scholarly journals Visualising the Development of a Teacher-In-Training into a Beginning Expert

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Walter M. Geerts ◽  
Henderien W. Steenbeek ◽  
Van Geert Paul L. C.
Keyword(s):  
Design Patterns ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Situated Knowledge ◽  
Video Cases ◽  
Training Video ◽  
Current Action ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Identity Learning ◽  
A Current

Teachers use situated knowledge to deal with the complex and diffuse educational contexts they operate in. To be able to take deliberated action, based on the situated knowledge, reflection is necessary during the teacher training. Video cases with common, real world situations are suitable for reflection because of their holistic and diffuse character. Reflection concerns learning experiences with increasing complexity: single-loop (reflecting on a current action), double-loop (reflecting to gain new insights) and triple-loop (reflecting in order to adjust individual identity) learning. The knowledge gained from loop learning is of a situated nature. The current article operationalizes situated knowledge as educational purposes and design patterns; educational purposes determine which course of action (design pattern), is the best option. Using this distinction, we investigate whether the reflection done by fourth-year teachers in training corresponds to what can be expected of a starting expert, namely, reflection on all three levels. The results indicate that three out of four teachers in training can be characterized as starting experts, based on their responses to a video case. They experience learning on all three loop levels, and these experiences contribute to a variety of educational purposes and design patterns. It is the teacher trainers’ challenge to have their students reflects using video cases, so they can use loop-learning to build their situated knowledge. This knowledge will allow them to adequately respond to the complex and diffuse situations in their educational practice.

scholarly journals Effect of Video-Cases on the Acquisition of Situated Knowledge of Teachers

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M. Geerts ◽  
Henderien W. Steenbeek ◽  
Paul L. C. Van Geert
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Design Pattern ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Situated Knowledge ◽  
Video Cases ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Observation Report ◽  
Form Design ◽  
Practical Experiences

Video footage is frequently used at teacher education. According to Sherin and Dyer (2017), this is often done in a way that contradicts recent studies. According to them, video is suitable for observing and interpreting interactions in the classroom. This contributes to their situated knowledge, which allows expert teachers to act intuitively, immediately and effectively. Situated knowledge is used to give form (design patterns) and direction (educational purposes) to a teacher’s actions. Design patterns consist of solutions for recurring problems. In the current research, we investigated whether a course in classroom management either with or without video cases contributes more to the development of situated knowledge, design patterns and educational purposes. The pre- and posttest are based on a written advice, given out by 41 students of the Dutch hbo-teacher training with an average age of 22, to the main character of a video case, in addition to an interview and observation report. The results indicate that the use of video cases does not lead to an increase in the number of educational purposes. There is an increase, however, in the design pattern ‘classroom management’. By internalizing this design pattern, the divide between theory, practical experiences and the identity of the teacher is bridged. Although the classroom management theme dominated the video case and course, the results indicate that a targeted use of video cases in teacher education is effective in promoting the development of situated knowledge.

Diversidad sexual e Intervención Social: reflexiones desde el Trabajo Social

2016 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Azocar González
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Sexual Diversity ◽  
Current Group ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Trabajo Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
A Current

RESUMENEl presente artículo es fruto de una investigación de largo alcance que busca generar discusión en torno a los desafíos contemporáneos del Trabajo Social en la construcción de alternativas de intervención social en contextos de diversidad sexual en Chile. La crisis de la norma heterosexual refleja una contemporaneidad marcada por la visibilidad de los grupos históricamente excluidos, reflejo de la sensibilización y cuestionamiento de una masculinidad dominante intrínsecamente exclusora e inalcanzable, como también de procesos de posicionamiento político y cultural de un colectivo presente, pero hasta hace poco invisibilizado, en nuestro país. A través de técnicas etnográficas y la incorporación del concepto de mercado como vehículo de visibilidad, el trabajo propone ideas coherentes con la construcción de una praxis transdisciplinar que responde a la nueva definición de Trabajo Social, en discusión a nivel mundial, como de los procesos de cuestionamiento y mudanza ciudadanos revitalizados en la última década.Palabras clave: Intervención social, diversidad sexual, trabajo social, desafíos. Diversidade sexual e intervenção social: reflexões a partir do Trabalho SocialRESUMOO presente artigo é o resultado de uma pesquisa de longo alcance que procura gerar discussão em relação aos desafios contemporâneos do Trabalho Social na construção de alternativas de intervenção social em contextos de diversidade sexual no Chile. A crise da norma heterossexual reflete uma contemporaneidade marcada pela visibilidade dos grupos historicamente excluídos, reflexo da conscientização e questionamento de uma masculinidade dominante intrinsecamente que exclui e que se apresenta como inatingível, bem como processos de posicionamento político e cultural de um coletivo presente, mas até recentemente invisível em nosso país. Através de técnicas etnográficas e incorporação do conceito de mercado como veículo de visibilidade, o trabalho propõe ideias coerentes com a construçãode uma prática transdisciplinar que respondam à nova definição de TrabalhoSocial, discutido mundialmente, como dos processos de questionamento emudança cidadã revitalizados na última década.Palavras-chave: intervenção social, diversidade sexual, trabalho social,desafios. Sexual diversity and social intervention: Reflections fromsocial workABSTRACTThe current article is the result of a wider research that seeks to generatediscussion about the actual challenges of social work in the constructionof alternatives of social intervention on sexual diversity contexts in Chile.The crisis of the heterosexual regulation reflects a contemporaneity markedby the visibility of the historically excluded groups, as a reflection of thesensitivity and questioning of a dominant manhood inherently excluder andunreachable, as political and positioning processes of a current group, butuntil recently hidden in our country. Through ethnographic technics and theincorporation of the concept of market as a vehicle of visibility, this worksproposes ideas coherent with the construction of a cross-curricular praxisthat responds to the new definition of social work, globally discussed, as wellas the questioning processes and citizen movements during last decade.Keywords: Social intervention, sexual diversity, social work, challenges

