Chemical Control of Asian Soybean Rust and Its Effect in the Yield and Quality of Soybean Seeds

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a foliar fungicide commonly used to control Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. The experiment was carried out during the 2012/13 field season, with six treatments and four replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. The following treatments were evaluated: T1 (no fungicide application); one application at R1 stage; two applications at R1 and R3 stages; three applications at R1, R3, and R5 stages; four applications at R1, R3, R5, and R6 stages and five applications at R1, R3, R5, R6 and R7 stages. Seeds yield, seed weight, viability and vigor assessments were used to measure the impact of foliar fungicide applications on soybean yield and seed quality. The results indicated that four fungicide applications provide higher grain yield, increased seed weight, and germination percentages within commercial standards. In contrast, the number of fungicide applications did not correlate with the sanitary quality of the seeds.

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Lignification of the plant and seed quality of RR soybeans sprayed with herbicide glyphosate

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2013000200019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 286-292

Author(s):

Cristiane Fortes Gris ◽

Edila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽

Maria Laene de Moreira Carvalho ◽

Rafael Parreira Diniz ◽

Thaís de Andrade

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Herbicide Glyphosate

Differences in levels of lignin in the plant between conventional and transgenic cultivars RR has been reported by several authors, however, there are few studies evaluating the influence of spraying of glyphosate on the lignin in the plant and RR soybean seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of RR transgenic soybean seeds and the lignin contents of plants sprayed with the herbicide glyphosate. The assays were conducted both in greenhouse and field in the municipality of Lavras, MG, in the agricultural year 2007/08. The experiment was arranged in a splitplot design with four replicates, considering the treatments hand weeding and herbicide glyphosate as plots, and five RR soybean cultivars (BRS 245 RR, BRS 247 RR, Valiosa RR, Silvânia RR and Baliza RR) as splitplots. In the greenhouse, the cultivars tested were BRS 245 RR and Valiosa RR in a randomized block design with four replicates. The sprayings were carried out at stages V3, V7 and early R5 (3L/ha). The 1000 seed weight, mechanical injury, germination and germination velocity index, emergence velocity index, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and water soaking seed test, lignin content in the seed coat, in the stem and legumes were determined. The spraying of glyphosate herbicide, in greenhouse and field, did not alter the physiological quality of seeds and the lignin contents in the plant.

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Induction of resistance and chemical management of mildew and Asian rust in soybean cultivation

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v68n4.78494 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 285-290

Author(s):

Daniel Claudio Grigolo ◽

Jean Carlo Possenti ◽

Marcieli Da Silva ◽

Sergio Miguel Mazaro ◽

Karina Guollo

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

New Technologies ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Chemical Management ◽

Lost Productivity ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Induction Of Resistance

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the most cultivated in Brazil and has lost productivity due to the attack of disease pests. Thus, it is necessary to develop new technologies capable of reducing damages caused by such biological agents. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the chemical management of ‘eyespot’ and the induction of resistance through the use of phosphites and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM), in association with commercial fungicides, affect the quality of soybean seeds. The study was conducted in the field, during two consecutive harvests in Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil, and a randomized blocks experimental designs was used. The response-variables evaluated were yield components, disease severity through specific diagrammatic scales, and seed quality attributes. The use of phosphite and ASM, with and without the combination of fungicides Glifosato, Azoxistrobina + Benzovindiflupir, Azoxistrobina + Ciproconazol and Picoxistrobina + Ciproconazol did not reduce the severity of the mildew and asian soybean rust. The use of combinations of different fungicides was sufficient to mitigate the severity effects of the mildew and asian rust on soybean crop.

