Mineralogy and Maximum Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity in Soybean Development

The low natural fertility of tropical soils and the mineralogy almost dominated by iron and aluminum oxides limit the availability of phosphorus (P) to the plants, causing negative impacts on soybean yield. Objective was to evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on soils with different maximum phosphorus adsorption capacities (PAC) in soybean development. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, using Red-yellow Latosol (RYL) and a Typic Hapludalf (TH) soil as substrate. The analyses were performed by a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with three replications. The treatments consisted of 5 doses of P applied, corresponding to 0, 1, 6, 12, and 24% of PAC of each soil. In the soil, the mineralogy of the clay fraction (hematite, goethite, gibbsite and kaolinite) and crystallographic attributes were characterized. In the plant, we evaluated growth and pod production. The PAC of the soils ranged from 220 to 650 mg dm-3 with higher value in the RYL associated to clayey oxidic mineralogy and texture in relation to the TH of kaolinite origin and sandy texture, where the higher energy of adsorption observed was to TH. Phosphorus application from 16 to 21% of PAC, independently of the soil, promotes the same pattern of response with improvements in soybean development evidenced by increases in P content in plant tissue, plant height, root volume and aerial dry mass.

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Phosphorus fertilization and growth of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliares L.) cultivars

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n1p34-38 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

Vanderlise Giongo ◽

Alessandra M. Salviano ◽

Betina R. C. dos Santos ◽

Emylly F. Leal

Keyword(s):

Critical Level ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Critical Levels ◽

Buffel Grass ◽

P Accumulation ◽

P Content ◽

Phosphorus Requirement ◽

Set Up

Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the growth of root system as well as the tillering grass, being fundamental to increase the productivity of these species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of buffel grass cultivars and establish critical values of P in plant and soil. The experimental set up was a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (four Cenchrus ciliaris cvs.: Biloela, Aridus, CPATSA 7754 and Pusa Giant, and five doses of P2O5 - 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) with four replications. After 90 days of cultivation, dry mass of shoot (DMS) and root (DMR) production and the P accumulation (Pacc) were determined. Soil samples to determine the P content and determination of the critical level (CriLev) were also collected. The cv. Biloela presented lower DMR and DMS production compared to the other cultivars. The cultivares Biloela, Pusa Giant and Aridus showed different critical levels of P in soil and plant, obtained in the greenhouse showing that they have different requirement of this nutrient for their growth. The cultivar CPATSA 7754 showed higher phosphorus requirement and did not permit to establish critical levels with doses used in the present study.

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Decomposed babassu biomass residue enhances the initial development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.03.p2904 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 409-415

Author(s):

Hosana Aguiar Freitas de Andrade ◽

Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva- Matos ◽

Nitalo André Farias Machado ◽

Analya Roberta Fernandes Oliveira ◽

Valdryckson Costa Garreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Early Response ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Natural Fertility ◽

Family Farming ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Response Capacity

Cassava is a tuber of significant cultural and economic importance for family farming. However, cultivation in the northeastern region of Brazil is characterized by low productivity, resulting from cultivation in naturally marginal soil, which can cause food insecurity to farmers in the region. The objective was to evaluate the initial development of cassava using substrates derived from decomposed residue from babassu biomass, as a supplement to the soils with low natural fertility. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the municipality of Chapadinha, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The treatments consisted of six inclusion levels of babassu biomass (BB) in the substrates: S0, 100% soil; S20, 20% BB + 80% soil; S40, 40% BB + 60% soil; S60, 60% BB + 40% soil; S80, 80% BB + 20% soil; and S100, 100% BB. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The soil used in the experiment is classified as dystrophic Yellow Oxisol. At the end of the experiment, the following were evaluated: percentage of cuttings survival, leaf area, shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, root volume, aerial part dry mass and root dry mass. With the exception of the sprout diameter, the inclusion of BB in the substrates provided a significant positive effect for all analyzed variables, which demonstrates the early response capacity of cassava seedlings to the use of organic waste associated with the soil low fertility. The use of babassu biomass as an organic fertilizer improves soil fertility, stimulating the growth and development of cassava seedlings in a sustainable production system

