scholarly journals Phytosociological Survey of Weeds in Coffee Plants Irrigated Under Different Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Simônica Maria De Oliveira ◽  
Abner José De Carvalho ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
Polyanna Mara De Oliveira ◽  
João Victor Santos Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Irrigation Systems

The objective was to identify the species and quantify the importance value index of weeds in the cultivation of arabica coffee in two irrigation systems, at different times of the year, in the northern region of Minas Gerais. A phytosociological survey was carried out in each season of the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in an area cultivated with the species Coffea arabica, subjected to two irrigation systems (sprinkling and dripping). The coffee crop was implanted at a spacing of 3.5 m between rows and 0.7 meters between plants. The collection of weeds was performed using the standard method of the square inventory, which was launched between the lines of the crop. The identification of the species was carried out, the number of individuals was quantified, the dry mass, frequency, density, abundance, importance value index and coverage, and the similarity index. 33 weed species were identified, being the species with the highest IVI Euphorbia hirta, Brachiaria plantaginea, Digitaria horizontalis, Cyperus rotundus and Amaranthus spp. It was observed a higher occurrence of weeds from the monocot group in the sprinkler irrigation system while in the drip there were predominance of dicot plants.

scholarly journals WEED INCIDENCE AFTER SOYBEAN HARVEST IN NO-TILL AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE CROPROTATION SYSTEMS IN RORAIMA’S CERRADO

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.A. ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
T.S. SANTOS ◽  
T.S. CASTRO ◽  
V.F. MELO ◽  
P.R.R. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
No Till ◽  
Rotational Systems ◽  
Botanical Classification

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of weeds after soybean harvest in rotational systems of no-till and conventional tillage in the savannah of Roraima, Brazil. Two simultaneous experiments were conducted in adjacent areas, the first one with no-till soil management system and the second one with the conventional system, with crop rotations for five agricultural years: pearlmillet (2007/2008), soybean (2008/2009), maize (2009/2010), cowpea with maize (2010/2011), soybean (2011/2012) and maize (2012/2013). The used experimental design was the randomized block one with 28 plots, sized 3 x 15 m (45 m2) distributed in 4 blocks. In May 2010, the combined sowing of cowpea and maize was performed, and later, during the same month of 2011 soybean was sown. Thirty days after harvesting, weeds were collected. The botanical classification of species was performed by classes, families, scientific and popular names, as well as comparisons with specialized bibliographies. The evaluated phyto-sociological parameters were: relative frequency (FRR), relative density (DRR), dominance (Do), importance value index (IVI), Sorensen’s similarity index (SI), numbers of individuals (ha-1) and dry mass (%). Among the 37 species found in both planting systems, 60% belonged to the Liliopsida class; Fabaceae and Malvaceae stood out. However, Poaceae, belonging to the Magnoliopsida class, had the highest number of species in both systems. Most weed species were common in both systems.

scholarly journals Ervas daninha em pastagens: uma abordagem fitossociológica nas áreas do Ceará

Agrarian ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Josefa Maria Francieli da Silva ◽  
Hercules Gustavo Santos Sarmento ◽  
Hellen Thayse Nascimento Araújo ◽  
Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira ◽  
Lamartine Soares Cardoso de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
The One ◽  
Absolute Dominance ◽  
Nicandra Physalodes

The aim of this study was to study the phytosociology of weed species in areas of pasture cultivated with Brachiaria decumbens and Cynodon sp. (Tifton 85), in Ceará State, Brazil. The square inventory methodology was used in order to assess the weed community. Weed samples were quantified and classified by family, genus and species, using books and classification keys. The classification and quantification data of species allowed to calculate the following phytosociological variables: frequency (F), relative frequency (Fr), density (D), relative density (Dr), absolute dominance (DoA), relative dominance (DoR), importance value index (IVI), and similarity index (IS). The Amaranthaceae family was the one with the greatest intensity of species in both areas, represented mainly by Alternanthera tenera colla and Amaranthus viridis. In the area cultivated with B. decumbens, Cyperus rotundus presented higher results for frequency, density and abundance. In the Tifton 85 area, Nicandra physalodes presented higher values of density and abundance. The similarity of weed populations in pasture areas was 42.11%, with four species common to both areas.

scholarly journals Phytosociology in Degraded and Renewed Pastures in Agrosilvopastoral Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. DIAS ◽  
M.V. SANTOS ◽  
E.A. FERREIRA ◽  
T.G.S BRAZ ◽  
L.V. FIGUEIREDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Index ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Agrosilvopastoral Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sida Cordifolia

