Reciprocal Chromosome Translocation Between the Left-End 220kb of Chromosome II and the Right-End 270kb of Chromosome X in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Southern hybridization of chromosomes and the physical mapping of the genes used as several probes on the respective chromosomes II and X showed that the left-end ca. 220kb of chromosome II including ATP1 was exchanged the right-end ca. 270kb of chromosome X including ATP2 resulting the reciprocal chromosome translocation in the yeast strain YNN290, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. YTO290, the mutated strain by the reciprocal chromosome translocation as above described, was changed from red to white of the colony-color, and sizes of chromosome II lengthened from ca. 830kb to ca. 900kb and chromosome X shortened from ca. 760kb to ca. 690kb, respectively, in compared with the original strain YNN290. But, YTO290 strain was the same as the original strain YNN290 for other properties; the nutrient requiring of the genotype, the ploidy, the mitochondrial respiratory activity, the cell-size, and the growth-rate (doubling time), the number of chromosomes in a cell, It should be as a total number of nucleotides (bases) of genome.ATP1 or ATP2 and their neighboring base sequences respectively should be transferred from chromosome II left-end ca. 220kb to chromosome X right-end or chromosome X right-end ca. 270kb to chromosome II left-end accompanying with this reciprocal chromosome translocation. This mutated (the reciprocal chromosomes II and X translocation = exchanged those end-sequences as above described) strain, YTO290, seemed to lead to decrease the stability of the changed chromosomes II and X. The mutated strain, YTO290 might be observed to go back to the respective chromosomes II and X of the original strain, YNN290, in several months later even at 4°C.

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE dur LOCI IN S. CEREVISIAE: TWO DOMAINS OF A SINGLE MULTIFUNCTIONAL GENE

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/94.3.555 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 555-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Terrance G Cooper ◽

Christine Lam ◽

Vanessa Turoscy

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Structural Analysis ◽

Single Gene ◽

The Right ◽

Chromosome Ii

ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the degradation of urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia is catalyzed byurea carboxylase and albphanate hydrolase. The loci coding for these enzymes (dur1 and dur2) are very tightly linked an the right arm of chromosome II between pet11 and met8. Pleiotropic mutations that fail to complement mutations in either of the dur loci were found to be predominantly located in or near the dur2 locus. We interpret these data as suggesting that the two dur loci might in reality be domains of a single gene that codes fora multifunctional polypeptide. In view OIthis conclusion, we have renamed the dur loci as the durl,2 locus.

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MAPPING AND GENE CONVERSION STUDIES WITH THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR ISO-1-CYTOCHROME C IN YEAST

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/81.4.615 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 615-629

Author(s):

Christopher W Lawrence ◽

Fred Sherman ◽

Mary Jackson ◽

Richard A Gilmore

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Gene Conversion ◽

The Other ◽

Crossing Over ◽

Wild Type ◽

Chromosome X ◽

Tetrad Analysis ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Distal Marker ◽

The Right

ABSTRACT We have investigated the order of the four genes cyc1, rad7, SUP4, and cdc8 which form a tightly linked cluster on the right arm of chromosome X in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Crossing over and coconversion data from tetrad analysis established the gene order to be centromere–cyc1–rad7–SUP4. Also cdc8 appeared to be distal to SUP4 on the basis of crossovers that were associated with conversion of SUP4. The frequencies of recombination and the occurrence of coconversions suggest that these four genes are contiguous or at least nearly so. Gene-conversion frequencies for several cyc1 alleles were studied, including cyc1–1, a deletion of the whole gene that extends into the rad7 locus. The cyc1–1 deletion was found to be capable of conversion, though at a frequency some fivefold less than the other alleles studied, and both 3:1 and 1:3 events were detected. In general 1:3 and 3:1 conversion events were equally frequent at all loci studied, and approximately 50% of conversions were accompanied by reciprocal recombination for flanking markers. The orientation of the cyc1 gene could not be clearly deduced from the behavior of the distal marker SUP4 in wild-type recombinants that arose from diploids heteroallelic for cyc1 mutations.