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Growth, water consumption and mineral composition of watercress under hydroponic system with brackish water

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620180103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 13-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Raquele M Lira ◽

Ênio FF Silva ◽

Gerônimo F Silva ◽

Hammady R Soares ◽

Lilia G Willadino

Keyword(s):

Water Consumption ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Underground Water ◽

Water Volume ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Local Water ◽

Semi Arid Region

ABSTRACT The underground water reserves in the semi-arid region present high salinity levels. However, the scarcity of the resource compels the use of this water for several human activities, including agriculture. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of brackish water for watercress cultivation (Nasturtium officinale) in a hydroponic NFT system (laminar flow of nutrients) and effects on water consumption, growth, yield and nutrient extraction by the plant. We studied six levels of salinity (0.2; 1.2; 2.2; 3.2; 4.2 and 5.2 dS m-1), in a completely randomized experimental design, with four replicates. Salinity was obtained by the addition of NaCl into the local water supply, being these waters used to prepare the nutrient solution and to replace the evapotranspirated water volume. We noticed a reduction in leaf area, fresh and dry mass of shoot, K content in plant and water consumption of the crop and, increased contents of P, Na, Cl in the plants, with increasing salinity of the solution. The use of brackish water for watercress cultivation in hydroponics is possible as an alternative for producers who have availability of brackish water and restricted possibility of fresh water. A reduction in dry mass of plants was observed with increasing electrical conductivity.

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Response of spring wheat to NPK and S fertilization. The content and uptake of macronutrients and the value of ionic ratios

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2018-0116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1059-1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hanna Klikocka ◽

Marek Marks ◽

Bożena Barczak ◽

Bogdan Szostak ◽

Anna Podleśna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Positive Response ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

P Content ◽

Mass Ratios ◽

S Application ◽

S Fertilizers

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilizers on the content and uptake of macronutrients by grain dry mass (DM) of spring wheat. A field experiment was conducted in southeastern Poland on Cambisols (WRB 2007), in conditions of low S content in the soil. The experiment included 2 factors: fertilization with N (0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha-1) and with S (0, 50 kg ha-1).The experiment showed a positive response of spring wheat to N and S fertilization. The highest grain yield was found after application of 80 kg N ha-1 and addition of 50 kg S ha-1 (5.43 t ha-1). The described combination resulted in beneficial content of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) (P –4.267, K–4.533, Mg–1.567, Ca–0.433 g kg-1) and uptake of macroelements by grain dry mass (DM) (P–20.48, K–21.79, Mg–7.52, Ca–2.08 kg ha-1). A generally positive correlation was found between content and uptake of macronutrients with exception of P content. Fertilization with N caused significantly narrowed mass ratios of K+: Ca2+, K+: Mg2+ and mass and mole ratio of K+:(Ca2++Mg2+) and increased mass ratio of Ca:P. While S application narrowed significantly, mass ratios of K+:Ca2+ and K+: (Ca2+ + Mg2+) and increased mass ratio of Ca:P.

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Testing the improved Integral Suspension Pressure method ISP+ with the PARIO™ device

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10906 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wolfgang Durner ◽

Alina Miller ◽

Madita Gisecke ◽

Sascha C. Iden

Keyword(s):

