scholarly journals Foreign Missions’ Role in Promoting International Trade: Empirical Evidence of Sri Lankan Foreign Missions Promoting Electronic Exports in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
R. T. Vidyaratne ◽  
E.A.G. Sumanasiri
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Foreign Mission ◽  
Trade Promotion

Foreign missions have been the pillars of trade promotion and in particular, of export and export-oriented investment. In Sri Lanka, the potentiality in export promotion to Germany is immense. However, it is discernible that there is no coordinated effort in promoting trade in Sri Lanka by foreign missions. Therefore, this research examines the role of foreign missions in promoting international trade between Sri Lanka and Germany especially focusing on Electrical and Electronic Sector. The case study is based on the empirical evidence of Sri Lankan foreign missions promoting electrical and electronic exports in Germany. Potential growth-enhancing factors will benefit from increased global economic integration through trade promotion activities undertaken by the host country and the foreign mission. A qualitative methodology was used to understand the stakeholder perspective of the role of foreign missions. Analysis of data collected through semi-structured interviews (13) derived the results that trade fairs and Business to Business meetings as the most effective trade promotion activities. Findings of the study confirms six (6) vital roles of a foreign mission which are internalizing industries, promoting, business intelligence, stakeholder communication, building strategic relationships and inter-governmental engagement respectively. The paper points out managerial and policy implications such as pro-activeness of the head of foreign missions and strategic and trustworthy relationships between the countries. The study concludes that the activities carried out by the Sri Lankan Foreign Mission in Germany does not satisfy the exporters’ expectations and requirements. Further this study recommendations are provided to both German and Sri Lankan Governments and foreign missions.

scholarly journals The Audit Expectations Gap and the Role of Audit Education: Evidence from Sri Lanka

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Kumari ◽  
A.R. Ajward ◽  
D.B.P.H. Dissabandara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Expectations Gap ◽  
Expectation Gap ◽  
National University ◽  
The Status

The study examined the status and impact of audit education on the audit expectation gap, as existence of such a gap is noted to be harmful to the accounting and auditing profession. Accordingly, undergraduates of a regional national university in Sri Lanka (in three categories as: undergraduates who had not followed an auditing course, who had followed a basic auditing course, and who had followed an advanced auditing course) and professional auditors were selected and a questionnaire survey that included statements on the duties of the auditors was administered. The results of the independent sample t-test indicate the existence of an audit expectation gap in the Sri Lankan context; and that audit education had an effect in reducing such a gap. However, further analysis indicated that only an advanced auditing course had resulted in minimizing such expectation gap (particularly in reducing the unreasonable expectation gap) compared to who had followed a basic auditing course. These findings are expected to have significant educational policy implications.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities for Sri Lankan Exporters in the German Market: A Specific Reference to the Electrical and Electronic Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-133
Author(s):  
R. T. Vidyaratne ◽  
E. A. G. Sumanasiri
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
German Market ◽  
Strategic Relationships ◽  
Trade Promotion

Foreign missions have been the pillars of trade promotion and in particular, of export and export-oriented investment. In Sri Lanka, the potential for export promotion to Germany is immense. However, it is discernible that there has been no coordinated effort by foreign missions to promote trade with Sri Lanka. At present, Sri Lanka maintains 52 High Commissions/Embassies overseas. In Sri Lanka, the Electrical and Electronic (EE) sector is one of the emerging sectors supported by the National Export Strategy (NES), and currently, the sector serves niche markets that have great potential to diversify in the area of Electrical and Electronic Components. The EE sector is also considered to have potential to stimulate innovation, research and development (R&D) and investment in Sri Lanka. Certain challenges are highlighted in the literature when promoting EEC as a major export of Sri Lanka. However, in this process of promoting exports in the EEC sector in the international market, foreign missions are recognized as the responsible stakeholder since they can facilitate the export process through diverse networks. Therefore, this research examines the challenges faced by Sri Lankan exporters when exporting to Germany, focusing especially on the Electrical and Electronic Sector. To achieve this research objective, a qualitative methodology was adopted as it permitted the researchers to understand human behaviour and thoughts to identify preferences in trade promotion activities. Primary data were collected through two main sources, namely, structured interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary sources such as international trade databases and trade maps were used to triangulate the data. The population of the study was Sri Lankan exporters and importers, trade support institutions and diplomats. In total, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted using the convenience sampling method and snowball sampling. Analysis of data collected through semi-structured interviews (14) revealed that trade fairs and Business to Business meetings were vital opportunities to increase trade promotional activities of exporters. Major challenges faced by Sri Lanka exporters to the German market include the need for internalizing industries, limited recognition of Sri Lanka’s EEC sector locally and internationally, lack of business intelligence, lack of stakeholder communication, need to build strategic relationships and intergovernmental engagement. The study offers several recommendations to overcome trade barriers and to exploit the available opportunities in the host market.