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Interactive effects of rice bran compost and chemical fertilizers on macronutrients, oil and protein content in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

International Journal of Agricultural Research Innovation and Technology ◽

10.3329/ijarit.v10i2.51582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 91-99

Author(s):

M Alauddin ◽

GM Mohsin ◽

AHMZ Ali ◽

MK Rahman

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Uptake Pattern ◽

The Impact

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Charfasson Govt. College, Bhola, Bangladesh in rabi season in 2015-2016 to evaluate the impact of conjunctive use of chemical fertilizers with rice bran on concentration, uptake and seed quality of sunflower cv. BARI-2 (Keroni-2). The experiment was laid out in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) having sixteen treatments with three replications. The size of the plots were 3 m x 2 m. Treatments were T1 Control (- RB and -NPK), T2: 2.5 t RB ha-1, T3: 5.0 t RB ha-1,T4: 7.5 t RB ha-1, T5: N40P30K50 kg ha-1,T6: N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T7: N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T8: 2.5 t RB ha-1 + N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T9: 2.5 t RB ha-1 + N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T10: 2.5 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T11: 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T12: 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T13: 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T14: 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T15: 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T16: 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1. Results showed that the concentration, uptake and quality of seeds (oil and protein) of the crop increased with increasing rate of the amendments significantly (P<0.05) over the control and the variation between the treatments were also significant irrespective of the sources of amendments in most of the cases. Generally, combination of the treatments showed better performance than their individual application. Maximum values of NPKS concentration (%) in different organs of sunflower were 1.22, 0.35, 1.90, 0.18 for stem; 1.17, 0.35, 2.41, 0.16 for root; 3.98, 0.43, 4.28, 0.24 for leaf, 1.04, 0.65, 3.00, 0.22 for petiole; 2.16, 0.58, 2.21, 0.26 for inflorescence and 5.24, 0.83, 1.60, 0.47 for seed measured in treatments 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1 and 7.5 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1 in most of the cases. However, their uptake pattern also followed the same trend as in concentration and the highest values were found in those treatments in most of the cases. Significantly (P<0.05%) the highest content of oil (51.1%) in seed was measured in the treatment 5.0 t RB ha-1 + N120P90K150 kg ha-1 and protein (33.9%) was found in the treatment 5.0 t RB ha-1 +N80P60K100 kg ha-1. Their lowest values were found in control for oil and in 2.5 t RB ha-1 for protein, which was lower than control treatment. The overall findings of this study indicated that rice bran in combination with chemical fertilizers could be applied to achieve better concentration and uptake in different organs, oil and protein content in seeds of sunflower. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(2): 91-99, December 2020

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Pengaruh Pemangkasan Cabang dan Mikoriza terhadap Produksi dan Mutu Benih Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus L.)

Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science ◽

10.24843/ajoas.2019.v09.i01.p06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

ANWI APRILIANA ◽

ENDANG PUDJIHARTATI ◽

HARMASTINI SUKIMAN

Keyword(s):

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Cucumber Plant ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Christian University ◽

Seed Technology ◽

Physiology Laboratory

The Effect of Branch Pruning and Mycorrhiza on Production and Seed Quality of Cucumis sativus L. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best branch pruning, with or without mycorrhiza application, in order to increase the production and quality of cucumber seeds. Pruning the branch at the beginning of cucumber growth is expected to delay fruit formation and support good vegetative growth. This research was carried out in the PT. Primasid Andalan Utama seed production area in Kalibeji Village, Tuntang District, Semarang Regency, Seed Technology Laboratory and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Business, Satya Wacana Christian University. This study was conducted by the split-plot randomized complete block design with 2 factors. The main plot consists of 2 levels, namely control/without mycorrhiza (M0) and mycorrhiza application (M1). Pruning the branches as the subplots consist of 4 levels, were pruning to the second, third, fourth and fifth branches of the cucumber plant (P1, P2, P3 and P4). DMRT was used to differentiate the significance of the treatment. The results showed that mycorrhiza application increased the percentage of root infections. The pruning to the fifth branch (P4) is the best; in control without mycorrhiza (M0P4) increased for the number of fruits, the seed weight per plant, and the germination simultaneously; whereas in mycorrhiza application (M1P4) increased the number of fruits and the seed weight per plant. It is also observed that the pruning to the second branch (P1) increased the weight of 1000 grains, the speed of germination and the simultaneous of germination; both with and without mycorrhiza application.