scholarly journals Sentrum og snikksnakk. Luther i bruk - i samfunn og skole

Prismet ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 245-260
Author(s):  
Per Anders Aas
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Common Relevance ◽  
A Current

Approaching the 500-year Reformation anniversary, the article discusses what might legitimize Luther as a topic in today’s society and educational practice. Are his crucial ideas an exclusively religious heritage, or could they be converted to issues of common relevance? Referring to the ways Luther was used by the GDR state and church in the 1983 anniversary, the article questions the potential for recontextualizing his specifically theological issues. By this, it relates to a current debate in religion didactics whether stories could be taught according to their religiously specific or universal, existential dimensions – cf. the question of learning about or from religion. The cultural and political impact of Luther’s theology obviously makes it relevant as common heritage. His theological issue, however – man’s lack of free will (De servo arbitrio), and his view on «theological man» as defined solely by God’s justification (De homine), which Luther considers to be his primary concern – appears to be counter-intuitive, i.e. different from what seems right or natural. Hence, it challenges the concept of cultural heritage, but proves a critical corrective to common, essentialist justifications of human dignity, cultural identity and superiority – which makes it an issue to be learnt from and not only about.Emneord: Luther, reformasjonen, kulturarv, fagdidaktikk, religionsdidaktikk.

scholarly journals Research use of electronic health records: patients’ perspectives on contact by researchers

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M Brelsford ◽  
Susan E Spratt ◽  
Laura M Beskow
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Potential Contact ◽  
Ethical Approaches ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
A Current

Abstract Objective The use of electronic health records (EHRs) for research has the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of disease, yet contact with patients based on results of EHR phenotyping has received little attention. Researchers will almost certainly discover discrepancies in EHRs that call for resolution and, in some cases, raise the ethical dilemma of whether to contact patients about a potentially undiagnosed or untreated health concern. The objective of this study was to explore patients’ attitudes and opinions about potential contact by researchers who have had access to their EHRs. Materials and methods We conducted 15 focus groups in four diverse counties in the southeastern United States. We designed vignettes to describe different situations in which researchers conducting a hypothetical study might have reason to consider contact with patients. Results Many patients believed it was important for researchers to take action if they discovered information suggesting a current serious health concern. Relaying the information through patients’ physicians was considered the most appropriate course of action. Across vignettes, there were significant differences between urban and rural sites. Discussion and conclusions Researchers may increasingly encounter situations involving contact with patients following EHR phenotyping. They should carefully consider the possibility of such contact when planning their studies, including the time and expertise needed to adjudicate potentially serious discrepancies. Our focus group results are one source of input for the development of ethical approaches to the research use of EHRs.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ON LITTORAL DRIFT IN FIELD AND LABORATORY

1964 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Per Bruun ◽  
James Purpura
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Current Action ◽  
The University ◽  
A Current

The Coastal Engineering Laboratory of the University of Florida is at present carrying out a combined field and laboratory research program to gain quantitative information on littoral drift longshore as well as perpendicular to the shore. The laboratory utilizes modern tracing technique by luminophores including a scanning (counting of grains) machine and experiments in a wave tank where a current is passed through waters agitated by waves propagating parallel to or perpendicular to the current action.