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A MAPPING METHOD FOR SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE USING rad52-INDUCED CHROMOSOME LOSS

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/110.4.569 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 110 (4) ◽

pp. 569-589

Author(s):

David Schild ◽

Robert K Mortimer

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Mapping Method ◽

Treatment Result ◽

Recessive Mutation ◽

Chromosome Loss ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Chromosome X ◽

Coordinate Expression ◽

Chromosomal Markers ◽

The Right

ABSTRACT Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploids homozygous for the rad52-1 mutation have previously been shown to lose chromosomes mitotically. Spontaneous events and events following low levels of X-ray or methyl methanesulfonate treatment result in monosomic diploids, whereas higher levels of treatment result in near haploidization. This rad52-1-dependent chromosome loss has been used to develop a new mapping method which can be used to assign a previously unmapped gene to a chromosome. Chromosome loss mapping can be done in either of two ways: (1) if a diploid, homozygous for rad52-1 but heterozygous for a variety of other recessive markers, is constructed with an unmapped recessive mutation in coupling with known chromosomal markers, chromosome loss will result in the coordinate expression of the mutation and other recessive markers on the same chromosome; (2) if, however, the diploid is constructed with the unmapped mutation in repulsion to chromosomal markers, then even haploidization will never result in the coordinate expression of the unmapped mutation and other markers on the same homologous chromosome pair—This mapping method and subsequent tetrad analyses have been used to locate hom6 on chromosome X, ade4 on chromosome XIII and cdc31 on chromosome XV and to demonstrate that met5, previously assigned to chromosome V, actually maps to chromosome X; the met- marker on chromosome V has been shown to be met6. GAL80 and SUP5, previously assigned to an unmapped fragment, have now been mapped to the right arm of chromosome XIII.

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EVIDENCE OF CHROMOSOMAL BREAKS NEAR THE MATING-TYPE LOCUS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE THAT ACCOMPANY MATα x MATα MATINGS

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/99.3-4.383 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 99 (3-4) ◽

pp. 383-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John H McCusker ◽

James E Haber

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Distal Portion ◽

Chromosome Loss ◽

Chromosome Break ◽

Type Locus ◽

Distal Marker ◽

Chromosomal Breaks ◽

A Cell ◽

Chromosome Iii ◽

The Right

ABSTRACT In order for two heterothallic MATα haploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to mate, one parent must apparently become, at least transiently, an a-like cell. Only about 25% of the matings result from an actual transposition of MATa sequences to replace MATα, and about 1% result from a deletion joining MAT to the normally silent HMRa allele. The majority of matings occur after an apparent chromosome break that deletes MATα and all of the known markers more distal on the right arm of chromosome III.——The chrdmosome break occurs at or very near MAT, invariably leaving the distal marker tsml hemizygous, but the closely linked proximal marker cry1 usually is heterozygous. The resulting diploid containing the broken chromosome is mitotically unstable; about 10% of the colonies contain visible sectors in which the rest of the broken chromosome is lost. The region close to the breakpoint (i.g., cryl) is unusually active in recombination. About 20% of the intact homologues remaining after chromosome loss were gene-converted for cryl. In addition, the broken end participated in reciprocal recombination events that joined the chromosome to the distal portion of the intact homologous chromosome.——The unstable diploids may also become stable and no longer give rise to mitotic segregants. We have found two distinct ways in which stabilization occurs. Most often the diploid becomes euploid by a recombination event that yields a cell homozygous for all markers distal to (and sometimes including) cryl. In one of 9 cases SO far analyzed, the stable diploid was still hemizygous for MATα and for other markers distal to MAT. This last case is similar to the healing of broken chromosomes in maize described by MCCLINTOCK(1 939,1941,1951).

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Symmetrizable Difference Dchemes

Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics ◽

10.2478/cmam-2005-0001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 3-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexei A. Gulin

Keyword(s):

Initial Data ◽

Difference Scheme ◽

Difference Schemes ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Stability Boundaries ◽

Typical Representative ◽

Variable Weight ◽

The Stability ◽

Conditions Of Stability ◽

The Right

AbstractA review of the stability theory of symmetrizable time-dependent difference schemes is represented. The notion of the operator-difference scheme is introduced and general ideas about stability in the sense of the initial data and in the sense of the right hand side are formulated. Further, the so-called symmetrizable difference schemes are considered in detail for which we manage to formulate the unimprovable necessary and su±cient conditions of stability in the sense of the initial data. The schemes with variable weight multipliers are a typical representative of symmetrizable difference schemes. For such schemes a numerical algorithm is proposed and realized for constructing stability boundaries.

