scholarly journals A Comparative Study of WH-Movement in Urdu and English: A Minimalist Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Binish Maqsood ◽  
Asif Aziz ◽  
Tahir Saleem ◽  
Summiya Azam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

The present study aims at presenting a comparative study of Urdu and English in terms of Wh-movement in the light of the minimalist program (MP) as the theoretical framework of the study. For this purpose, Urdu and English data related to Wh-expressions is used. The empirical evaluation of data reveals that Wh-movement is mandatory in English while, non-mandatory in Urdu. Furthermore, it shows that the movement of tense markers in English is obligatory along with the movement of Wh-phrase as compared to Urdu in which it is optional. The movement of tense markers is covert in Urdu as compared to its overt movement in English. The findings of the study show that the feature of [+WH, EPP] stimulates the movement of Wh-expression in order to check these features. The findings of the study are expected to prove helpful for students and researchers in understanding the nature of syntax in general and Wh-movement particularly.

Beyond Onto-theology and Metaphysics: the Cases of Heidegger and Nietzsche

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-345
Author(s):  
Vinod Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Philosophical Critique ◽  
Evaluative Study ◽  
Common Criticism ◽  
Global Age ◽  
Uncritical Acceptance ◽  
Critique Of Religion

AbstractTwo recent works will be considered that discuss Heidegger and Nietzsche in the context of the problem of overcoming metaphysics and the onto-theological tradition. A common criticism will be that these works in their attempt to retrieve a conception of religion, politics or faith beyond onto-theology and metaphysics tend to justify or idealize particular historically and culturally conditioned perspectives, which are not immune from further philosophical critique. Simon Oliai’s approach to countering the burgeoning fundamentalisms in our global age is ultimately not very convincing, representing as it does, a Western, liberal, Eurocentric worldview. The author’s use of Nietzsche or Heidegger for this purpose is also not very compelling. The remainder of this review essay appraises the volume edited by Cimino and van der Heiden, which attempts to rethink faith beyond onto-theology in several interesting ways. Although meant to be a comparative study, several contributions subscribe to a general Heideggerian (or Heidegger-inspired phenomenological-hermeneutical) theoretical framework, which itself is not rigorously scrutinized. A problematic implication is that Nietzsche’s own critical and constructive views of philosophy, his critique of religion and history, and his positive appraisal of faith and divinity are not seriously considered on their own terms: they are either mostly ignored, or they are selectively interpreted through a Heideggerian lens, with the result that this volume puts forward a mostly unfavorable view of Nietzsche. Some of the conceptual moves credited to Heidegger in the volume have their equivalents in Nietzsche’s philosophy, which a comparative and evaluative study such as this one must seriously take into account by resisting the uncritical acceptance of Heidegger’s own view of Nietzsche.

scholarly journals Clausal-Internal Scrambling in Urdu Language: A Derivation by Phases

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Asad Ali ◽  
Qaisar Jabbar ◽  
Humayun Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Audio Recording ◽  
Lower Phase ◽  
Phase Theory

Scrambling in Clausal-Internal is accounted for employing minimalist program as a theoretical framework on Urdu Naturalistic data in this study. For empirical evidence, an Urdu corpus has been accumulated in audio-recording forms from 100 competent Urdu speakers within the natural setting, taking Naturalist Inquiry as methodological purposes.  Employing minimalist program on Urdu data, this study vehemently postulates that the dislocation of arguments from base to host position only hinges on the phase heads— Co and vo; hence no other external devices essentially necessitate accounting for scrambling. This study highlighted scrambling in clausal-internal specifically within Indo-Aryan Languages is Universal Phase-Based parsimony, and it is only controlled by the exiting mechanism within the phase theory. Moreover, the only merge and move operations linearize the CP in a phase-based fashion while CP is a higher phase and vP is a lower phase. No additional AGRoP necessitates scrambling, but one phase successively and cyclically converges into a higher phase level, i.e. CP and the derivation matches at LF and PF interfaces satisfying Full Interpretation (FI).

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Editorials of Daily Dawn and Daily the News International Regarding Electricity Crisis of Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Sajjad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Framing Theory ◽  
Electricity Crisis ◽  
The Media ◽  
Elite Newspapers

This research investigates the editorial coverage of two elite newspapers of Pakistan; Daily the News International and Daily Dawn regarding electricity crisis in Pakistan from June 2010 to May 2011. For this research study, 49 editorials were studied, comprised 648 sentences. Twenty-two editorials (291 sentences) in Daily Dawn and 27 editorials (357 sentences) published in Daily the News International during the proposed period of the study. All editorial sentences are divided into five different categories; Causes, Effects, Reactions, Solutions and Miscellaneous of the electricity crisis according to the nature of data. The study finds out that both newspapers gave 22.06% favourable, 36.57% unfavourable coverage, while 41.35% neutral coverage on the issue which shows that both the newspapers have given more neutral coverage. The researcher used framing theory as a theoretical framework. In light of results, the researcher concluded that the media framed this crisis in a neutral way.

