scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Sorghum bicolor at Different Phenological Stages

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. ZUCARELI ◽  
E.M.P. COELHO ◽  
W.V. FERNANDES ◽  
E.M. PERES ◽  
J. STRACIERI

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the allelopathic potential of the aqueous extract of the shoot of Sorghum bicolor at different phenological stages on seed germination and initial growth of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) seedlings, which is considered a bioindicator species. The experiment was carried out at five development stages of S. bicolor (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 days after emergence), which was used as aqueous extract at six concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) applied in four replications per treatment in 10 or 50 kale seeds per plot. The percentage of germination, germination rate index, root growth, shoot length, and dry matter of kale seedlings were analyzed in the presence of this extract on different days of collection and concentrations. The aqueous extract of S. bicolor presented an allelopathic effect on germination and initial growth of kale seeds, with a higher inhibitory effect when more concentrated extracts from pre-flowering plants were used, which corresponds to 60 days after emergence. Thus, this stage should be recommended in the use of S. bicolor straw to help in controlling weeds.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntaha Tul Sidra ◽  
SAYEDA SARAH MUBARAK ◽  
FATIMA KHAN SHERWANI ◽  
NAZMA AZEEM

Abstract Aims To evaluate the allelopathic effect of Papaver somniferum against the 3 varieties of Zea mays seeds cv. Azam, Pahari and Iqbal. Methods Aqueous extracts were made by soaking the powder of dried leaves of Papaver somniferum. For the aqueous extract treatment, the extract was soaked in distilled water for 24 and 48 hours separately. For mulching treatment, the seeds were sowed in soil and sprinkled powder of leaves. For litter, the petri dishes were grounded with randomly cut pieces of filter paper wetted with extract. For hot water treatment the water was boiled for 5 minutes. The powder was then mixed in boil water. Results Azam got effected in 24h extract in aqueous extract treatment while Pahari in 48h treatment. In mulching all the three varieties got inhibited by extract. Azam showed resistance toward the inhibitory effect of extract in litter experiments. Iqbal was affected in hot water extract. Conclusion It is concluded that the extracts obtained from Papaver somniferum showed inhibitory effects on all the three varieties except few exceptions of maize. The plumule and radical growth got affected the most.


Author(s):  
Márcio Cavalli ◽  
Michele Da Silva Santos ◽  
Mara Karinne Lopes Veriato Barros ◽  
Helder Morais Mendes Barros ◽  
Karina Xavier Leite Barosi

