scholarly journals Effective Preemergence Herbicides for Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) Control in Irrigated Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbes Tanji ◽  
Mohamed Boutfirass
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Three on-farm weed control experiments were conducted in irrigated bread wheat in the Doukkala perimeter, Morocco, in 2015-16 and 2016-17 in order to study the efficacy of 4 pre-emergence herbicide treatments for controlling rigid ryegrass that is resistant to 13 post-emergence herbicides. Results showed that 3 pre-emergence herbicides [i) chlorotoluron, 2000 g/ha + isoxaben, 74.8 g/ha; ii) prosulfocarb, 4000 g/ha; iii) prosulfocarb, 2000 g/ha + s-metolachlor, 300 g/ha] reduced rigid ryegrass shoot biomass by > 90% 1 to 3 months after treatments (MAT). Pendimethalin (1320 g ha-1) achieved 83-99% rigid ryegrass control 1 to 3 MAT. The four herbicide treatments were safe on wheat in one experiment, but reduced wheat density in 2 other experiments due to heavy rain (about 100 mm) after herbicide treatments and before crop emergence. Grain yields in sprayed plots ranged from 6.6 to 9.8 t ha-1, 4.4 to 7.4 t ha-1, 7.3 to 8.9 t ha-1 in experiments 1 to 3, respectively. Straw yields were 11.4 to 15.4, 9.6 to 15.8, and 10.1 to 14.5 t ha-1 in the 3 experiments, respectively. These preemergence herbicides need to be used by wheat growers as part of an integrated weed management program. Further research is needed to explore ways to avoid wheat injury, that could be occasionally caused by heavy rain or irrigation, after preemergence herbicide application and before crop emergence.

Use of Glyphosate and Herbicide Alternatives for Weed Control in Florida Landscape Planting Beds

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Marble ◽  
Joe Neal ◽  
Andy Senesac
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Herbicide Alternatives

This new 10-page article is written for landscape professionals and those maintaining landscape areas to guide them in selecting alternatives to glyphosate (the active ingredient in RoundUp®) for postemergence weed control in Florida. Information is also included on preemergence herbicides and integrated weed management (use of chemical and non-chemical controls), which should be the basis of a weed management program. Written by Chris Marble, Joe Neal, and Andy Senesac, and published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep580

Integrating arthropod herbivory and reduced herbicide use for weed management

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Williams ◽  
Douglas B. Walsh ◽  
Rick A. Boydston
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Volunteer Potato ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Herbicide Use

Few studies have examined the combined effect of herbicide-induced stress and arthropod herbivory to reduce weed fitness. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of arthropod herbivory on the herbicide dose–response of a perennial weed. Fluroxypyr dose–response bioassays using volunteer potato were conducted in the presence and absence of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) herbivory. Logistic model parameter estimates for leaf area, shoot biomass, tuber number, and tuber biomass were often lower with herbivory, compared with no herbivory. Greater variance of parameter estimates within herbivory plots was attributed largely to differential feeding because CPB density was not manipulated in the field. Results from short-season field studies (1,000 growing degree days [GDD] after postemergence [POST] herbicide application) indicated that herbivory had the most effect on potato during a period that coincided with high CPB density and optimal temperatures for CPB development. Season-long bioassays (> 3,100 GDD after POST) revealed that addition of herbivory reduced herbicide use 65 to > 85%, compared with the dose needed to achieve the same reduction in tuber production in the absence of herbivory. Integrated weed management systems targeting volunteer potato are more effective when fluroxypyr applications are made before periods of high herbivory. Moreover, this article describes an experimental approach contributing to optimization of combined effects of arthropod herbivory and reduced herbicide doses.

Effects of Repeat Annual Applications of Dichlobenil on Weed Populations and Yield Components of Cranberry

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary A. Sandler ◽  
Joanne Mason ◽  
Wesley R. Autio ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Marketable Fruit

To address grower concerns that repeated use of dichlobenil could negatively affect cranberry productivity, field studies were conducted at two commercial farms in either high weed density (HW) or low weed density (LW) areas. Data from 4 yr of repeat annual applications of 0, 1.8, and 4.5 kg ai/ha dichlobenil indicated minimal negative impact on cranberry vines. Herbicide application did not affect upright productivity, leaf biomass production, percent fruit set, or other yield parameters adversely; in addition, no improvement in these parameters was noted. Although the interaction of herbicide application with weed density on cranberry root length varied with sampling date, no consistent trend (adverse or positive) was seen. The presence of weeds, rather than herbicide application, was the important determinant of yield. Vines in LW areas produced more marketable fruit and had higher percentage of fruit set than vines growing in HW areas. Repeat annual applications of dichlobenil on commercial cranberry beds may be considered as part of a viable integrated weed management program with no adverse effect on crop growth or yield.

Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Curran ◽  
John M. Wallace ◽  
Steven Mirsky ◽  
Benjamin Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

A field experiment was conducted in 2009–2010 at Pennsylvania and Maryland locations, and repeated it in 2010–2011 to test the effectiveness of POST-applied herbicides at fall and spring timings on seeded hairy vetch in winter wheat. A total of 16 herbicide treatment combinations was tested that included synthetic auxins, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor. Spring applications tended to be more effective than fall applications. Among synthetic auxins, clopyralid (105 g ae ha−1) and treatments containing dicamba (140 g ae ha−1) were effective at both timings, resulting in greater than 90% hairy vetch control at wheat harvest. Pyroxsulam and prosulfuron applied at 18 g ai ha−1 provided the most effective hairy vetch control (> 90%) at both application timings among ALS inhibitors. Spring applications of several herbicides provided moderate (> 80%) to high (> 90%) levels of hairy vetch control, including: 2,4-D amine (140 g ae ha−1), mesosulfuron-methyl (15 g ai ha−1), tribenuron-methyl (13 g ai ha−1), and thifensulfuron/tribenuron-methyl treatments (16 and 32 g ai ha−1). Winter wheat injury was evaluated, but symptoms were negligible for most treatments. Winter wheat yields declined with increasing hairy vetch biomass. Fall herbicides may be prioritized to reduce hairy vetch competition during the fall and early spring growing season. Our research has established that several synthetic auxin and ALS-inhibiting herbicides, applied POST in fall or spring, can be safely used in winter wheat to control hairy vetch in an integrated weed management program.

Using the Rosette Technique for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in Row Crops

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett R. Miller ◽  
Rodney G. Lym
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Standard Practices

Clopyralid applied to Canada thistle rosettes has provided better control in the following growing season than applications to bolted plants. The objectives of this research were to determine if using cultivation to prevent plants from bolting prior to herbicide application (the rosette technique) could be successfully incorporated into a row crop production system and to evaluate the effect of Canada thistle growth stage on the absorption and translocation of14C-clopyralid. Canada thistle control 8 mo after postharvest herbicide treatment (MAFT) using the rosette technique was similar to control when using conventional in-crop plus postharvest herbicide treatments in corn and soybean. Glyphosate and clopyralid plus 2,4-D were the most consistent postharvest herbicide treatments for Canada thistle control 8 MAFT in corn and soybean. Corn yields were similar, but soybean yields were slightly lower when Canada thistle was controlled using cultivation compared to conventional herbicide treatments.14C-clopyralid translocation to Canada thistle roots and lower shoot parts was greater when clopyralid was applied to the rosette stage than when applied to bolted Canada thistle plants. The increased translocation probably accounts for the increased Canada thistle control observed in the field. Incorporating the rosette technique into a weed management program should allow growers to control Canada thistle with less herbicide input than do standard practices.

Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed in Winter Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris J. Mahoney ◽  
Kristen E. McNaughton ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Four field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period (2012 and 2013) in winter wheat to evaluate POST herbicides for the control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed. POST herbicides were evaluated for winter wheat injury and GR giant ragweed control, population density, and aboveground biomass. The herbicides used in this study provided 54 to 90% and 51 to 97% control of GR giant ragweed at 4 and 8 wk after treatment (WAT), respectively. At 8 WAT, auxinic herbicide treatments or herbicide tank mix/premix treatments that contained auxinics provided 78 to 97% control of GR giant ragweed. Reductions in GR giant ragweed population density and aboveground biomass were 62 to 100% and 83 to 100%, respectively, and generally reflected the level of control. The results of this research indicate that Ontario, Canada, corn and soybean growers should continue to incorporate winter wheat into their crop rotation as one component of an integrated weed management (IWM) strategy for the control of GR giant ragweed.

scholarly journals Toleransi Galur Harapan Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Persaingan dengan Gulma Echinochloa crus-galli

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Usman , ◽  
Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Dan Dwi Guntoro
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Productive Tiller ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

<em>ABSTRACT<br /><br />Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) is a major weed competitor to rice production in Indonesia. In order to develop integrated weed management program, a research to select competitive rice lines to E. crus-galli was conducted in a green house of Indonesian Centre of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development Bogor. The research design was split plot with four replications, E. crus-galli was designed as the main plot (rice without E. crus-galli compared  rice with four E. crus-galli per pot), and the sub-plots were 25 genotypes (23 lines, 1 tolerant variety and 1 sensitive variety). Level of tolerance was determined by the reduction percentage of grains weight, the number of productive tillers and dry matter weight. The results showed that rice competition with E. crus-galli reduced plant height, productive tiller numbers, filled spikelet numbers per panicle, dry matter weight and dry grain weight. Three lines, i.e., IR10L-155, IR10L-133 and BIO-R84-1 were classified as tolerant, 19 lines were moderate and 3 lines were sensitive to E. crus-galli competition.<br /><br />Keywords: Barnyard grass, competition, sensitive line, yield reduction </em>

scholarly journals Optimizing activity of herbicides at reduced rate on Emex spinosa campd. with adjuvants