scholarly journals Speech Acts across Cultures: A Comparative Study of Chinese and Pakistani Students’ Request and Politeness Strategies

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Amina Shahzadi ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar Bhatti ◽  
Munir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Request Strategies ◽  
Esl Learners

The examines are the different request strategies in English used by Pakistani and Chinese students according to social distance and power of interlocutors. Data comprises students from Pakistan and China enrolled in an undergraduate program at International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper's (1989) taxonomy of request strategies is taken as a theoretical framework to compare the request speech act patterns of Pakistani and Chinese students. This study analyzed the request speech act in terms of head act strategies used by participants. Blum-Kulka et al. (1989) categorized the request speech act into three request strategies i.e. direct, conventionally indirect, and non-conventional indirect strategies. The study identifies similarities between Pakistani ESL learners and Chinese EFL learners in making use of mood derivable as the preferred strategies for making requests in situations of different social distance, power, and familiarity between the interlocutors.

The Rate of Adoption in Households and Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 373-388
Author(s):  
Henrik Vejlgaard
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations Theory ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Digital Terrestrial Television ◽  
Service Theory

The aim of this study is to investigate if households or organizations are faster in their adoption of an innovation. There does not appear to be existing research on this area of diffusion of innovations research. In this comparative study, the study object is digital terrestrial television (DTT), specifically the implementation of DTT in Denmark. By taking a service theory approach, DTT can be categorized as a service innovation. The rate of adoption is a concept in diffusion of innovations theory, which is used as the study's theoretical framework. For both units of analysis, three surveys were carried out. Based on the data, the rate of adoption for households and for organizations was established. It is clear that organizations adopt an innovation faster than households during the entire adoption process. Based on this research, a predictive model is constructed conceptually.

Code Clone Detection and Analysis in Open Source Applications

2015 ◽  
pp. 1951-1965
Author(s):  
Al-Fahim Mubarak-Ali ◽  
Shahida Sulaiman ◽  
Sharifah Mashita Syed-Mohamad ◽  
Zhenchang Xing
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Clone Detection ◽  
Code Clones ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Code Clone ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pipeline Model

Code clone is a portion of codes that contains some similarities in the same software regardless of changes made to the specific code such as removal of white spaces and comments, changes in code syntactic, and addition or removal of code. Over the years, many approaches and tools for code clone detection have been proposed. Most of these approaches and tools have managed to detect and analyze code clones that occur in large software. In this chapter, the authors aim to provide a comparative study on current state-of-the-art in code clone detection approaches and models together with their corresponding tools. They then perform an empirical evaluation on the selected code clone detection tool and organize the large amount of information in a more systematic way. The authors begin with explaining background concepts of code clone terminology. A comparison is done to find out strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches, models, and tools. Based on the comparison done, they then select a tool to be evaluated in two dimensions, which are the amount of detected clones and run time performance of the tool. The result of the study shows that there are various terminologies used for code clone. In addition, the empirical evaluation implies that the selected tool (enhanced generic pipeline model) gives a better code clone output and runtime performance as compared to its generic counterpart.

scholarly journals The social dynamics of group offending

2021 ◽  
pp. 136248062110304
Author(s):  
Beth Weaver ◽  
Alistair Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The West ◽  
Rational Actor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rational Actor Models ◽  
The Comparative Study

Theoretical explanations of group offending have been hindered by a focus on rational actor models of social relationships. One consequence of this has been a neglect of the dynamics of social relations and their role in group offending and desistance. Drawing illustratively on two studies conducted in the West of Scotland, this article advances an integrated theoretical framework for the comparative study of group offending that moves beyond either individualizing or ‘gang’ frames dominating existing discourse, towards a thick understanding of situated social relations. By integrating Bourdieu’s concept of habitus with Donati’s relational realist framework, this article theoretically and empirically examines the dynamics of group offending relationships, what shapes them and the way they can, in turn, shape and affect offending and desistance trajectories.

scholarly journals Surrealism in Budi Darma’s Laki – Laki Pemanggul Goni (The Man Carrying the Sack): A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
Melania Shinta Harendika
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Version ◽  
English Version

Laki – laki Pemanggul Goni is one of Budi Darma‘s short stories. It was firstly published in Kompas, 26 February 2012, and was then translated by Andy Fuller in 2015. Lontar Foundation published the translated version along with the other translated Budi Darma‘s short stories in a book entitled Conversations. Budi Darma is famous of his surrealist work. It is reflected also in Laki – laki Pemanggul Goni. Therefore, this study was intended to find whether its‘ English version conveyed exactly the same characteristics of surrealism as it was in the original version. Bassnett‘s translation as comparative studies, Popovics‘ types of translation equivalence, and Breton‘s surrealism in literature were implemented as the theoretical framework. This study found that both versions did not convey precisely the identical characteristics of surrealism. The Indonesian version‘s surrealism is stronger than it is in the English version. It might occur because of the cultural gap between the author‘s and the translator‘s.

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