<p class="Default"><span>A pecuária brasileira é sustentada em pastagens, pela sua praticidade e economia. Entre as espécies anuais de inverno mais utilizadas para pastejo na Região Sul do Brasil estão à aveia preta e o </span><span>a</span><span>zevém, isolados ou em misturas, em função da facilidade na aquisição de sementes e em relação ao ciclo de produção das espécies. Entre as espécies de verão o Capim-Sudão vem se destacando, usado como alternativa para diminuir as dificuldades encontradas em obter forragem na época seca do ano, por facilidade de cultivo, rusticidade, tolerância à seca, rapidez no estabelecimento e crescimento, e facilidade de manejo sob corte e ou pelo pastejo direto. O presente estudo objetivou-se verificar o potencial alelopático do extrato aquoso em diferentes concentrações da aveia preta e azevém sobre a germinação e crescimento inicial do capim-Sudão. O experimento foi realizado na safra 2013/14, na Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), campus de São José do Cedro, Santa Catarina, em estufa. Para o delineamento estatístico foi utilizado o método DBC (delineamento em blocos casualizados) fatorial, com três tratamentos e cinco doses com quatro repetições. Pela porcentagem de germinação, comprimento de plantas e comprimento de raízes comparadas nas dosagens do extrato aquoso houve efeito alelopático na germinação do Capim-Sudão. E pelos índices de massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e radicular, e também visto no índice de velocidade de germinação que a partir das doses de 50% da solução aquosa dos extratos da </span><span>aveia e a</span><span>zevém e da mistura </span><span>a</span><span>veia + </span><span>a</span><span>zevém que ocorreu efeito alelopático sobre a germinação do Capim-Sudão.</span></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Allelopathic potential of the aqueous extract of black oats and ryegrass in the germination and initial growth of the sudan grass</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The Brazilian livestock farming is sustained in pastures, due to its practicality and economy. Among the annual winter species most used for grazing in southern Brazil are black oats and ryegrass, isolated or in mixtures, due to the ease of seed acquisition and the production cycle of the species. Among the summer species, Sudan grass has been used as an alternative to reduce the difficulties encountered in obtaining fodder in the dry season of the year, for ease of cultivation, rusticity, drought tolerance, fast establishment and growth, and ease of cultivation. Handling under cut and / or by direct grazing. The objective of the present study was to verify the allelopathic potential of the aqueous extract in different concentrations of black oats and ryegrass on the germination and initial growth of the Sudan grass. The experiment was carried out in the 2013/14 harvest, at the University of the West of Santa Catarina (UNOESC), in the São José do Cedro campus, in the greenhouse. For the statistical design, the DBC (randomized complete block design) method was used, with three treatments and five doses with four replicates. By the percentage of germination, plant length and root length compared in the dosages of the aqueous extract, there was an allelopathic effect on the germination of the Sudan Grass. And by the fresh and dry mass index of the shoot and root, and also seen in the rate of germination that from the doses of 50% of the aqueous solution of the extracts of oats and ryegrass and the oat + ryegrass mixture that occurred allelopathic effect On the germination of Sudan Grass.</p><p class="Default"><span><br /></span></p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Gabriela Hoffmann ◽  
Mayra Luiza Schelter ◽  
Diogo Luiz Fruet ◽  
José Cristimiano Dos Santos Neto ◽  
Cleber Daniel De Goes Maciel ◽  
...  

Weedy rice belongs to the same species as grown rice, and because it has similar morphophysiological characteristics, its control is difficult, bringing negative effects to the crop. Thus, the work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of the main paddy rice cultivars sowing in Santa Catarina on weedy rice. In the laboratory, with treatments organized in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, the aqueous extract of four paddy rice cultivars (SCSBRS Tio Taka, SCS 116 Satoru, SCS 121 CL and SCS 122 Miura) was evaluated in five concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). In a greenhouse, with treatments in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, the straw allelopathy capacity of the same rice cultivars in two quantities (0.0 and 3.0 t ha-1) was evaluated to suppress germination and weedy rice initial growth. All experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design. In the first assay, the aqueous extract of the paddy rice cultivars used in the state of Santa Catarina did not have an allelopathic effect on weedy rice. In the second assay, it was found that the presence of rice straw reduced the density of weedy rice plants. However, the presence of straw on the soil favored the initial growth of the weed, significantly increasing the plant height, number of leaves per plant and shoot dry biomass.


2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane R. Silva ◽  
Diana C. Lazarotto ◽  
Joséli Schwambach ◽  
Gerhard E. Overbeck ◽  
Geraldo L. G. Soares

Under Eucalyptus plantations in the South Brazilian grassland region, few plants establish, and allelopathy may be involved in shaping this pattern. We aimed to assess the phytotoxicity of essential oil and aqueous extract of Eucalyptus saligna Sm. leaf litter on grassland species. We tested the effects of E. saligna pure oil and extract on germination, seedling growth, H2O2 levels and electrolyte leakage of seedling membranes of Paspalum notatum Flüggé, Eragrostis plana Ness (Poaceae), Trifolium repens L. and Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae). Essential oil and aqueous extract of E. saligna affected all recipient species, even at the lowest amounts/concentrations, inhibiting germination and initial growth, and also increasing H2O2 levels and electrolyte leakage of seedling membranes. Essential oil consisted mainly of monoterpenes and presented α-pinene and 1,8-cineole as the major compounds. The extract contained phenolics, and lower levels of these compounds in the extract were associated with decreased phytotoxicity. We conclude that E. saligna contains phytotoxic compounds in leaf litter that generate oxidative stress and lead to membrane damage, affecting seeds and seedling growth. In addition, we relate E. saligna phytotoxicity to monoterpenes that may be released from leaf litter by volatilisation, and phenolics that may be leached by rainfall. Our study indicates that E. saligna has allelopathic potential on the tested grassland species.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Nadi Awwad Al Harbi

