scholarly journals Control of Invasive Plants by the Phytotoxicity Effect of Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Mateus L. O. Freitas ◽  
Letycia L. Letycia L. Ricardo ◽  
Patrícia da C. Zonetti ◽  
Terciliana F. F. de Carvalho ◽  
Ricardo Andreola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Production Flow ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Owing to an increasing demand for food, a constant agricultural production flow must be maintained. Further, for doing so, the use of pesticides is necessary. An alternative that results in less damage to the ecosystem and people themselves may be identified by studies on the allelopathic effect of weeds. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic action of hexane, dichloromethane, butanol, and ethyl acetate fractions of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) on the initial growth of morning glory (Ipomoea grandifolia [Dammer] O’Donell) and slim amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus L.), which was verified by the percentage of germination, speed of germination, seedling length, and fresh and dry biomass weight. The experiments were conducted in an incubation chamber at 25 °C for 7 and 14 days for morning glory and slim amaranth, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replicates in Petri dishes. The data were evaluated by analysis of variance, and the averages between each treatment were compared using the Scott Knott test at a 5% significance level. The results indicated that the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions decreased the initial growth of morning glory and slim amaranth more, when compared with the effects of hexane and butanol.

PERÍODO ANTERIOR À INTERFERÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM SORGO GRANÍFERO E FORRAGEIRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
GUILHERME MATOS MARTINS DINIZ ◽  
RENATA OLIVEIRA BATISTA ◽  
IRAN DIAS BORGES ◽  
HELLEN MARTINS SILVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

RESUMO – Plantas daninhas promovem perdas na produtividade do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) devido à competição por luz, nutrientes e água por influencia alelopática, justificando o estudo da competição e interferência na cultura. O objetivo com este trabalho foi determinar o período anterior a interferência em variedades de sorgo pela comunidade de plantas daninhas. A unidade experimental consistiu de que quatro linhas, sendo as duas linhas centrais a área útil de cada parcela. Os tratamentos foram compostos de duas cultivares de sorgo (BR 304 granífero e BRS 610 forrageiro) e sete épocas de início da supressão de plantas daninhas (0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 e 48 dias após a emergência) com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as características: altura da planta, número de plantas por hectare, pesos verde e seco por hectare. Conclui-se que o sorgo granífero BR304 possui um período de convivência com plantas daninhas de até 8 dias após a emergência, enquanto na cultivar de sorgo forrageiro BRS 610 esse período deverá ser de até 16 dias após a emergência.Palavras-chave: Competição, cultivares, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.ABSTRACT - Weeds promote losses in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain production due to competition for light, nutrients and water and also due to the allelopathic effect, which justify the study of the competition and weed interference in this crop. The objective of this study was to determine the period that precedes the interference of the weed community on sorghum varieties. The experimental unit consisted of four lines, being the two central lines of each plot. The treatments consisted of two sorghum cultivars (BR 304 grain and BRS 610 forage) and seven times for the beginning of weed suppression (0, 8, 16, 24, 31, 40 and 48 days after emergence), with four replications. Plant height, number of plants per hectare and fresh and dry weight per hectare were assessed. The results showed that the grain sorghum BR 304 has a period of coexistence with weeds up to 8 days after emergence, and for the forage sorghum BRS 610 the period is up to 16 days after emergence.Keywords: Competition, cultivars, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

scholarly journals Effects of sorghum (sorghum bicolor L.) root exudates on the cell cycle of the bean plant (phaseolus vulgaris L.) root

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Gattás Hallak ◽  
Lisete Chamma Davide ◽  
Itamar Ferreira Souza
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Acetic Acid Extraction ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Two experiments were conducted to test the allelopathic effect of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) root exudates on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cell division. Research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Wistock Agricultural Research Institute of Minas Gerais State (EPAMIG) and in a laboratory of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). Sorghum variety BR-601 and bean variety Carioca MG were used. The exudate, called sorgoleone (SGL), was obtained by methylene chloride and acetic acid extraction from sorghum roots seven days after sowing on Petri dishes, and refrigerated until use. Solutions of 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mM were prepared using Johanson solution as the SGL solvent. Seven-day-old bean seedlings grown in vermiculite in a greenhouse were transplanted to the solution. Seven days after transplantation, the beans did not show any sign of phytotoxicity; however, cytogenetic observations showed that SGL reduced the number of cells in prophase, metaphase, and anaphase stages. Colchicine effects were observed among cells in metaphase on the third and fifth days after treatments and varied with SGL concentrations. By the seventh day, the colchicine effects were inversely proportional to concentration, which varied from 34.3% for 0.01 mM to 6.6% for 0.15 mM. SGL acts as a mitotic inhibitor. It probably depolymerizes the microtubular proteins and induces the formation of colchicine metaphases causing polyploid nuclei. A largest period of SGL treatment also induced chromosome breaks and bridge formation in anaphase and telophase. Although SGL cannot be used as a herbicide for bean cultures, its allelochemical effects on other cultures are the factors that will define the use of sorghum as a natural herbicide.