The Role of Music and Allied Arts in Public Writings on Cultural Diversity: “People of Sri Lanka”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Gisa Jähnichen
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
The World ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The Way

The Sri Lankan Ministry of National Coexistence, Dialogue, and Official Languages published the work “People of Sri Lanka” in 2017. In this comprehensive publication, 21 invited Sri Lankan scholars introduced 19 different people’s groups to public readers in English, mainly targeted at a growing number of foreign visitors in need of understanding the cultural diversity Sri Lanka has to offer. This paper will observe the presentation of these different groups of people, the role music and allied arts play in this context. Considering the non-scholarly design of the publication, a discussion of the role of music and allied arts has to be supplemented through additional analyses based on sources mentioned by the 21 participating scholars and their fragmented application of available knowledge. In result, this paper might help improve the way facts about groups of people, the way of grouping people, and the way of presenting these groupings are displayed to the world beyond South Asia. This fieldwork and literature guided investigation should also lead to suggestions for ethical principles in teaching and presenting of culturally different music practices within Sri Lanka, thus adding an example for other case studies.

scholarly journals Wagner's Law in Sri Lanka: An Econometric Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayandy Kesavarajah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Wagner’S Law ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Wagner's Law

This study examines whether there is empirical evidence that Wagner's law holds in the Sri Lankan economy using time series annual data over the period from 1960 to 2010 for Sri Lanka, applying cointegration and error correction modeling (ECM) techniques. In particular, this study keeps a special focus to examine the validity of six versions of Wagner's hypothesis, which support the existence of long-run relationship between public expenditure and economic growth. The empirical evidence of this study indicates that while there prevail is a short-run relationship between public expenditure and economic growth, the long-run results showed no strong evidence in support of the validity of the Wagner’s law for Sri Lankan economy. Granger causality analysis also confirms this result. Therefore, the findings of this study pave to broaden this study further for a deeper understanding about the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth by giving more attention on individual items of public expenditure and by including more macroeconomic variables in the econometric model using different methodology in future.

Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Billimoria
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Religious Art ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
Church Life ◽  
History Of

This chapter on Sri Lankan Anglicanism looks at the theological basis for contextualization, identifies some Sri Lankan realities, and provides an overview of the history of Christianity in Sri Lanka with a particular emphasis on Anglicanism and its impact. It shows the roots of contextualization in the indigenization movement based on incarnation, and then looks at different aspects of Anglican church life that have been impacted by contextualization such as the church’s ministry and leadership, self-government, architecture and religious art, liturgy, and fundamentally its radical ‘self-theologizing’ with a focus on the role of Bishop Lakshman Wickremesinghe. In conclusion the chapter argues that a distinct ‘Sri Lankan Anglicanism’ exists and asks whether the Anglican Church of Ceylon has fully embraced this distinct identity or is still captive to a colonial past.

Empirical Analysis of Budget and Allocation of Trade Promotions in the U.S. Supermarket Industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel I. Gómez ◽  
Vithala R. Rao ◽  
Edward W. Mclaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Product Category ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Promotion Policies ◽  
Supermarket Industry ◽  
Trade Promotions ◽  
Trade Promotion

Using a unique data set, the authors examine the role of manufacturer and retailer characteristics in the joint determination of trade promotion budgets for supermarket brands and their allocation across trade promotion types. They find that manufacturer variables, such as brand position in retailer product category and brand price premium, and annual retailer sales determine trade promotion budgets. Furthermore, retail companies with larger shares of private labels in product category sales, larger annual sales, and stronger brand positioning are able to increase the allocation of promotional funds to off-invoices and decrease allocation to performance-based trade promotions, such as scanbacks/ accruals and billbacks. Manufacturers with formal trade promotion policies tend to decrease allocation to off-invoices. The authors discuss marketing policy implications of this study and provide research directions.

UNDERGRADUATES' INTENTION TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SRI LANKA

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. P. SAMANTHA KUMARA
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Impacts ◽  
Modest Correlation

This study attempted to examine entrepreneurial intention of Sri Lankan undergraduates. The undergraduates' entrepreneurial intention was examined with entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self-employment. Accordingly, it was rationalized that entrepreneurial intention is influenced by entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self employment. Gender impacts on these three aspects were also examined. The study sample consisted of 149 management undergraduates of one of the leading universities in Sri Lanka and data were collected through the administration of a formal questionnaire. The results revealed that undergraduates' entrepreneurial belief, attitude towards self-employment and entrepreneurial intention were moderately positive; there were statistically significant positive modest correlation between entrepreneurial belief and entrepreneurial intention, and between attitude towards self-employment and entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, there was no significant impact of gender on entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self-employment. However, it was found that there existed significant difference between male and female undergraduates in terms of their entrepreneurial intention.