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Using FRET to Measure the Time it Takes for a Cell to Destroy a Virus

10.26434/chemrxiv.10299164.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Candace E. Benjamin ◽

Zhuo Chen ◽

Olivia Brohlin ◽

Hamilton Lee ◽

Stefanie Boyd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Uptake ◽

Rhodamine B ◽

Virus Like Particle ◽

A Cell ◽

Viral Nanoparticles ◽

The Stability ◽

Open Question ◽

Viral Surface ◽

Fret Pair

<div><div><div><p>The emergence of viral nanotechnology over the preceding two decades has created a number of intellectually captivating possible translational applications; however, the in vitro fate of the viral nanoparticles in cells remains an open question. Herein, we investigate the stability and lifetime of virus-like particle (VLP) Qβ - a representative and popular VLP for several applications - following cellular uptake. By exploiting the available functional handles on the viral surface, we have orthogonally installed the known FRET pair, FITC and Rhodamine B, to gain insight of the particle’s behavior in vitro. Based on these data, we believe VLPs undergo aggregation in addition to the anticipated proteolysis within a few hours of cellular uptake.</p></div></div></div>

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Pemanfaatan Metil Ester Sulfonat pada Pembuatan Deterjen Cair

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri ◽

10.26578/jrti.v7i14.1544 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (14) ◽

pp. 143-155

Author(s):

Eldha Sampepana ◽

Suroto Hadi Saputra

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate ◽

Emulsion Stability ◽

Alcohol Sulfate ◽

Stable Emulsion ◽

Linear Alkylbenzene ◽

Alkylbenzene Sulfonate ◽

The Stability ◽

The Right

In the manufacture of detergents still using surfactants (which serves as an emulsifier) of crude oil in the form of the AS. (alcohol sulfate) and LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate), where this type of surfactant cannot be degraded by microorganisms when discharged into the environment, causing environmental pollution. Methyl ester sulfonate surfactant is an anionic surfactant which has a composition of C16 - C18 fatty acids are capable of acting against nature deterjensinya, while the C12 - C14 fatty acids contribute to the foaming effect. The purpose of this study was to look for the formulation of methyl ester sulfonate (MES) the right to produce a good detergent by using materials such as methyl ester sulfonate surfactant self-made, methyl ester sulfonate and sodium lauryl market Ester Sulfate (SLS) with a concentration of 15 %, 20 % and 25 %. Detergent results of the study have high detergency ( net ) compared with the detergency of detergent commercial, have a stable emulsion stability, the stability of the foam/foam detergent power made from methyl ester sulfonate surfactant produces less foam, compared with a detergent made from SLS and surfactant SNI 06-4075-1996 standards.

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Development and Characterization of Two Types of Surface Displayed Levansucrases for Levan Biosynthesis

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11070757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 757

Author(s):

Huiyi Shang ◽

Danni Yang ◽

Dairong Qiao ◽

Hui Xu ◽

Yi Cao

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Large Scale ◽

Surface Display ◽

Yeast Surface Display ◽

Fusion Partner ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Food Industries ◽

Yeast Surface ◽

The Stability

Levan has wide applications in chemical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The free levansucrase is usually used in the biosynthesis of levan, but the poor reusability and low stability of free levansucrase have limited its large-scale use. To address this problem, the surface-displayed levansucrase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were generated and evaluated in this study. The levansucrase from Zymomonas mobilis was displayed on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 using a various yeast surface display platform. The N-terminal fusion partner is based on a-agglutinin, and the C-terminal one is Flo1p. The yield of levan produced by these two whole-cell biocatalysts reaches 26 g/L and 34 g/L in 24 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the stability of the surface-displayed levansucrases is significantly enhanced. After six reuses, these two biocatalysts retained over 50% and 60% of their initial activities, respectively. Furthermore, the molecular weight and polydispersity test of the products suggested that the whole-cell biocatalyst of levansucrase displayed by Flo1p has more potentials in the production of levan with low molecular weight which is critical in certain applications. In conclusion, our method not only enable the possibility to reuse the enzyme, but also improves the stability of the enzyme.

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