the rural border areas. Every mother should discuss in a friendly way regarding various aspects of menstruation.

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Daily levels of salivary progesterone during menstrual cycle in adolescent girls**Supported by research contracts from The Finnish Life and Pension Insurance Companies and The Academy of Finland, and by grants from the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Turku University Foundation, Turku, Finland.

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55312-6 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 685-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Taru Vuorento ◽

Ilpo Huhtaniemi

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Pension Insurance

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Age at Menarche and Menstrual Pattern of Elementary School Students in Medan

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi38.3-4.1998.75-84 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (3-4) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Nurdiani Nurdiani ◽

Evi Kamelia ◽

Rusdi Andid ◽

Ani Ariani ◽

Hakimi Hakimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Primary School ◽

Elementary School Students ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Common Finding ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

School Students ◽

Sexual Counseling ◽

The Moment

This study aimed to determine the age at menarche and its influencing factors and the pattern of menstrual cycles in elementary school students in Medan. Subjects were 227 female students in six primary schools (private and government) in Medan municipal, during October until November 1995. Most students experienced menarche in government primary school (GPS: 35.8%) and private primary school (PPS: 24%), at the age of 10-12 years. The mean age at menarche of these students in government primary school was 11.41 (SD 0.95) years while in private primary school it was 10.65 (SD 0.78) years. Subjects who had had menarche had better nutritional status than who had not (p<0.001). Sports activities are also associated with age at menarche (p<0.001). On the other hand family's economical status and maternal age at menarche were not significantly associated with age at menarche (p>0.05). Most students who had had menarche had regular menstrual cycle; the duration of menarche was 4-6 days for GPS and 3 days for PPS. Dysmenorrhea was a common finding in the first three months of menstruation cycle but gradually diminishing with time. The duration of menstrual cycle was 25-34 days. These findings are useful as a guide for the parents, especially when mothers planning the best time/ the moment to discuss about reproduction and sexual counseling with her daughter.

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No Significant Difference in Age at Menarche, Menstrual Cycle Length, Age at First Full-Term Pregnancy, and Nulliparity Among BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Compared with Their Unaffected Relatives

Hormonal Carcinogenesis III ◽

10.1007/978-1-4612-2092-3_41 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 413-417

Author(s):

H. Jernström ◽

O. Johannsson ◽

Å. Borg ◽

H. Olsson

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Cycle Length ◽

Brca1 Mutation ◽

Full Term ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Term Pregnancy ◽

Menstrual Cycle Length ◽

Mutation Carriers ◽

Significant Difference

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Peculiarities of the menstrual function of adolescent girls, internal migrants from the highland regions of Kyrgyzstan

Heart Vessels and Transplantation ◽

10.24969/hvt.2018.71 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (Issue 3) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Jyldyz Isakova ◽

Aynura Sayakova ◽

Gulnara Beishenbieva

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Menstrual Function ◽

Hemostasis System ◽

Before And After ◽

Internal Migrants ◽

The Republic ◽

Being There

Objective: To study the nature of changes and peculiarities of the menstrual function in adolescent girls, internal migrants from the highland regions of the republic, depending on the length of stay in lowland areas. Methods: Overall 387 migrants from high-altitude girls were examined. The obtained data were compared with those of 280 girls, permanent residents of Bishkek. We examined the residence duration in both highlands and lowlands, the age of the menarche, the length of the menstrual cycle, the number of menstruation days, the frequency and the amount of blood loss before and after moving to lowland conditions. Results: Lengthening of the menstrual cycle and an increase in menstruation days, as well as, a slight increase for blood loss during menstruation were revealed. The change in place of residence also affects the regularity of the menstrual cycle, which may be due to some hypocoagulation state of the hemostasis system in them during de-adaptation to low-mountain conditions. These changes are particularly pronounced when the term of residence in the lowlands is up to 1 year. Conclusion: Thus, the study of peculiarities of menstrual function and tendencies of its changes in response to the move from highland region to the lowland region for adolescent girls showed that there is a slight increase of a menstrual cycle and an increase in the menstruation itself. In addition, there was an increase in the amount of blood loss during menstruation. The change of place of residence influenced the regularity of the menstrual cycle as well, which may be due to some hypocoagulation state of the hemostasis system in them during de-adaptation to low-mountain conditions. These changes are especially expressed for girls who just move in to the lowland region and being there for up to a year.

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Haemoglobin Levels of Adolescent Girls Aged 11-19 Years in North Sumatera are Correlated with Socio-Economic Status and Menstrual Cycle Duration

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.3923/pjn.2020.122.126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 122-126

Author(s):

Sri Lestari ◽

Dina Keumala Sari ◽

IstiIlmiati Fujiati ◽

Sake Juli Martina ◽

Nur Hidayah Nasution

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Socio Economic Status

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An epidemiological study of menstrual hygiene practices in school going adolescent girls from urban slums of Nalgonda, Telangana

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195853 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Jyothi Veleshala ◽

Varun M. Malhotra ◽

Suresh J. Thomas ◽

Kondagunta Nagaraj

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Educational Status ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Female Teacher ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menstrual Hygiene ◽

School Girls ◽

The Mean ◽

Sanitary Pads

Background: Reproductive health of adolescent girls is crucial as it determines the health of future generations. School girls when experiencing menarche find themselves in a setting without water, toilets or a supportive female teacher to explain the changes happening in their body. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess knowledge and practices about menstruation in adolescent school girls of an urban slum and to find some socio-demographic determinants of menstrual hygiene.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 6th to 10th class school going adolescent girls from an urban slum of Telangana state. A total of 300 girls participated.Results: The mean age of the students was 11.9±3.3 years. The mean age at menarche was 13.09 (95% CI: 12.07–14.11). 25.3% had acquired prior knowledge about attaining menarche. For majority (74.2%) the knowledge was imparted by their mothers. 96.9% of school girls used sanitary pads. Significant association observed between educational status and employment status of mother and usage of sanitary pads by respondent. Almost 90% of the young women faced physical complaints or health problems during menstruation. Majority (94.3%) had religious restrictions on them during the menstruation.Conclusions: Menstrual hygiene is an issue which needs to be addressed to all adolescents, with special emphasis in slum area. Lack of awareness is a roadblock in adopting safe and hygienic menstrual practices. More emphasis should be given on improving adolescent literacy for achieving hygienic menstrual practices.

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