ABSTRACT: In pastures, the incidence of weeds reduces the productivity and quality of forage. The identification of the weed species in pastures is fundamental to choose the renewal method. Thus, the objective of this work was to perform phytosociology before and after the renewal of a Brachiaria decumbens pasture, with the implantation of agrosilvopastoral systems. Eighteen different crop arrangements for pasture renewal were evaluated. The renewal systems were by eucalyptus integration (at 12 x 2 m or 12 x 3 m spacings) with maize, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (palisade grass) and/or Macrotyloma axillare (perennial horsegram), or monoculture and intercropping of palisade grass and perennial horsegram, as well as the evaluation of the application or not of the herbicide bentazon, at the recommended dose for maize crops (0.72 kg ha-1). Relative frequency, relative density, relative abundance, relative dominance, coverage value index, importance value index, dry matter and similarity index were evaluated. In the first survey, before the pasture renewal, 23 plant species were identified. After the implantation of agrosilvopastoral systems, the species Sida cordifolia, Lantana camara and B. decumbens were the only occurring ones before and after the renewal of the pasture with agrosilvopastoral systems. The use of palisade grass and the application of the herbicide were efficient in controlling weeds. In systems that contained palisade grass and perennial horsegram, the latter was not found in the survey conducted one year after the implantation.

scholarly journals Phytosociological Survey of Sugarcane Crop Weeds in Different Agroecological Areas in Tucumán Province, Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. CABRERA ◽  
S. CHAILA ◽  
M.T. SOBRERO ◽  
A.E. VARELA
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Pampean Plain

ABSTRACT: Weeds constitute the main constraint on the productivity of sugarcane agroecosystems in Argentina. This work aimed to analyze the floristic and phytosociological composition of sugarcane weed communities in different agroecological areas in Tucumán. Fifteen plots from each area were sampled 60 to 90 days after crop shooting, by throwing a 0.5 m x 0.5 m quadrat metallic frame six times in random directions in each of the plots. Species found within the frame were identified. Later, fresh and dry biomass weight were calculated per quadrat sample and species. Frequency, density, dominance, importance value index, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson species diversity index and Jaccard similarity index were calculated. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) was used to interpret similarity. Overall, 35 species were identified, 24 of which were dicotyledons and 11 monocotyledons. Eighteen of them were annual species, versus 17 which were perennial. Considering IVI, the most outstanding families were Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae. The results obtained in all the areas revealed the importance of the species Panicum maximum, Sorghum halepense, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon and Euphorbia hyssopifolia. The areas with greater and less diversity were the Depressed Plain-Non-Saline Depressed Plain Subregion and the Subhumid-Humid Chaco-Pampean Plain, respectively. There was a 53% similarity between the Depressed Plain-Saline Depressed Plain and the Depressed Plain-Non-Saline Depressed Plain, and a 47% similarity between the Humid and Perhumid Foothills and the Subhumid-Humid Chaco-Pampean Plain. Hierarchical clustering and Jaccard index led to similar results.

scholarly journals DINÂMICA POPULACIONAL DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM ÁREAS COM SORGO SACARINO E GRANÍFERO COM DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS E DENSIDADES DE SEMEADURA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
TALITA CAMARGOS GOMES ◽  
DÉCIO KARAM
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Randomized Block Design

RESUMO: O conhecimento de uma comunidade infestante é necessário para se avaliar o nível de dano que esta pode causar na produtividade de qualquer cultura. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar levantamento fitossociológico exploratório de plantas daninhas em áreas com sorgo sacarino e granífero em função de densidades e espaçamentos de plantas de sorgo como forma de manejo cultural. O estudo foi conduzido em campo, com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos representados por duas cultivares de sorgo, BRS 506 e BR 330, semeadas em duas densidades (100.000, e 200.000 plantas ha-1) e dois espaçamentos (0,25 e 0,7 m) entre linhas. O levantamento das espécies infestantes foi realizado aos 56 dias após a emergência (DAE) do sorgo, pelo método do quadrado inventário. Observou-se que as diferenças em Índice de Valor de Importância para a mesma espécie daninha estão relacionadas à mudança na densidade e no espaçamento da cultura do sorgo.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, BRS 506, BR 330, fitossociologia, manejo cultural. POPULATION DYNAMICS OF WEED IN AREAS WITH SWEET SORGHUM AND GRAIN SORGHUM WITH DIFFERENT SPACINGS AND PLANTING DENSITIES  ABSTRACT – Knowing a weed community is important to estimate the level of damage that may cause to the productivity of any crop. Thus, the aim of the present study was to perform a phytosociological survey of weeds in areas with saccharine and grain sorghum considering the interaction between density and spacing of sorghum plants as a form of crop management. The study was conducted at field in a randomized block design with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme and three replications. Two sorghum cultivars (BRS 506 and BR 330) were seeded at two densities (100,000 and 200,000 plants ha-1) and two row spacings (0.25 and 0.7 m). The evaluation of the weed species was performed 56 days after emergence (DAE) of sorghum using the inventory square method. The dry mass of the weed species was determined. It was observed that the differences in the importance value index of the same weed species are related to changes in the density and spacing of sorghum.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, BRS 506, BR 330, phytosociology, crop management.

