scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Phylogenetic Relationship of Pakistani Snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. Momordica) by Using Microsatellite Markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Ghulam Rasool ◽  
Muhammad J. Jaskani ◽  
Amjad Ullakh ◽  
Rashid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Principle Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>Among the major cucurbit vegetables, <em>Cucumis melo </em>has one of the highest polymorphic fruit types and botanical varieties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among different genotypes of Snapmelon (<em>Cucumis melo</em> var. Momordica) collected from all the four provinces of Pakistan. In this study, 18 microsatellite markers were tested on Snapmelon germplasm which yielded valuable information about the genetic relationships among 40 Snapmelon accessions. The mean PIC value of the markers ranged from 0.3706 to 0.8247. For establishing data matrix, an auto radiogram was visually scored for the presence (1) or absence (0) of polymorphic bands. Assessments of genetic relationship among the genotypes were done by cluster analysis, using POPgen software. The genetic analysis through principle coordinate analysis (PCA) and dendrogram showed that the wild accessions were distinguished from all domesticated accessions collected from various regions of the country. Genetic differentiation among the populations using molecular data indicated the importance of the study area for species conservation, genetic erosion estimation, and exploitation in breeding programs.</p>

scholarly journals Microsatellite Markers Reveal Genetic Diversity and Relationships within a Melon Collection Mainly Comprising Asian Cultivated and Wild Germplasms

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbin Hu ◽  
Luyin Gao ◽  
Yanbin Xu ◽  
Qiong Li ◽  
Huayu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
F Statistics

Melon, Cucumis melo L., is an important horticultural crop with abundant morphological variability, but the genetic diversity and relationships within wild and cultivated melons remain unclear to date. In this study, thick-skinned (TC) (cultivated subspecies melo), thin-skinned (TN) (cultivated subspecies agrestis), and wild accessions were analyzed for genetic diversity and relationships using 36 microsatellite markers. A total of 314 alleles were detected with a mean allelic number of 8.72 and polymorphism information content of 0.67. Cluster analysis of the accessions resulted in four distinct clusters (I, II, III, and IV) broadly matching with the TC, TN, and wild groups. Cluster I contained only two Indian wild accessions. Cluster II was consisted of 49 South Asian accessions, 34 wild accessions, and 15 TN accessions. Cluster III was a typical TC group including 51 multiorigin TC accessions and one wild accession. The remaining 88 accessions, including 75 TN accessions, 6 wild accessions, and 7 TC accessions, formed the cluster IV, and all the TN and wild accessions in this cluster were from China. These findings were also confirmed by Principal component analysis and STRUCTURE analysis. The South Asian subspecies agrestis accessions, wild and cultivated, had close genetic relationships with a distinctive genetic background. Chinese wild melons showed closeness to cultivated subspecies agrestis landraces and could be a return from the indigenous cultivated melons. The AMOVA and pairwise F statistics (FST) presented genetic differentiation among the three groups, with the strongest differentiation (FST = 0.380) between TC and TN melons. These results offer overall information on genetic diversity and affiliations within a variety of melon germplasms and favor efficient organization and utilization of these resources for the current breeding purpose.

scholarly journals GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RESISTANCE TO ZUCCHINI YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS, WATERMELON MOSAIC VIRUS, PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS, AND POWDERY MILDEW IN MELON (CUCUMIS MELO)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 913G-914
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Anagnostou ◽  
Molly Kyle ◽  
Rafael Perl-Treves
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Relationship Of

We have studied the relationship of resistance to watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), and powdery mildew (PM) in melon (Cucumis melo). We have confirmed monogenic dominant inheritance of these four resistances and report that PI414723-4S3, which was initially selected as a source of ZYMR, is also a source of dominant monogenic resistance to PRSV. Further, we observed departure from independent assortment for resistance to WMV and ZYMV in a study of 73 (UC Top Mark × PI414723-4S3) F3 families (χ2 = 39.87 significant at both 0.01 and 0.05 levels), indicating linkage between Wmv and Zym. The map distance between these resistance genes calculated from the number of recombinant families (RF% = 9.58) was 10.5 cM. Compari-sons among WMV, PM, ZYMV-PM, PRSV-PM, ZYMV-PRSV, and WMV-PRSV of 48 (TM × PI414723-4S3) F3 families, which were screened with all four pathogens, showed no consistent cosegregation.

scholarly journals Diversity and Genetic Relationship of Free-Range Chickens from the Northeast Region of Brazil

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1857
Author(s):  
Débora Araújo de Carvalho ◽  
Amparo Martínez Martínez ◽  
Inês Carolino ◽  
Maria Claudene Barros ◽  
María Esperanza Camacho Vallejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
High Genetic Variability ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Relationship Of