Inverse Problem ◽

Error Propagation ◽

Clay Fraction ◽

Clay Content ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Protocol ◽

Geophysical Research ◽

Soil Suspension ◽

Independent Measurement ◽

Pressure Method

The integral suspension pressure method (ISP) uses pressure measurements in a soil suspension to derive the particle size distribution (PSD) in the silt range in high resolution. The sedimentation process is mathematically simulated and the simulated suspension pressure at a fixed depth in the sedimentation cylinder is fitted to an observed time series. The PSD is determined by numerically solving the inverse problem. The methodology is implemented in a commercial apparatus named PARIO that is produced by METER AG, Munich.Practical experiments with PARIO indicated that the accuracy of the method to determine the clay fraction was not as high as expected from theory, which may partly be caused by the error propagation from the independently determined sand fractions. Durner and Iden (2019) thus proposed an extension of the experimental protocol called ISP+, which makes the inverse problem better-posed and allows shorter experimental time. After a sedimentation time of few hours, a part of the suspension is drained laterally from the sedimentation cylinder through an outlet, collected and oven-dried. The resulting dry mass of the soil particles is integrated into the objective function of the inverse problem. This markedly reduces the uncertainty of the identified PSD towards the finest particles. We present experimental results from PARIO measurements evaluated by the ISP+ method and illustrate the new experimental design and the improvement of accuracy for the clay fraction.Reference: Durner, W., & Iden, S. C. (2019, January). ISP+: improving the Integral Suspension Pressure method by an independent measurement of clay content. In Geophysical Research Abstracts (Vol. 21).

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CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE BIOESTIMULANTES CONTENDO MICRORGANISMOS RIZOSFÉRICOS NA ABSORÇÃO DE FÓSFORO PELO MILHO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms.v15i3.664 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 572

Author(s):

RAFAEL UMBELINO BENTO ◽

ADILSON PÉLA ◽

MATHEUS DE ARAÚJO RIBEIRO ◽

JOÃO ANTÔNIO GONÇALVES E SILVA ◽

SIHELIO JULIO SILVA CRUZ

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Phosphate Fertilizers ◽

Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽

Phosphorus Absorption ◽

P Content ◽

Potential Use ◽

Ear Number ◽

Corn Grains

RESUMO - Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial uso de microrganismos rizosféricos em funçãode diferentes doses de fosfato aplicadas na adubação de semeadura da cultura do milho no campo experimental daUniversidade Estadual de Goiás / Campus Ipameri. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados,em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 com quatro repetições. Foram dez tratamentos, sendo cinco doses de P2O5 na adubaçãode semeadura (0, 20, 40, 80 e 160 kg de P2O5 ha-1) e dois tratamentos constituídos pela presença ou pela ausência daaplicação do biofertilizante (BACSOL® + ORGASOL®), contendo estirpes de bactérias e fungos rizosféricos. Porocasião da colheita, foram realizadas as avaliações de matéria seca de planta, de matéria seca de espiga, de número defileiras de grãos por espiga, de massa de 100 grãos, de teores de P na planta e nos grãos. Ocorreu efeito de doses emfunção da inoculação. Os benefícios da inoculação com microrganismos promotores de crescimento na massa secada parte aérea, nos teores de P na planta e nos grãos do milho se manifestaram principalmente em condições de baixadisponibilidade, ou seja, nas menores doses de fósforo.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, adubação fosfatada, disponibilização de formas inorgânicas de fosfato, Cerrado.MICRO P-SOLUBILIZING CONTRIBUTION IN PHOSPHORUS ABSORPTION BY MAIZEABSTRACT – This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of rhizosphere microorganisms due to different dosesof phosphate fertilizer applied at sowing of corn in the experimental field of the Universidade Estadual de Goiás/UnitIpameri. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 5x2 factorial scheme with four replications. The total often treatments comprised five levels of P2O5 at sowing fertilization (0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 kg P2O5 ha-1) in the presenceor absence of the application of biofertilizers (BACSOL® + ORGASOL®) containing strains of rhizosphere bacteriaand fungi. Plant dry matter ear, number of kernel rows per ear, weight of 100 grains, P content in plant and grainswere evaluated at harvest. Effect of doses depending on the inoculation was observed. The benefits of inoculation withgrowth-promoting microorganisms in the dry mass of the aerial part, the P content in plant and corn grains occurredmainly in low availability conditions, ie in the lower phosphorus levels.Keywords: Zea mays, phosphate fertilizers, availability of inorganic forms of phosphates, Cerrado.