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The role of glyphosate in RR soybean production and seed quality

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582014000200018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 401-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L.P. Albrecht ◽

A.J.P. Albrecht ◽

A.L. Braccini ◽

R.S. Oliveira Jr. ◽

L.H.S. Zobiole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Roundup Ready ◽

Development Stages ◽

Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to evaluate the production components and quality of RR soybean seeds (Roundup Ready®), after application of increasing rates of gliphosate. Field experiments were conducted in Mandaguari, Paraná, during two seasons. Treatments consisted of five doses of glyphosate. All applications were performed once, between development stages V4 and V5. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design, with four replicates. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and when significant, t-tests and a regression analysis were applied to verify the behavior of the treatments. The physiological and sanitary quality, yield and mass of one thousand seeds were evaluated. The results indicated that seed quality can be adversely affected by glyphosate, and also showed a probable reduction in yield components with increasing rates of application.

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Foliar fungicide and environments on the physiological quality of oat seeds

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/s2317-15372014000100002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 15-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eliege Aparecida de Paiva Oliveira ◽

Claudemir Zucareli ◽

Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca ◽

José Carlos de Oliveira ◽

Alberto Sérgio do Rego Barros

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Oat Seeds ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Foliar Fungicide

The oat crop is of great economic importance and seed production depends on several factors (biotic and abiotic) that can alter its quality. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of oat seeds produced with and without application of foliar fungicide in contrasting environments. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a factorial 6x2 (cultivar x fungicide) for each site, with four replications. The physiological quality of seeds was evaluated by grain yield, germination, first count, accelerated aging, moisture content after accelerated aging, seedling length, seedling dry weight, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence in field. Data were subjected to joint and individual analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey’s test at 5%. Grain yield in Mauá da Serra is superior to Londrina, Parana State - Brazil, but the seed quality is lower, although all cultivars have shown germination above 90% in the two cultivation sites. Cultivars FAEM 6 DILMASUL and UPFA OURO showed no disease, indicating possible resistance. The application of the product has a beneficial effect on seed germination and vigor, even in the absence of disease.

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Action of defense activator and foliar fungicide on the control of Asiatic rust and on yield and quality of soybean seeds

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/s2317-15372013000200009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 198-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bruno Oliveira Carvalho ◽

João Almir Oliveira ◽

Everson Reis Carvalho ◽

Vinícius de Andrade ◽

Thaís Francielle Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Seed Health ◽

Foliar Fungicide

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of fungicide application (PrioriXtra®, azoxystrobin + ciproconazole) and defense activator (Bion®, acibenzolar-S-methyl) on the control of Asiatic rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), as well as the effect of the disease on the quality of soybean seeds. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 4 X 10 with three replications, with four soybean breeding lines, two disease-tolerant and two susceptible and ten managements of rust control, using the products Bion®, Priori Xtra® and their combination, applied once, twice and three times, and a control. It evaluated the rate of normalized difference vegetation, productivity, mass of 1000 seeds and seed quality by means of the germination, seedling emergence, accelerated aging and seed health tests. The use of the defense activator alone in the maximum of three applications is not effective in controlling rust. The fungicide used in conjunction or not with the defense activator is effective in controlling rust and improving seed quality, when used with three foliar applications. The defoliation caused by rust affects considerably the formation of seeds, as well as productivity and also the percentage of germination and seedling emergence, and is influenced by genotype.

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Changes of Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity in Soybean Seeds Harvested from Phakopsora pachyrhizi Infected Crops

Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education ◽

10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.14481 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 369-378

Author(s):