Combining Design Patterns and Elements of Social Computing for the Design of User Centered Online Help Systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Heckner ◽  
Silke Schworm ◽  
Christian Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Design Patterns ◽  
Social Computing ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Information Architecture ◽  
Social Software ◽  
Online Help ◽  
Implementation Problem ◽  
Help Systems ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Do So

Many current (online) help systems fail because users refuse to use them or, even if they do so, they do not perceive them as helpful. There is an obvious gap between the intentions of the help content authors and the achievement of objectives concerning the perceived usefulness by help users. Problems may be divided into psychological and implementation issues. On the psychological side users are often seriously challenged with understanding the instructions given by the system, which usually is not adequately adapted to user's prior knowledge or the vocabulary of a lay person. This problem of expert-lay communication is strengthened by the implementation problem of missing feedback channels. As a result, help systems do often leave users in isolation with their problems. The current article aims to address these issues by presenting an information architecture for an online help system which addresses aspects of communication between authors and users. The approach combines earlier models of design patterns with features for user contribution from social software and design principles in multimedia learning.

scholarly journals Meta-strategy learning in physical problem-solving: the effect of embodied experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey R Allen ◽  
Kevin Smith ◽  
Laura-Ashleigh Bird ◽  
Joshua B. Tenenbaum ◽  
Tamar Makin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Physical Problem ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Physical Reasoning ◽  
Current Action ◽  
Congenital Limb ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
To Come ◽  
A Current

'Embodied cognition' suggests that our experience in our bodies -- including our motor experiences -- shape our cognitive and perceptual capabilities broadly. Much work has studied how differences in the physical body (either natural or manipulated) can impact peoples' cognitive and perceptual capacities, but often these judgments relate directly to those body differences. Here we focus instead on how natural embodied experience affects what kinds of abstract physical problem-solving strategies people use in a virtual task. We compare how groups with different embodied experience -- children and adults with congenital limb differences versus those born with two hands -- perform on this task, and find that while there is no difference in overall accuracy or time to complete the task, the groups use different meta-strategies to come to solutions. Specifically, both children and adults born with limb differences take a longer time to think before acting, and as a result take fewer overall actions to reach solutions to physical reasoning problems. Conversely, the process of development affects the particular actions children use as they age regardless of how many hands they were born with, as well as their persistence with their current strategy. Taken together, our findings suggest that differences in embodied experience drive the acquisition of different meta-strategies for balancing acting with thinking, deciding what kinds of actions to try, and deciding how persistent to be with a current action plan.

The Use of 3D Scanning and 5-Axis Machining in Design and Fabrication of Dental Bridge

2016 ◽  
Vol 834 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Milde ◽  
Ladislav Morovič
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subsequent Modification ◽  
A Current ◽  
Dental Technology

Dental restorations are currently produced mainly by conventional dental technology methods. The automation of the manufacturing process can be achieved by the use of CAD/CAM technology. Basic research on the most important aspects of CAD/CAM fixed dental restorations from the viewpoint of production, information technology, and dentistry/dental technology are the subject of a current article. The aim of this article is practical using of computer aided technologies such as 3D scanning and 5-axis machining for designing and fabrication of dental restorations. It further explains the detailed process of acquiring a digital description of tooth’s shape and its subsequent modification. Attention is drawn to a detailed analysis of dental restorations’ design obtained from a digital description of a tooth in Cercon Art software. The last part of this paper concentrates on the fabrication of dental restorations, which took place at CAD/CAM dental centre in Bratislava, Slovakia. The fabrication was accomplished by 5-axis kinematic structure of machine tools.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapies for Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Current Literature Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Qiong Luo ◽  
Yanyan Tao ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Chenghai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
A Current

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become a serious public health problem. For the management of DILI, discontinuation of suspicious drug or medicine is the first step, but the treatments including drugs and supporting approaches are needed. Reference to clinical patterns and disease severity grades of DILI, the treatment drugs were considered to summarize into hepatoprotective drugs (N-acetylcysteine and Glutathione, Glycyrrhizin acid preparation, Polyene phosphatidylcholine, Bicyclol, Silymarin), anticholestatic drug (Ursodeoxycholic acid, S-adenosylmethionine, Cholestyramine), immunosuppressants (Glucocorticoids) and specific treatment agents (L-carnitine, Anticoagulants). The current article reviewed the accumulated literature with evidence-based medicine researches for DILI in clinical practice. Also the drawbacks of the clinical studies involved in the article, unmet needs and prospective development for DILI therapy were discussed.

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