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Fertilizing Containerized Atlantic White Cedar Seedlings

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-23.2.97 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 97-100

Author(s):

Scott A. Derby ◽

L. Eric Hinesley

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Application Rate ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

First Year ◽

White Cedar ◽

Chamaecyparis Thyoides ◽

Atlantic White Cedar ◽

P Content ◽

Foliar Nutrient ◽

Foliar Nutrient Concentrations

Abstract Containerized Atlantic white cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.] seedlings were fertilized with five rates (0.0, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, and 9.6 kg/m3) (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 lb/yd3) of controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) [Osmocote 15N–4.0P–10.0K (15N–9P2O5–12K2O), 12–14 month southern formulation, with micros; and Polyon 18N–2.6P–10.0K (18N–6P2O5–12K2O), 9-month formulation, with micros]. Height, stem diameter, dry mass, and foliar nutrient concentrations were evaluated after 16 weeks. Growth was affected by fertilizer source and application rate, with no interaction. In general, the response to increasing fertilization was quadratic. Osmocote yielded larger plants than Polyon, probably owing to its higher P content. Osmocote (4.8 to 7.2 kg/m3) (8 to 12 lb/yd3) or Polyon (7.2 kg/m3) (12 lb/yd3) is suggested for container-grown seedlings the first year.

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Contrasting Responses of Amur maackia and Black Locust to Culture in Hoagland Solution

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.788f ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 788F-789

Author(s):

Anthony S. Aiello ◽

William R. Graves

Keyword(s):

Black Locust ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Ion Content ◽

Hoagland Solution ◽

Maackia Amurensis ◽

P Content ◽

Leaf P

Hydroponic culture of tree seedlings is commonly used to study root biology; however, we have found that species differ in their responses to this practice. Responses of 2-week-old seedlings of Amur maackia (Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) to 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100% Hoagland solution #1 were determined over 5 weeks. Dry mass of black locust increased with increasing solution concentration up to 50%. For Amur maackia, dry mass was highest in 5% solution, and dry mass declined by ≈50% in 50% solution. Purpling, chlorosis, and necrosis occurred on leaves of Amur maackia in solutions ≥10%, and symptom severity increased with solution strength. Amur maackia leaf ion content increased dramatically with increasing solution strength; for instance, leaf P content increased 688% as solution strength increased from 5% to 50%. No symptoms occurred on Amur maackia grown in a soil-based medium and irrigated with 50% solution. These data indicate that black locust can be grown hydroponically using standard methods. However, growth of Amur maackia is inhibited at high solution concentrations, suggesting a sensitivity to the availability of ions, and perhaps an enhanced ability to sequester ions from its media.

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Crescimento e desenvolvimento de Hemerocallis fulva submetidos a doses de nitrogênio e fósforo

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.14295/oh.v21i3.738 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 351

Author(s):

Francimar Perez Matheus da Silva ◽

Graziane Maria Giacon ◽

Jackeline Schultz Soares ◽

Yara Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa ◽

Derek Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Plant Root ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Coverage Area ◽

P Content ◽

Plant Root System

The objective was to evaluate the effect of different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and development of Hemerocallis fulva variety Flore Full, herbaceous perennial widely used in landscaping. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 25 treatments, arranged in a factorial 5 x 5 (0; 75; 150; 225 and 300 kg ha-1 N and 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1 P), with 4 replicates. The phosphorus fertilization was carried out 15 days after planting (DAP) and nitrogen was applied in coverage divided in three equal applications at 15, 120 and 240 DAP. There were evaluated the plant height, number of tillers per plant, soil coverage area, the fresh mass of plant, root system and shoot; and the dry mass of plant, root system and aerial part, and calculated the ratio of root dry mass and plant dry mass. It was also obtained the nutrient content of the leaf tissue and root system. The highest tillering was gained with the use of 150 kg ha-1 N combined with 400 kg ha-1 of P. Intermediate doses of N (75-170 kg ha-1 of N) showed higher production of plant fresh and dry mass and root dry mass. Doses of N and P influenced the N and P content in plant tissues of roots and leaves of Hemerocallis. Plants fertilized with 300 kg ha-1 of N and 273 kg ha -1 of P lead to the highest levels of N in the leaves and doses of 80 kg ha-1 of N and 68 kg ha-1 P, the highest content of P in the leaves of H. fulva. Already, in the roots, the highest N content was obtained with application of 300 kg ha-1 N in the presence of P and doses of 225 kg N ha-1 combined with 300 ha-1 P provided the highest P content in the roots.