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potentials for utilization of Artemisia herba-alba and Anthemis arvensis shoot aqueous extract at different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) to suppress the germination and growth of Panicum turgidum and Portulaca oleracea (weeds of crop fields) in Petri dish experiment. Results indicated that the degree of inhibition on seed germination and growth of the recipient species was largely dependent on the concentration of A. herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract. The aqueous extract of A.herba-alba showed the highest allelopathic effect on the germination of the seeds of P. turgidum, (10%,10% and 0%) while the effect of A. arvensis shoot aqueous extract was greater on the germination of the seeds P. oleracea (40%,0% and 0%). Percentage germination of the two selected crop species Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare also de-creased as the A.herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract concentra-tion increased from 1% to 5% (90%,80% and 70%),(40%,40% and 20%). But the inhibition percentage was largely less than that of weed species. The results also showed that H.vulgare was more sensitive than T. aestivum and responds more strongly to the increase of concentration of A. herba-alba shoot aqueous extract . Results also showed that the radicle length of almost all tested species was more sensitive to allelochemicals from A.herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract than plumule length. Therefore, A. herba-alba and A. arvensis shoot aqueous extract may offer promises for their usefulness as a tool for weed management.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Martins Da Silva ◽  
José Jailson Lima Bezerra ◽  
Ana Paula Do Nascimento Prata ◽  
Renan Cantalice De Souza ◽  
Cynthiane Lins de Albuquerque Paulino ◽  
...  

The allelopathic potential of some plant species has been scientifically proven over the years. The use of such natural compounds with phytotoxic activity is an alternative to synthetic herbicides. Thus, this research aims to analyze the phytochemical profile and the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. The allelopathic potential was evaluated by germination bioassays using seeds from two receptor species (Lactuca sativa L. and Emilia fosbergii Nicolson) and seven concentrations of aqueous extracts of F. miliacea aerial and underground parts in triplicate. The variables evaluated were germination (G) and germination speed index (GSI). The data obtained were submitted to F test and the averages to regression analysis. In addition, phytochemical analyses were performed to analyze possible allelochemicals present in aqueous extracts of F. miliacea through phytochemical screening and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aqueous extracts of aerial and underground parts of F. miliacea inhibit the germination of E. fosbergii seeds at all concentrations analyzed (0.94, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30%). However, the same extracts do not show any effects when evaluated in L. sativa seeds. The aqueous extract of F. miliacea shows important chemical constituents (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, luteolin, apigenin, acacetin, and alkaloids) that can be directly related to the allelopathic effects observed in E. fosbergii seeds.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel Kant Sharma* ◽  
Daizy R. Batish ◽  
Harminder Pal Singh ◽  
R. K. Kohli