scholarly journals LEVANTAMENTO FITOSSOCIOLÓGICO DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM POMARES DE MANGUEIRA NO SEMIÁRIDO MINEIRO

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Flávio Henrique Silva de Sena ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
Natanael Pereira da Silva ◽  
Renato Mendes de Oliveira ◽  
Karen Marcelle de Jesus Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Sida Rhombifolia ◽  
Phytosociological Study

Objetivou-se identificar as principais espécies de plantas daninhas em cultivo de mangueira aos dois e oito anos após plantio. O estudo foi desenvolvido em áreas irrigados de manga ‘Palmer’ localizadas em Janaúba-MG. Para estudo fitossociológico das plantas daninhas foi utilizado o método quadrado inventário (0,25 m2). Após classificação e quantificação das espécies, foi calculado calcularam-se a frequência (F), frequência relativa (Fr), densidade (D), densidade relativa (Dr), abundância (A), abundância relativa (Ar), índice de valor de importância (IVI), índice de valor de importância relativa (IVIr) e índice de similaridade. Na área com cultivo de mangueira em produção, após oito anos do plantio, foram encontradas 17 espécies, 14 gêneros e oito famílias, sendo Sida rhombifolia a principal espécie com IVIr de 27,8%. Já na área com dois anos de plantio encontrou-se menos espécies com destaque para Paspalum urvillei com IVIr de 70,61%. O índice de similaridade entre as duas áreas foi de 18,18%. Portanto, conclui-se que nas condições locais do cultivo de mangueira de Janaúba-MG, P. urvillei e S. rhombifolia são as principais espécies encontradas em pomares após dois e oito anos após implantação, respectivamente, e além disso, estes apresentam diferentes espécies infestantes comprovado pelo valor do índice de similaridade.Palavras-chave: fitossociologia; plantas daninhas; Mangifera indica. WEED PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON MANGO ORCHARDS IN THE MINAS GERAIS SEMIARID ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify the main weed species in mango cultivation at two and eight years after planting. The study was developed in irrigated areas of 'Palmer' mango located in Janaúba-MG. For weed phytosociological study, the square inventory method (0.25 m2) was used. The frequency (F), relative frequency (Rf), density (D), relative density (Rd), abundance (A), relative abundance (Ra), value index of importance (VII), relative importance value index (RIVI) and similarity index were determined. In the area with mango cultivation in production, after eight years of planting, 17 species, 14 genera and eight families were found, being Sida rhombifolia the main species, with RIVI of 27.8%. In the area with two years of cultivation were found less species, with emphasis to Paspalum urvillei, with RIVI of 70.61%. The similarity index between the two areas was 18.18%. Therefore, it is concluded that in the local conditions of the cultivation of mango of Janaúba-MG, P. urvillei and S. rhombifolia are the main species found in orchards after two and eight years after implantation, respectively, and, in addition, both present different weed species, as proven by the low similarity index value.Keywords: phytosociology; weed; Mangifera indica.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PACOVAN ORGANIC BANANA IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN THE AÇU-RN VALLEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
JÚLIO JUSTINO DE ARAÚJO ◽  
VANDER MENDONÇA ◽  
MARIA FRANCISCA SOARES PEREIRA ◽  
MATHEUS DE FREITAS SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
The One ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Alternative Irrigation

