scholarly journals Dry Matter and Macronutrient Accumulation in Digitaria insularis Biotypes Susceptible and Resistant to Glyphosate

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Anne Elise Cesarin ◽  
Pedro Figueiredo Rocha Barbosa Martins ◽  
Arthur Arrobas Martins Barroso ◽  
Willians César Carrega ◽  
Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Inflection Points

Herbicide resistant is associated with morphological, physiological and metabolic alterations in weeds. These alterations may reflect changes in the nutritional status of resistant plants and their growth it can be inferred in greater adaptability and competitive ability of the resistant biotypes. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the dry matter and macronutrient accumulation and distribution by glyphosate-resistant and susceptible plants of Digitaria insularis (sourgrass), growing under mineral nutrition standard conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, with eleven treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of evaluation periods at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 and 165 days after emergence (DAE). The average time for maximum theoretical accumulation (PtMax) and for inflection points of dry mass and macronutrient were lower for susceptible (133 DAE; 99 DAE) than for resistant biotype (141 DAE; 105 DAE). However, considering the average time obtained by susceptible, dry mass (g) and macronutrients (mg) accumulation was always higher for resistant biotype. The decreasing sequence of nutrient accumulation was similar for both sourgrass biotypes: K, N, Ca, Mg, P and S.

scholarly journals Development of experimental structure and influence of high CO2 concentration in maize cro

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
João B. Lopes da Silva ◽  
Paulo A. Ferreira ◽  
Eduardo G. Pereira ◽  
Luís C. Costa ◽  
Glauco V. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
C4 Plant ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
High Co2 Concentration ◽  
Experimental Structure

Maize is a C4 plant that shows few or no response to high [CO2]. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the photosynthetic rate and yield of maize under high [CO2] and develop open-top chambers (OTC) to create an atmosphere enriched with CO2. The experiment was conducted between October 2008 and March 2009. The OTCs were developed in modular scheme. Measurement of photosynthetic rates, transpiration, stomata conductance, grain yield and dry matter were performed. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications and three treatments: P1 - plants grown in OTC with 700 ppm [CO2], P2 - plants grown in OTC with environmental [CO2], and P3 - control, cultivated in open field. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (Pr< 0.05). The chambers can reduce by 25% the photosynthetically active radiation and increase the air and leaf temperatures. Plants under high [CO2] (P1) showed the highest photosynthetic rates and the lowest stomata conductance and transpiration. The total weight of grains (g) and dry mass of shoots (g) showed no increases for P1, despite their higher photosynthetic rates.

scholarly journals Growth and mineral nutrition of Solanum americanum

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bianco ◽  
L.B. Carvalho ◽  
M.S. Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Greenhouse Trial ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Solanum Americanum ◽  
Experimental Stage

A greenhouse trial was carried out from November 1995 to April 1996 at FCAV/UNESP, Brazil, aiming to study the dry matter production and the accumulation and distribution of macronutrients in Solanum americanum, an important weed for annual and perennial crops in Brazil. The plants were grown in seven liter pots with sand substrate, irrigated daily with Hoagland & Arnon nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments corresponded to evaluation times at 14 day intervals, beginning 21 days after emergence (DAE). In each evaluation, the plants of four pots were analyzed for dry matter production and macronutrient content. S. americanum had a small dry matter and macronutrient accumulation at the beginning of the experimental stage, increasing after 77 DAE and reaching the maximum theoretical value at 142, 142, 164, 149, 140, 149 and 152 DAE, for dry matter, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. K and N were the most accumulated macronutrients for S. americanum plants.

scholarly journals Competitive Interaction Between Sweet Sorghum with Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GALON ◽  
C.O. SANTIN ◽  
A. ANDRES ◽  
F.J.M. BASSO ◽  
F. NONEMACHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Competitive Interaction ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Interspecies Competition ◽  
Intraspecies Competition