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Javaid ◽  
A. Tanveer ◽  
R. Ahmad ◽  
M. Yaseen ◽  
A Khaliq
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Alcohol Ethoxylate ◽  
Alkyl Ether ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Biomass Reduction ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

In pot experiments, two adjuvants were evaluated for their efficacy in enhancing activity of five herbicides applied at reduced rates (75% of the recommended rates) on Emex spinosa at the cotyledon-leaf and at the two- to four- leaf stage. Herbicides (at recommended rates) including fluroxypyr+MCPA at 450 g a.i. ha-1, carfentrazone-ethyl at 20 g a.i. ha-1, bromoxynil+MCPA at 450 g a.i. ha-1, thifensulfuron-methyl at 75 g a.i. ha-1 and tribenuronmethyl at 75 g a.i. ha-1 alone and tank mixed at reduced rates with adjuvants, namely, alkyl ether sulphate sodium salt at 625 mL ha-1 or fatty alcohol ethoxylate at 375 mL ha-1. Addition of the adjuvants to reduced rates of fluroxypyr+MCPA and carfentrazone-ethyl, increased their efficacy with 100% mortality and biomass reduction of E. spinosa at the cotyledon- leaf stage and at the two- to four- leaf stage which was similar to their recommended rates without the adjuvants except for carfentrazone-ethyl at a reduced rate without adjuvants at the two- to four- leaf stage. Bromoxynil+MCPA at reduced rates with alkyl ether sulphate sodium salt also gave 100% control of E. spinosa over weedy check at the two- to four- leaf stage. Both the adjuvants generally increased the efficacy of tribenuron-methyl at reduced rates when sprayed at both leaf stages. These findings suggest that the use of adjuvants may increase the efficacy of the above mentioned herbicides against E. spinosa and it may be incorporated in an integrated weed management program.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) on the Early Seedling Growth of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties and Selected Weeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Murimwa ◽  
J. T. Rugare ◽  
S. Mabasa ◽  
R. Mandumbu
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Resource Poor

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) production is lucrative to resource poor farmers in marginalised areas of Zimbabwe, although most farmers have reportedly been failing to derive maximum economic benefits from sesame production due to poor productivity. Low productivity has been attributed to several factors including challenges of weed control due to absence of registered herbicides for use in sesame in Zimbabwe. Laboratory enzyme assays were conducted using different sorghum aqueous leaf and stem extract concentrations at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% wv−1 to determine the effect of sorghum aqueous extracts on plant defense enzymes polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in sesame and selected weeds. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effect of sorgaab or sorgaab-Agil postemergence sprays on the seedling growth and physiology of sesame and weeds. The exposure of sesame, black jack, and goose grass to sorghum aqueous extracts caused a significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent increase on the activity of antioxidant enzymes PAL, POD, and POD. Similarly, postemergence sprays of sole sorgaab, herbicide, and sorgaab-herbicide combination significantly (p<0.05) increased sesame and black jack seedling growth, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence but not of goose grass. From this study, it could be concluded that the allelochemicals in sorghum aqueous extracts were not effective at inhibiting the growth and physiological processes of sesame and the weeds. Therefore, resource-poor farmers cannot rely on sorgaab to control weeds in sesame but there is a need to integrate weed control options to form an effective integrated weed management program.

Quackgrass suppression through crop rotation in conservation tillage systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Node Density ◽  
Elytrigia Repens

Quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski] is a widespread perennial weed traditionally controlled by tillage, a practice which can contribute to soil erosion and degradation. This study was initiated to determine the impact of integrated weed management strategies utilizing crop rotation, conservation tillage, and postemergence herbicides on quackgrass. Rotations of tall and semi-dwarf winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Norstar' and 'Norwin') or spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Katepwa' and 'HY320') with mustard (Brassica juncea 'Common Brown') and flax (Linum usitatissimum L. 'Norlin') were conducted at Indian Head, Saskatchewan for 4 yr to determine their effect on quackgrass shoot density, rhizome dry weight and rhizome node density. The presence or absence of winter wheat within the crop rotation had the greatest impact on quackgrass growth. During years when drought hampered winter wheat establishment, quackgrass growth was greater in winter wheat than in spring wheat, but under conditions favoring winter wheat establishment, the opposite occurred. Quackgrass growth in standard height wheat was similar to semi-dwarf wheat. Annual differences in quackgrass growth occurred between mustard and flax, but overall, no trend developed. Shoot density, rhizome biomass, and rhizome node density were not consistently correlated to crop yield. Crop rotation is a useful component of an integrated quackgrass management system. Key words: Integrated weed management (IWM), quackgrass, Elytrigia repens, crop rotation, conservation tillage

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