scholarly journals Languages Speak Reconciliation: An Interdisciplinary Study on the Impact of National Language in Post War Reconciliation Sri Lanka

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 665-679
Author(s):  
Aruna Jayathilaka ◽  
Thisiri Medagama ◽  
Udeshini Panadare ◽  
Prawardhani Menike
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
National Language ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Post War ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Impact

The Role of National Language is endorsed in different contexts and it has triggered an inspirited debate within the Sri Lankan political history when its discriminatory nature policies marked a triumph of linguist nationalism. The recognition of the Sinhala language as the only National Language in Sri Lanka and its dominance, drifted both communities apart causing frustration and tension among ethnic groups, which have ultimately culminated in ethnic strife that lasted almost three decades. National Languages, hence wield as a sociopolitical tool that demands a balance among languages, recognition, and policies. Similarly, Sri Lanka, in its path to reconciliation also demands a balance among National Languages, policies, and its recognition among the communities. This study thus explores the Role of National Language in promoting social cohesion and coexistence among ethnic groups to achieve anticipated “Reconciliation” within Sri Lankan social fabric.  The paper draws upon a mixed approach employing qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews. Data were gathered from interviewing 20 undergraduates from the Faculty of Social Sciences and Languages at the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka. Data were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis.   Findings revealed that the recognition of National languages in their due status will make a huge impact on fostering reconciliation within Sri Lankan Society. It is further not to be confused with the Link Language as a National Language since its duty in social integration is relatively limited in the cases where the understanding of cultural, traditional, and historical attributes of an ethnic community is more pronounced especially in grappling with attitudinal problems inherited within ethnic communities.

scholarly journals Relative Importance of Packaging Elements of Baby Care Products in Sri Lanka: Do Demographic Factors Matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F.S. Faris ◽  
K.P.L. Chandralal
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Consumer Purchase Intention ◽  
Generic Products ◽  
Local Companies

 Baby care category has been profitable throughout the years and gained the interest of global players in Sri Lanka amidst the emergence of several local companies. Previous research on FMCG products identified that a 1% shift in packaging will result in 88.9% shift in consumer purchase intention, signifying the role of packaging in buying behavior. But there is mild research done with regards to the Baby Care Category and especially in the Sri Lankan context. This research focuses on the gap of identifying the importance of the different packaging elements of baby care products along with buyers’ demographic factors.  A field survey was conducted with an internet questionnaire to obtain data from a sample of Colombo residents. The results revealed that a weak positive importance was laid on “Graphics” (Color and Artwork) and on “Dimensions” (Design and Shape) of the package. The dimension of “Information” was placed relatively a higher importance in the buying decision. These findings aligned with the insights from buyers and retailers; buyers being more concerned on baby’s safety prioritized ensuring product reliability. Certifications, labels, precautions, and instructions on the package guide them, which evidently is part of the dimension of Information. The results further revealed that the identified importance laid on the three dimensions of packaging elements did not significantly vary on any of the demographic factors; gender, income, and level of education. Baby care, being a sensitive area for parents (unlike generic products), the importance placed on information was much higher due to its role played in assurance, consequently comparative lesser importance was placed on how colorful, big and stylish the packaging is, as the priority was absolute amongst buyers across diverse demographic differences. KeywordsBaby care products; Demographic factors; Packaging elements

scholarly journals The Effects of the Exchange Rate on Value-Added International Trade to Enhance Free Trade Sustainability in GVCs

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoung Shik Choi ◽  
Bongsuk Sung ◽  
Woo-Yong Song
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Positive Effect

This study investigates the role of value-added bilateral trade focused on global value chains to achieve sustainable economic development. Our findings address trade policy implications that help to mitigate the global imbalances and exchange rate conflicts. These policies are expected to provide a competitive advantage that can be crucial to the sustainability of free trade. We apply traditional trade models to the value-added framework to examine the effects on value-added trade. Empirically, we investigate the bilateral value-added trade for recent years. Our major findings are that currency devaluation has a positive effect on value-added exports but has a negative effect on gross exports because of the effect on intermediate goods trading dominating the effect on international trade, i.e., the effect on foreign content of intermediate imports dominating the effect on the domestic content of exports. The same effect applies to imports. Also, we confirm that foreign income has a positive effect on exports and value-added exports, and domestic income has a positive effect on imports and value-added imports. However, their effects on trade balance are not consistent. Our major findings imply that the analysis of value-added trade can best contribute to the sustainability of global free trade by considering trade policies as a result of reflecting the easing of the global imbalance and the exchange rate war.

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