Allelopathic effect of Pinus roxburghii was studied on Bidens pilosa through laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The aqueous extracts of green needles, needle litter and bark were found to inhibit germination and initial growth of B. pilosa in laboratory bioassays. The inhibitory effect on germination root length, shoot length and biomass was also observed on amendment of powdered needle litter in soil in greenhouse pots. The inhibitory effect increased with increase in conc. of extracts or amount of litter amended. The amended soil was found to be rich in phenolics, the known potent allelochemics. The study indicates that such interactions may also be operational in forests of P. roxburghii.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. NISHIMUTA ◽  
A.A.B. ROSSI ◽  
O.M. YAMASHITA ◽  
G.F. PENA ◽  
P.H.A.D. SANTOS ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: The Brazilian native weed assa-peixe (Vernonanthura brasiliana) is considered one of the main invasive plant species of pasture areas in the Amazon. It is thus necessary to know their biology and their behavior in the environment, and to enhance the development of management strategies, minimizing the use of herbicides. The objective of this study was to test the allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of the bioindicator species Lactuca sativa from leaf and root extracts obtained from fresh and dry V. brasiliana. The experiment consisted of six treatments with concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg mL-1, using four replicates per treatment. The evaluated parameters were: germination percentage, first count, germination speed index, and shoot and root length. The aqueous extract of fresh V. brasiliana roots caused an allelopathic effect on all evaluated parameters, while the dry root extract only affected the germination speed index. Root growth inhibition and growth stimulation of lettuce seedlings were verified when submitted to dry and fresh root extracts. Extracts of V. brasiliana caused an allelopathic effect on the species Lactuca sativa L., where the aqueous extracts of dry leaves and fresh roots were the most influential.


2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Jankowska ◽  
Grażyna A. Ciepiela ◽  
Jacek Sosnowski ◽  
Roman Kolczarek ◽  
Kazimierz Jankowski

The common dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H. Wigg) is a perennial plant often found in large concentrations in the sward of natural meadows. This species expands quickly, displacing other species. In literature there is a lack of data relating to the effect of common dandelion on plants growing in its vicinity. It is also not known why this species creates large clusters. Perhaps it competes with different plants through the allelopathic effect. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of water extracts from leaves and roots of common dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i>) as well as soil extracts from the root layer of this species on seed germination and the initial growth of <i>Lolium westerwoldicum</i> R.Br. The investigated material comprised leaves and roots of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>. The germination biotest most often used in experiments was applied. The seeds germination energy of westerwolds ryegrass was most inhibited by plant extracts prepared from roots and leaves of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>. The germination ability of seeds of <i>Lolium westerwoldicum</i> was the highest in the treatments in which soil extracts were applied; however, the value of this feature was limited to a larger extent by the plant extracts from leaves of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> than from roots. Higher concentrations of both soil and plant solutions had an inhibitory effect both on root growth and the growth of the leaf sheath and leaves of westerwolds ryegrass. The results of the tested parameters can confirm the allelopathic effect of <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> on germination and initial growth of <i>Lolium westerwoldicum</i>, and especially that of extracts prepared from leaves.


2012 ◽  
Vol 455-456 ◽  
pp. 490-495
Author(s):  
Le Yuan Li ◽  
Bei Zhen Xie ◽  
Wen Ting Fu ◽  
Wen Ting He ◽  
Hong Liu

. Rice and wheat are the traditional food for Chinese people, as well as the main crop candidates for space bioregenerative life support systems. Recycling of inedible parts of rice and wheat is an important issue concerning the system. In order to determine whether the mixed-substrate of rice and wheat’s inedible parts is suitable for plant cultivation, soil-like substrate made from rice and wheat was tested in an aqueous extract germination experiment. The effects of different concentrations of aqueous extract on seed vigor, seedling growth and development situations and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat, lettuce and pumpkin were studied, and the presence and degrees of allelopathic effects were analyzed. The test results show that this type of soil-like substrate can exert different degrees of allelopathic effect on wheat and lettuce; this allelopathic effect is related to the concentration of soil-like substrate aqueous extract. With the increase of extract concentration, the seed germination, root length and shoot fresh weight of wheat decreased; and every concentration of aqueous extract showed significant inhibition on the root length and root fresh weight of lettuce. However, this type of soil-like substrate showed few effect on the growth of pumpkin seedlings. Content changes of chlorophyll and endogenous hormones in wheat and lettuce seedlings, and the chemical compositions of soil-like substrate were measured. Besides, the mechanism of allelopathic effect was analyzed.


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