Eriyanto Yusnawan ◽

Novita Nugrahaeni ◽

Joko Susilo Utomo

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Rust Infection ◽

Phenolic Contents

Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most destructive foliar diseases on soybean. Severe infection of this disease causes early defoliation and reduces the yield. To determine the response of soybean genotypes to this disease and the changes of metabolites in seeds, a greenhouse study was conducted using eight Indonesian soybean cultivars, i.e. Malabar, Wilis, Ringgit, Pangrango, Argomulyo, Grobogan, Dena 1, and Dena 2. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design and repeated three times. The soybean crops were inoculated with the pathogen and another set was not inoculated. Infection of P. pachyrhizi reduced fresh biomass, seed weight per plant, and weight of 100 seeds. However, total flavonoid contents in seeds increased from 12 to 50% in all infected genotypes. The increase of daidzein from 27 to 67% in seeds was observed, except for Malabar and Argomulyo . The increase of genistein was genotypic dependence. The increase of total phenolic contents as well as antioxidant activity was also depending on the genotypes. P. pachyrhizi could be one of the biotic elicitors to increase total flavonoid contents in soybean seeds. Dena 1 less suffered from the rust infection as represented by the least pustule number, less reduction in seed weight and weight of 100 seeds. Secondary metabolites particularly phenolics and isoflavones in seeds of this cultivar increased significantly after the rust infection. This cultivar could be considered as an alternative tolerant genotype where cultivated area is favorable for soybean rust infection.

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DOES CHEMICAL DESICCATION AND HARVEST TIME AFFECT THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF SOYBEAN SEEDS?

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n409rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 934-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ALAN MARIO ZUFFO ◽

MARIELY DE ABREU DOS SANTOS ◽

IZABELA CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA ◽

CHARLINE ZARATIN ALVES ◽

JORGE GONZÁLEZ AGUILERA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Phenological Stage ◽

Ammonium Glufosinate ◽

Physiological Quality

ABSTRACT The use of desiccants may result in seeds with high physiological and sanitary quality due to the shorter period of exposure to field adverse conditions before the maturity stage for harvest. This study evaluated the effect of chemical desiccants and harvest times on the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design, arranged in a factorial scheme (4 × 3) + 1, with four replications. The first factor corresponded to four desiccation (grammoxone-2 L ha-1, glufosinate-2 L ha-1, reglone-1.5 L ha-1, and saflufenacil-40 g ha-1) applied at the R7.1 phenological stage (physiological maturity and 65% moisture with three harvest times (0, 7, and 14 days after the R8 phenological stage) and additional treatment (control, application of water only, and harvest at the R8 stage), with four replications. The use of the grammoxone desiccant and seeds harvested at seven days after the R8 stage resulted in soybean seeds of the highest physiological quality, as observed for the variables germination, moisture damage, mechanical damage, and incidences of Colletotrichum sp., Phomopsis sp., Penicillium sp. Fusarium sp., Cercospora kikuchii, and Alternaria sp. Seeds harvested at the R8 + 14 stage had the greatest losses in seed quality. The use of ammonium glufosinate and saflufenacil as desiccants is not recommended due to the reduction in the physiological quality of soybean seeds.

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Sowing periods, agronomic performance and seed quality of soybean cultivars in the Planosol soil

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.03.p994 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽

pp. 348-353

Author(s):

Geison Rodrigo Aisenberg ◽

Felipe Koch ◽

Gustavo Zimmer ◽

Gustavo Henrique Demari ◽

Vinícius Jardel Szareski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Morphological Attributes ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Soybean Plants

Understanding of sowing in an ideal season for each region and cultivar is essential for the crop to reach each of its stages in more favorable climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different sowing times on agronomic attributes of two soybean cultivars and the physiological quality of soybean seeds in soil type Eutrophic Haplic Planosol. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 4 x 2, with four sowing times and two soybean cultivars, with eight replications. The sowing was executed at the beginning and end of November (1st and 2nd epochs) and beginning and end of January (3rd and 4th epochs), using the cultivars: Fundacep 64 RR and BMX Potência RR. The experiment was carried out in polyethylene vessels with volumetric capacity of 10 liters. The morphological attributes of the plants were evaluated, such as: height, stem diameter, number of pods and seeds per plant, 1000 seed weight, as well as seed germination and vigor. Seeding after January 1st negatively affected the agronomic behavior of soybean plants, with reduction of plant height, stem diameter, number of pods and seeds per plant. The sowing on November 1st favored the obtaining of seeds with lower physical quality in terms of 1000 seed weight; however, seeds with superior physiological performance. Late sowing showed an alternative for the production of soybean seeds in the South region of Rio Grande do Sul, mainly due to the higher quality of the seeds produced in this period.

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