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to determine the competitive interaction of sweet sorghum cultivars BRS 506, BRS509, and BRS 511 with biotypes of Alexandergrass and wild poinsettia. The adopted experimental design was the randomized block one, with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a substitution series by proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100%, corresponding to 20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 plant per pot of sweet sorghum (cultivars BRS 506, BRS 509 and BRS 511) withweeds (Alexander grass/wild poinsettia). The leaf area (LA) and dry matter (DM) of sweet sorghum, Alexandergrass and wild poinsettia plants were determined 50 days after emergence. Data about competitive abilities were analysed through the graphical analysis method, constructing diagrams based on yield or relative and total variations. Indices of relative competitiveness, clustering coefficient and aggressiveness were also determined; all of them were relative indices. There was competition for the same environmental resources between sweet sorghum cultivars and weeds, with mutual injury to the species involved in the community. Wild poinsettia and Alexandergrass negatively modified the LA and DM of the crop, demonstrating a greater competitive ability for the resources that are available in the environment. Wild poinsettia was less competitive than sweet sorghum cultivars, while Alexandergrass showed higher competitive ability than them. The highest losses for the LA and DM variables were observed when species were in interspecies competition rather than intraspecies competition.

scholarly journals Development of Plants in Combination of Products Associated with the Inoculation in the Soybeans Seeds Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Everton Vinicius Zambiazzi ◽  
Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽  
Frederico Dellano Souza Silva ◽  
Eric Vinicius Vieira Silva ◽  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Shoot Mass

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of products applied through seed treatment, associated with the inoculation, in the development of soybean plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with four repetitions in a factorial 4 × 11, being four soybean cultivars and 11 combinations of products associated with the inoculation in the treatment of seeds. At the stage (R1) it was evaluated: plant height, leaf area, foliar chlorophyll content, number of trifoliate leaves, dry shoot mass, dry root mass, root length, root volume, nodules total number, viable nodules total number, nodules dry mass and foliar nitrogen content. The combination of products in the treatment of seeds, do not present phytotoxic effects in the characters related to the development, except for dry matter of aerial part and root volume. The combination of products in treatment of seeds influences negatively the nodulation, especially in the treatments with presence of nematicide. The inoculation performed in isolation or combined with fungicide and insecticide (I+FI) maintains nodule levels.

scholarly journals CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER IN THE GROWTH OF Dalbergia nigra SEEDLINGS

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Aline Ramalho dos Santos ◽  
Elzimar De Oliveira Gonçalves ◽  
Elbya Leão Gibson ◽  
Emanuel França Araújo ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Winckler Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Dalbergia Nigra

For the realization of forest restoration projects, it is essential to produce native seedlings in quantity, also necessary that they present greater vegetative vigor and good nutritional status. In this context, the objective of this work was to analyze the growth and nutrition of phosphorus of Dalbergia nigra seedlings from two sources cultivated with doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in a factorial scheme 2 x 4, referring to lots of two seed sources of D. nigra (Viçosa, MG and Linhares, ES) and four doses of CRF (0, 2, 4 and 8 kg m-3), with four replications and 126 seedlings per plot. At 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, the seedlings were collected to measure the variables related to growth and nutrition. D. nigra seedlings from Linhares (ES) show better growth and dry matter production. It is recommended to dose 7.46 kg m-3 of controlled-release fertilizer for seedlings from Linhares (ES) and the dose 5.99 kg m-3 for those coming from Viçosa (MG), aiming to maximize the growth of production of seedlings of D. nigra. Increasing doses of controlled-release fertilizer allow greater accumulation of P in shoot shoots of D. nigra.

scholarly journals Growth, nutrient accumulation and export by heliconia ‘Red Opal’

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi ◽  
Ana Cecilia Ribeiro de Castro ◽  
Tiago Freitas Silva ◽  
Elane Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Thaís Da Silva Martins
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Plant Sampling ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mass Accumulation