PERÍODO ANTERIOR À INTERFERÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM SORGO GRANÍFERO E FORRAGEIRO

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
GUILHERME MATOS MARTINS DINIZ ◽  
RENATA OLIVEIRA BATISTA ◽  
IRAN DIAS BORGES ◽  
HELLEN MARTINS SILVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

RESUMO – Plantas daninhas promovem perdas na produtividade do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) devido à competição por luz, nutrientes e água por influencia alelopática, justificando o estudo da competição e interferência na cultura. O objetivo com este trabalho foi determinar o período anterior a interferência em variedades de sorgo pela comunidade de plantas daninhas. A unidade experimental consistiu de que quatro linhas, sendo as duas linhas centrais a área útil de cada parcela. Os tratamentos foram compostos de duas cultivares de sorgo (BR 304 granífero e BRS 610 forrageiro) e sete épocas de início da supressão de plantas daninhas (0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 e 48 dias após a emergência) com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as características: altura da planta, número de plantas por hectare, pesos verde e seco por hectare. Conclui-se que o sorgo granífero BR304 possui um período de convivência com plantas daninhas de até 8 dias após a emergência, enquanto na cultivar de sorgo forrageiro BRS 610 esse período deverá ser de até 16 dias após a emergência.Palavras-chave: Competição, cultivares, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.ABSTRACT - Weeds promote losses in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain production due to competition for light, nutrients and water and also due to the allelopathic effect, which justify the study of the competition and weed interference in this crop. The objective of this study was to determine the period that precedes the interference of the weed community on sorghum varieties. The experimental unit consisted of four lines, being the two central lines of each plot. The treatments consisted of two sorghum cultivars (BR 304 grain and BRS 610 forage) and seven times for the beginning of weed suppression (0, 8, 16, 24, 31, 40 and 48 days after emergence), with four replications. Plant height, number of plants per hectare and fresh and dry weight per hectare were assessed. The results showed that the grain sorghum BR 304 has a period of coexistence with weeds up to 8 days after emergence, and for the forage sorghum BRS 610 the period is up to 16 days after emergence.Keywords: Competition, cultivars, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Sorghum bicolor at Different Phenological Stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. ZUCARELI ◽  
E.M.P. COELHO ◽  
W.V. FERNANDES ◽  
E.M. PERES ◽  
J. STRACIERI
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Bioindicator Species ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the allelopathic potential of the aqueous extract of the shoot of Sorghum bicolor at different phenological stages on seed germination and initial growth of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) seedlings, which is considered a bioindicator species. The experiment was carried out at five development stages of S. bicolor (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 days after emergence), which was used as aqueous extract at six concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) applied in four replications per treatment in 10 or 50 kale seeds per plot. The percentage of germination, germination rate index, root growth, shoot length, and dry matter of kale seedlings were analyzed in the presence of this extract on different days of collection and concentrations. The aqueous extract of S. bicolor presented an allelopathic effect on germination and initial growth of kale seeds, with a higher inhibitory effect when more concentrated extracts from pre-flowering plants were used, which corresponds to 60 days after emergence. Thus, this stage should be recommended in the use of S. bicolor straw to help in controlling weeds.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of (Sorghum bicolor L.) on Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Growth Characters

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Y. Babiker ◽  
Elnasri M. Mutwali
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Growth Characters

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of sorghum residue on germination and some growth characters of radish. The experiment comprised of four treatments where the soil was incorporated with sorghum residue powder at 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5%( w/w) for treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, the control was free of sorghum residue. Results indicated that an increase was observed at low concentration of sorghum residue in germination, growth characters, but a decrease was detected in chlorophyll content and some elements (Na,Ca, K, P, ) content in radish incorporated with sorghum residue.

Consórcio palma-sorgo sob lâminas de irrigação: balanço de água no solo e coeficientes da cultura

Agrometeoros ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Pereira Alves ◽  
Thieres George Freire Silva ◽  
Hygor Kristoph Muniz Nunes Alves ◽  
Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim ◽  
Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Objetivou-se neste estudo quantificar a evapotranspiração real (ETr) e máxima da cultura (ETc) e os coeficientes da cultura (Kc) do consórcio palma-sorgo. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Serra Talhada, PE. O delineamento usado foi em blocos ao acaso, envolvendo cinco lâminas de irrigação (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência - ETo), sob sistema de cultivo consorciado palma-sorgo. O clone de palma forrageira utilizado foi a Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.) e o cultivar de sorgo, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a SF 15. O sorgo foi conduzido durante dois ciclos (planta e rebrota) compreendidos em um ciclo anual da palma. A quantificação da ETr e da ETc foi realizada através do resíduo do balanço de água no solo (BAS) a cada 14 dias, com a mensuração dos componentes hidrodinâmicos. As determinações da ETc e do Kc foram realizadas com base na lâmina de 75% da ETo. Os componentes do BAS foram submetidos à análise de regressão, sendo testados modelos polinomiais. Com exceção da variação do armazenamento de água no solo, os demais componentes hidrodinâmicos do solo cultivado sob sistema consorciado palma-sorgo respondem linearmente ao aumento de lâminas de irrigação. A evapotranspiração média diária do consórcio palma-sorgo é igual a 3,0 mm dia-1, independentemente da lâmina de irrigação. Os coeficientes do consórcio palma-sorgo são iguais a 0,40, 0,68, 0,90 e 0,52 durante as fases I, II, III e IV de emissão de cladódios.

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