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SELETIVIDADE DE MISTURAS DE HERBICIDAS E INSETICIDAS EM TANQUE APLICADAS EM HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n2p287-302 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

CLEBER DANIEL DE GOES MACIEL ◽

ANDRÉ AUGUSTO PAZINATO DA SILVA ◽

ENELISE OSCO HELVIG ◽

ANTÔNIO MENDES DE OLIVEIRA NETO ◽

NAIARA GUERRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Development Stage ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Chemical Groups ◽

Chlorpyrifos Ethyl

RESUMO - A associação de herbicidas e inseticidas é uma prática comum entre os agricultores, entretanto, muitas vezes pode provocar injúrias à cultura do milho. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas em mistura em tanque com inseticidas de diferentes grupos químicos, no crescimento inicial de hibridos de milho. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos separadamente em estufa plástica com dois híbridos de milho (30F35 e 2B-710), utilizando como unidades experimentais vasos com duas plantas nos estádios fenológicos V3 e V6. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados 31 tratamentos, representados pela aplicação de seis herbicidas (atrazine, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron, mesotrione, carfentrazone e 2,4-D, nas doses de 2000; 37,5; 36+2,4; 144; 10 e 1000 g ha-1, respectivamente) isolados e em mistura com quatro inseticidas (permethrin, methomyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl e novarulon, nas doses de 26,9; 64,5; 240 e 15 g ha-1, respectivamente) e uma testemunha sem aplicação. Avaliou-se a intoxicação das plantas aos 7 e 14 dias após a aplicação (DAA), o teor de clorofila das folhas, número médio de folhas por planta, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes aos 14 DAA. Os resultados foram variáveis em função do híbrido e estádio fenológico na aplicação, sendo as misturas menos prejudiciais ao milho quando aplicadas em V3. Os tratamentos com atrazine foram os que menos afetaram o crescimento inicial dos híbridos. As misturas nicosulfuron + chlorpyrifos ethyl, mesotrione + chlorpyrifos ethyl e 2,4-D + chlorpyrifos ethyl foram as que mais prejudicaram o híbrido 30F35. Por outro lado, a mistura carfentrazone + chlorpyrifos ethyl foi a que mais afetou o crescimento inicial do híbrido 2B-710.Palavras-chave: fitointoxicação, antagonismo, estádio de desenvolvimento, Zea mays. SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES AND INSECTICIDES TANK MIXTURES APPLIED IN MAIZE HYBRIDS ABSTRACT - The association of herbicides and insecticides despite often cause damage to the corn crop is a common practice among farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the initial selectivity of herbicides in tank mixture with insecticides from different chemical groups in maize. Two experiments were carried out in plastic greenhouse, using as experimental units pots with two maize hybrids (30F35 and 2B-710) in V3 and V6 phenological stages. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with five replications. Thirty-one treatments were represented by applying six herbicides (atrazine, nicosulfuron, foramsulfuron+iodosulfuron, mesotrione, carfentrazone and 2.4- D) isolated and in combination with the four insecticides (permethrin, methomyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl and novarulon) and a check without application. The phytointoxication was evaluated at 7 and 14 days after application (DAA), the chlorophyll content in leaves, total number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part and roots at 14 DAA. The results were dependent of hybrid and corn stage in the application, and mixtures were less harmful when applied in V3 stage. The treatments with atrazine affected less the initial growth of the two hybrids. The mixtures of nicosulfuron+chlorpyrifos ethyl, mesotrione+chlorpyrifos ethyl and 2.4-D + chlorpyrifos ethyl were the most prejudicial to the hybrid 30F35. In addition, the carfentrazone + chlorpyrifos ethyl mixture was the most harmful to the initial growth of the hybrid 2B-710.Keywords: phytointoxication, antagonism, development stage, Zea mays.

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