Synchronizing the timing of fertilizer applications with plant nutrient demand increases the nutritional efficiency and decrease the cost of production. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and the nutrient uptake and export by heliconia ‘Red Opal’. The experiment was carried out in a shade house and Heliconia psittacorum ‘Red Opal’ rhizomes were planted in soil classified as Arenic Kandinstults. The experimental design was completely randomized with nine plant sampling (zero; 30; 90; 150; 210; 270; 330; 390 and 450 days after planting) and five replicates. Leaves, sheathing leaf bases, flower stem, rhizomes and roots were collected every sampling and dry mass and nutrients accumulation were determined. Heliconia plants showed slow initial development but from the 210 days of planting, which corresponds with the beginning of the flower stem harvest there is a marked increase in dry mass accumulation. Nutrient accumulation followed the decreasing order: K > N = Ca > P = Mg > S > Fe = Mn > Zn > Cu = B. Potassium and calcium were the most exported macronutrients by heliconia flower stem and among the micronutrients, manganese was the most exported.

scholarly journals Nutrient omission effect on growth and nutritional status of assai palm seedlings1

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Reis Ribeiro Araújo ◽  
◽  
Ismael de Jesus Matos Viégas ◽  
Raimundo Lázaro Moraes da Cunha ◽  
Werica Larissa Farias de Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cu And Zn

ABSTRACT The Amazonian assai palm has a great socioeconomic importance, but most of its commercial plantations take place in uplands and low natural fertility soils, what may hinder its development. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of nutrient omission on growth and nutritional status of assai palm seedlings (Ver-o-Peso cultivar). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 14 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments consisted of complete fertilization with liming; no fertilization and no liming (control); complete fertilization with individual omission of N, P, K, Ca, Ca with no liming, Mg, Mg with no liming, S, B, Cu and Zn. Plant height, stem diameter and dry mass, leaf and total shoot dry mass, and leaf nutrients content and accumulation were evaluated. The initial growth of the assai palm plants was limited by the omission of P, N, K, Ca, Mg and Cu. The production of leaf dry mass was decreasingly affected by the omission of P > Cu > N > K > Mg, while leaf area was limited by the individual omissions of Ca > N > P > K > Mg > Zn. Plant development, measured by relative growth of shoots, was affected by lack of Ca > P > N > Mg > Cu > K, with an average reduction of 31 %. The nutrients most needed by the assai palm plants, as evidenced by nutrients contents and accumulation in the leaf dry mass, are: N > K > S > Ca > Mg > P > Mn > Zn > B > Cu.

scholarly journals Growth and mineral nutrition Of Ipomoea quamoclit

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Carvalho ◽  
S. Bianco ◽  
R.A. Pitelli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Experimental Stage

A greenhouse experiment was carried out from November 2006 to April 2007 at FCAV/UNESP, Brazil, aiming to study the dry mass production and the accumulation and distribution of macronutrients in Ipomoea quamoclit, an important weed for annual and perennial crops in Brazil. The plants were grown in seven liter pots with sand substrate, daily irrigated with Hoagland & Arnon nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments corresponded to evaluation times at 14 day intervals, beginning 21 days after emergence (DAE). In each evaluation, the plants of four pots were analyzed in function of dry mass production and macronutrient content. I. quamoclit had a small dry mass and macronutrient accumulation at the beginning of the experimental stage, increasing after 77 DAE and reaching the maximum theoretical value at 146, 143, 140, 149, 142, 153, and 124 DAE, for dry mass, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. K and N were the macronutrients most accumulated by I. quamoclit plants.

scholarly journals Accumulation of nutrients and agronomic performance of grafted seedless watermelon

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joice Simone dos Santos ◽  
Rita de Cássia Souza Dias ◽  
Leílson Costa Grangeiro ◽  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Magnus Dall'Igna Deon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients