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity within and among chicken breeds from the northeast region of Brazil (states of Bahia and Piauí) using microsatellite markers. In addition, we assessed the identity and genetic relationships of chickens from Europe, Africa, and South America, as well as their influence on the formation of the Brazilian breeds. A total of 25 microsatellite markers and a panel containing 886 samples from 20 breeds (including the Brazilian chickens) were used in this study. Different statistical parameters were used to estimate the genetic diversity and relationship among the genetic groups studied. Our study indicates that the Brazilian Creole chickens have high genetic variability. The results show that chickens reared in the states of Bahia and Piauí could have originated from different ancestors. The Brazilian breeds studied have an evolutionary relationship with chickens from Portugal, Nigeria, Chile, and Spain. Our results will contribute directly to the conservation and recognition of Brazilian Creole chicken breeds and provide a solid basis for the demonstration of their genetic identity and genetic conservation of American Creole chicken populations.

scholarly journals Molecular and Elemental Characterization of Selected Turkish Durum Wheat Varieties

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-439
Author(s):  
Erdogan E. HAKKI ◽  
Nurdan DOGRAR ◽  
Anamika PANDEY ◽  
Mohd. Kamran KHAN ◽  
Mehmet HAMURCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Principle Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Elemental Characterization ◽  
Selection Of

Combination of elemental and protein studies along with molecular data using microsatellite markers may lead to the better and realistic determination of relatedness between the varieties and their populations. In this study, the extent of diversity among five Turkish durum wheat cultivars and their populations has been assessed using seven microsatellite markers and the elemental analysis together with the differences in their protein content.In molecular analysis, total 23 alleles have been obtained among all the genotypes with middling of 4.6 per primer. On employing UPGMA Dendrogram, Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Winboot analyses, both inter and intra varietal polymorphic studies had shown similar clustering with minor differences. As a result of AMOVA performed, the extent of diversity was found to be higher among the genotypes (76%) in comparison to the variability within the genotypes (24%). In elemental analyses, ‘Selcuklu-97’ was found to be the most efficient variety with high content of several elements. Also, strong and positive correlation has been observed between magnesium- phosphorus, magnesium-sulphur and sulphur-sodium, while noteworthy negative correlation has been observed between sodium and zinc. The protein content of the genotypes was found in the range of 15.17-16.90%.The diversity revealed in durum genotypes can be employed in genetic expansion of the crop. These involved varieties may aid to avoid genetic attrition coming up from the landraces. The information provided can be utilized by breeders for appropriate selection of both, genetically and nutritionally efficient durum wheat varieties.

scholarly journals The Complete DNA Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of a “Living Fossil,” the Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae)

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Zardoya ◽  
Axel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
Latimeria Chalumnae ◽  
Relationship Of

The complete nucleotide sequence of the 16,407-bp mitochondrial genome of the coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) was determined. The coelacanth mitochondrial genome order is identical to the consensus vertebrate gene order which is also found in all ray-finned fishes, the lungfish, and most tetrapods. Base composition and codon usage also conform to typical vertebrate patterns. The entire mitochondrial genome was PCR-amplified with 24 sets of primers that are expected to amplify homologous regions in other related vertebrate species. Analyses of the control region of the coelacanth mitochondrial genome revealed the existence of four 22-bp tandem repeats close to its 3′ end. The phylogenetic analyses of a large data set combining genes coding for rRNAs, tRNA, and proteins (16,140 characters) confirmed the phylogenetic position of the coelacanth as a lobe-finned fish; it is more closely related to tetrapods than to ray-finned fishes. However, different phylogenetic methods applied to this largest available molecular data set were unable to resolve unambiguously the relationship of the coelacanth to the two other groups of extant lobe-finned fishes, the lungfishes and the tetrapods. Maximum parsimony favored a lungfish/coelacanth or a lungfish/tetrapod sistergroup relationship depending on which transversion:transition weighting is assumed. Neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood supported a lungfish/tetrapod sistergroup relationship.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in table grapes based on RAPD and microsatellite markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão ◽  
Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Pair Group

The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity of 47 table grape accessions, from the grapevine germplasm bank of Embrapa Semiárido, using 20 RAPD and seven microsatellite markers. Genetic distances between pairs of accessions were obtained based on Jaccard's similarity index for RAPD data and on the arithmetic complement of the weighted index for microsatellite data. The groups were formed according to the Tocher's cluster analysis and to the unweighted pair‑group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The microsatellite markers were more efficient than the RAPD ones in the identification of genetic relationships. Information on the genetic distance, based on molecular characteristics and coupled with the cultivar agronomic performance, allowed for the recommendation of parents for crossings, in order to obtain superior hybrids in segregating populations for the table grape breeding program of Embrapa Semiárido.