ABSTRACT The banana tree is grown in an extensive tropical region throughout the world, usually by small producers. The present work had the objective of evaluating irrigation systems in banana production in the Açu-RN Valley, aiming at alternatives so that they can be recommended to farmers in the Açu Valley region. The experiment was carried out in the area of the School Farm of the IFRN Campus Ipanguaçu, located in the municipality of Ipanguaçu-RN. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with subdivided plots and eight replications. The irrigation systems were: irrigation, drip irrigation, micro sprinkler and alternative irrigation. The plots were composed of eight useful plants with spacing in double rows 4 x 2 x 2 m. Eight characteristics related to production were evaluated: bunch mass (MC); number of leaves (NP); number of fruits per cluster (NFC); mean mass of the leaves (MMP); diameter of the fruit of the second seed (DF2P); length of the fruit of the second seed (CF2P); mean fruit mass (MMF); productivity (Prod). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. In the first cycle of production the sprinkler irrigation system was the one that presented better results the productivity of the Pacovan banana tree; in the 3rd cycle the alternative irrigation system was the one that showed better results the productivity of the banana tree; where the electrical conductivity correlated with the sodium adsorption ratio in the irrigation water, contributed to a moderate limitation of use.

Diversity of Weeds and Population Dynamics of Predators and Prey Present in Wheat-Mustard Ecosystem at Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
S. Khanal ◽  
S. Adhikari ◽  
A. Bhattarai ◽  
S. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Given

A study was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa Rupandehi, agronomy field to study the diversity of weeds and population dynamics of predators and prey in wheat-mustard ecosystem. The study was conducted by quadrate sampling method using the wooden frame by selecting 40 sample spots, and locating its coordinates. Predator, prey, some of the beneficial and harmful insects as well as weed species was recorded in 5 days interval in the study. Relationships between the population of the mustard aphid and wheat aphid, lady bird beetle to maximum and minimum temperature were recorded in order to know the effect of temperature in relation to population density. Number of mustard aphid and its nymph has shown the positive significant relationship with the population of the spider in the wheat mustard ecosystem. Shannon Weiner Index value was calculated and the species richness was found to be 2.63 with the effective number of species value 9. The species evenness value was found to be 0.83 in the studied ecosystem which signifies that the given weed ecosystem is somewhat even. The importance value index (IVI) of the given ecosystem with the value of different weed species was calculated and it was found that the weed Anagalis arvensis was ranked as first with the IVI value of 57.98 following Vicia sativa and Chenopodium album. This signifies that the species Anagalis arvensis has greater control over the wheat mustard ecosystem of Paklihawa, Rupandehi.

scholarly journals Field study on weeds incidence in rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.).

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
MT Akhter ◽  
PB Kundu ◽  
NK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Infestation

A survey was conducted to highlight the weed flora infesting rapeseed in the experimental field of Rajshahi University. Frequency (F), density (D), abundance (A), relative frequency (RF), relative density (RD), relative abundance (RA) and importance value index (IVI %) of weeds were calculated in rapeseed field. The objective of the study was to study the weeds and their quantitative characters. Weed infestation was studied in three rapeseed varieties (BARI Sharisha 14, BINA Sharisha 5 and 6). The weed population was studied using quadrat. The species which had 100% frequency values were Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Ammania baccifera, Echinochloa crusgalli and Leucas lavendulifolia. Other species had 50% or less than 50% frequency values. The highest frequency, density, abundance and importance value index were exhibited by Cyperus rotundus. J. bio-sci. 26: 01-06, 2018

Performance of pea under different irrigation systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Ramana Rao ◽  
Suchi Gangwar ◽  
Arpna Bajpai ◽  
Ravish Keshri ◽  
Lavesh Chourasia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Micro Irrigation

The field experiment was conducted at Precision Farming Development Centre, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal on influence of different irrigation methods in three continuous years (2010-2013) on the performance pea crop. Conventional flood irrigation, micro sprinkler and drip irrigation systems were adopted as three treatments and with seven replications in each treatment in the study. Pea (Arkel variety) crop was sown at a spacing of 45 X 10 cm. During the period of experiment flood irrigation were applied on weekly basis and micro irrigation and drip irrigation systems were operated every third day to meet the crop water requirement. The total quantity of water applied in flood, drip irrigation and micro sprinkler systems were 387.5, 244.7 and 273.5 mm respectively. Maximum crop yield was observed under micro sprinkler system (98.60 q/ha) followed by drip and conventional irrigation system. Saving of water was found better under drip irrigation over micro sprinkler irrigation system.

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