ABSTRACT Chemical fertilizing is one of the main inputs that increase watermelon production costs. Watermelon grafting with compatible rootstocks and a vigorous root system may increase the efficiency of nutrients absorption. This study aimed at determining the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients, as well as the agronomic performance of grafted watermelon. The triploid 'Precious Petite' watermelon was used as graft and the Line BGCIA941 (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) as rootstock. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, in a split-plot, with six replicates. The 'Precious Petite' grafted onto Line BGCIA941, ungrafted 'Precious Petite' and ungrafted Line BGCIA941 were evaluated in the plot, while the subplot corresponded to the sampling time (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days after transplanting). 'Precious Petite' grafted onto Line BGCIA 941 accumulated more macro and micronutrients than the ungrafted plants, increasing fruit yield, flesh firmness and rind thickness, but it did not affect the soluble solids contents. The decreasing order for nutrient accumulation in the grafted plants was N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S > Fe > Mn > Zn > B > Cu, whereas for ungrafted 'Precious Petite' it corresponded to N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S > Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu.

scholarly journals Substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de flamboyant e ipê-mirim

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Marília Dutra Massad ◽  
Tiago Reis Dutra ◽  
Tiago Barbosa Santos ◽  
Rafaela Letícia Ramires Cardoso ◽  
Mateus Felipe Quintino Sarmento
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Height Gain

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso de bagaço de cana, casca de urucum e serragem, em diferentes proporções, na composição de substratos alternativos, constituídos a partir da mistura do substrato comercial Rohrbacher®, para a produção de mudas de flamboyant e ipê-mirim. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, no esquema fatorial (5 x 2), sendo avaliados cinco tipos de substratos e duas espécies. Os substratos avaliados foram: 100% Rohrbacher®; 70% Rohrbacher® + 30% Bagaço de cana; 70% Rohrbacher® + 30% Casca de urucum; 70% Rohrbacher® + 30% Serragem; 50% Rohrbacher® + 16,67% Bagaço de cana + 16,67% Casca de urucum + 16,67% Serragem. Foram avaliados: altura da parte aérea; diâmetro de coleto; massa seca da parte aérea; massa seca da raiz e massa seca total, além das relações H/DC, H/MSPA, MSPA/MSR e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. Os substratos Rohrbacher®, 70%R+30%CA e 70%R+30%UR promoveram maior ganho em altura nas mudas de flamboyant e ipê-mirim. O substrato Rohrbacher® proporcionou às mudas maior produção de MSR. O flamboyant apresentou valores superiores para H, DC, MSPA, MSR, MST MSPA/MSR e IQD, conferindo um padrão de qualidade de mudas superior ao ipê-mirim.Alternative substrates in the production of seedlings of flamboyant and ipe-mirimAbstract: The study aimed to assess the effect of using sugarcane bagasse, bark and sawdust annatto, in different proportions, the composition of alternative substrates, made from a mixture of commercial substrate Rohrbacher®, to produce flamboyant and seedlings ipe-mirim. The experimental design of randomized blocks was adopted with three replications, in a factorial scheme (5 x 2), being evaluated five types of substrates and two species. The substrates were evaluated: 100% Rohrbacher®; Rohrbacher® 70% + 30% Sugar cane bagasse; Rohrbacher® 70% + 30% annatto bark; Rohrbacher® 70% + 30% sawdust; 50% Rohrbacher® + 16.67% Sugar cane bagasse + 16.67% annatto Bark + 16.67% sawdust. They were assessed: shoot height; diameter collect; dry mass of shoots; dry mass of roots and total dry matter, beyond relations H / DC, H / SDM, SDM / RDM and Quality Index of Dickson. The Rohrbacher® substrates, 70% R + 30% CA and 70% R + 30% RH promoted greater height gain in seedlings flamboyant and ipe-mirim. The Rohrbacher® substrate provided the seedlings higher production of MSR. The flamboyant showed higher values for H, DC, SDM, RDM, TDM, SDM / SDM and QID, giving a quality standard of superior seedlings to ipe-mirim. 

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