The Relationship of Political Party Affiliation to Wildlife Conservation Attitudes

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Czech ◽  
Rena Borkhataria
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Endangered Species Act ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Political Party Affiliation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Species conservation via the Endangered Species Act is highly politicized, yet few data have been gathered to illustrate the relationship of political party affiliation to species conservation perspectives. We conducted a nationwide public opinion survey and found that Democrats value species conservation more highly than do Republicans, and that Democrats are also more strongly supportive of the Endangered Species Act. Republicans place higher value on property rights than do Democrats, but members of both parties value economic growth as highly as wildlife conservation. The results imply that the Democratic propensity to value species conservation reflects a biocentric perspective that does not bode well for practical conservation efforts. Species conservation will depend upon the success of academicians and progressive political leaders in educating students and members of all parties about the fundamental conflict between economic growth and wildlife conservation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Structure and Diversity of Latvian Acer platanoides Populations Using Cross-Species Nuclear Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Dainis Edgars Ruņģis ◽  
Baiba Krivmane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

Abstract Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple) is the most widespread native maple species in Europe, with a distribution from south and central Europe to northern Europe and Scandinavia. Acer platanoides is widespread throughout the territory of Latvia, and is mainly found in mixed broadleaf and conifer stands. The genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations was analysed. Sampled populations were located throughout the territory of Latvia, and were selected to represent a range of ecological conditions, with differing levels of anthropogenic impact. A total of 496 individuals from 21 populations were analysed with eight microsatellite markers, which were developed from related Acer species. The obtained molecular data revealed a moderate level of polymorphism, and the analysed Latvian A. platanoides populations were moderately differentiated. This study provides an initial assessment of the genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian A. platanoides populations, and is also one of the first reports of the analysis of A. platanoides populations using microsatellite markers. The results can be utilised to define A. platanoides genetic resource stands to ensure conservation of a wide range of germplasm.

Generic Delimitations and Relationships of the Cape Genera Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, and Sonderina, the North African Genera Krubera and Stoibrax, and a New Monotypic Genus of the Subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Magee ◽  
Ben-Erik van Wyk ◽  
Patricia M. Tilney ◽  
Stephen R. Downie
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
North African ◽  
African Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Relationship Of

Generic circumscriptions and phylogenetic relationships of the Cape genera Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, and Sonderina are explored through parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses of nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 intron sequences, morphology, and combined molecular and morphological data. The relationship of these genera with the North African genera Krubera and Stoibrax is also assessed. Analyses of both molecular data sets place Capnophyllum, Dasispermum, Sonderina, and the only southern African species of Stoibrax (S. capense) within the newly recognized Lefebvrea clade of tribe Tordylieae. Capnophyllum is strongly supported as monophyletic and is distantly related to Krubera. The monotypic genus Dasispermum and Stoibrax capense are embedded within a paraphyletic Sonderina. This complex is distantly related to the North African species of Stoibrax in tribe Apieae, in which the type species, Stoibrax dichotomum, occurs. Consequently, Dasispermum is expanded to include both Sonderina and Stoibrax capense. New combinations are formalized for Dasispermum capense, D. hispidum, D. humile, and D. tenue. An undescribed species from the Tanqua Karoo in South Africa is also closely related to Capnophyllum and the Dasispermum–Sonderina complex. The genus Scaraboides is described herein to accommodate the new species, S. manningii. This monotypic genus shares the dorsally compressed fruit and involute marginal wings with Capnophyllum, but is easily distinguished by its erect branching habit, green leaves, scabrous umbels, and fruit with indistinct median and lateral ribs, additional solitary vittae in each marginal wing, and parallel, closely spaced commissural vittae. Despite the marked fruit similarities with Capnophyllum, analyses of DNA sequence data place Scaraboides closer to the Dasispermum–Sonderina complex, with which it shares the erect habit, green (nonglaucous) leaves, and scabrous umbels.

Captive management and the maintenance of genetic diversity in a vulnerable marsupial, the greater bilby

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Miller ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Keith Morris ◽  
Neil Thomas ◽  
Catherine A. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Genetic Impact ◽  
Captive Breeding Programs

The endemic Australian greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) is a vulnerable and iconic species. It has declined significantly due to habitat loss, as well as competition and predation from introduced species. Conservation measures include a National Recovery Plan that incorporates several captive breeding programs. Two of these programs were established within 12 months of one another (1997/98), with the same number and sex ratio of founding individuals, but executed different breeding strategies: (1) unmanipulated mating in semi–free range natural habitat versus (2) minimising mean kinship in large enclosures, with the supplementation of new individuals into both populations. This study evaluates the long-term genetic impact of these programs and examines the congruency between the pedigree studbook estimates of diversity and molecular data. Our data demonstrate that genetic diversity was maintained in both populations, with the supplementation of new individuals contributing to the gene pool. The studbook estimates of diversity and inbreeding are not consistent with the microsatellite data and should not solely be relied upon to evaluate the genetic health of captive populations. Our analyses suggest that captive breeding programs may not require costly and intensive management to effectively maintain long-term genetic diversity in a promiscuous species.

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