scholarly journals Effects of Classroom Activities on Affective State—A Comparison of Third and Fifth Graders

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fartoukh ◽  
Lucile Chanquoy
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
School Day

<p>We analysed the influence of classroom activities on children’s affective states. Children perform many different activities in the course of an ordinary school day, some of which may trigger changes in their affective state and thus in the availability of their cognitive resources and their degree of motivation. To observe the effects of two such activities (listening to a text and performing a dictation) on affective state, according to grade, we asked 39 third graders and 40 fifth graders to specify their affective state at several points in the day. Results showed that this state varied from one activity to another, and was also dependent on grade level. Third graders differed from fifth graders in the feelings elicited by the activities. The possible implications of these findings for the field of educational psychology and children’s academic performance are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Good and Poor Readers' Recall of Familiar and Unfamiliar Text

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Poor Readers ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Good And Poor Readers

This study investigated poor readers' use of prior knowledge in reading by comparing good and poor readers' recall of familiar and unfamiliar text. Thirty-one third graders and thirty-one fifth graders, reading on a third grade level, and twenty fifth graders, reading on a fifth grade level, read and orally recalled two third grade expository passages, one on a familiar topic and one on an unfamiliar topic, which were very similar in structure. Both fifth grade groups recalled more than the third graders on the familiar passage. The fifth grade good readers recalled more than the poor readers and third graders on the unfamiliar passage. All groups recalled more on the familiar than unfamiliar passage, but the poor readers' mean difference score between the two passages was greater than the other two groups' mean difference scores. These findings suggest that poor readers' comprehension, in particular, suffers when their use of prior knowledge is restricted, as when reading unfamiliar material. Also, it appears that poor readers can do an adequate job of comprehending if given familiar material to read on an appropriate level.

Children's Singing Accuracy as a Function of Grade Level, Gender, and Individual versus Unison Singing

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
Pitch Accuracy ◽  
Singing Accuracy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vocal Pitch

First through fifth graders' vocal pitch accuracy was examined as a Junction of grade level, gender, and the presence or absence of a unison accompanying voice. Subjects (N = 169) were tested individually, and taped responses were analyzed with Visi-Pitch technology. The vocal model was a tape-recorded child's voice singing a four-beat melodic pattern on the neutral syllable “loo.” For individual singing subjects echoed the model; for unison singing, subjects echoed the pattern simultaneously with the model. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between individual and unison accuracy. Fourth graders were significantly more accurate than third graders in both individual and unison conditions. Gender differences were not significant.

scholarly journals Towards estimating affective states in Virtual Reality based on behavioral data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Holzwarth ◽  
Johannes Schneider ◽  
Joshua Handali ◽  
Joy Gisler ◽  
Christian Hirt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
User Study ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Physical Demand ◽  
Perceived Performance ◽  
Sequential Administration ◽  
Better Than

AbstractInferring users’ perceptions of Virtual Environments (VEs) is essential for Virtual Reality (VR) research. Traditionally, this is achieved through assessing users’ affective states before and after being exposed to a VE, based on standardized, self-assessment questionnaires. The main disadvantage of questionnaires is their sequential administration, i.e., a user’s affective state is measured asynchronously to its generation within the VE. A synchronous measurement of users’ affective states would be highly favorable, e.g., in the context of adaptive systems. Drawing from nonverbal behavior research, we argue that behavioral measures could be a powerful approach to assess users’ affective states in VR. In this paper, we contribute by providing methods and measures evaluated in a user study involving 42 participants to assess a users’ affective states by measuring head movements during VR exposure. We show that head yaw significantly correlates with presence, mental and physical demand, perceived performance, and system usability. We also exploit the identified relationships for two practical tasks that are based on head yaw: (1) predicting a user’s affective state, and (2) detecting manipulated questionnaire answers, i.e., answers that are possibly non-truthful. We found that affective states can be predicted significantly better than a naive estimate for mental demand, physical demand, perceived performance, and usability. Further, manipulated or non-truthful answers can also be estimated significantly better than by a naive approach. These findings mark an initial step in the development of novel methods to assess user perception of VEs.

scholarly journals The Interpretation of E-Motions in Faces and Bodies Derived from Static Artworks by Individuals with High Functioning Autistic Spectrum

Vision ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Della-Torre ◽  
Daniele Zavagno ◽  
Rossana Actis-Grosso
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Similar Range

E-motions are defined as those affective states the expressions of which—conveyed either by static faces or body posture—embody a dynamic component and, consequently, convey a higher sense of dynamicity than other emotional expressions. An experiment is presented, aimed at testing whether e-motions are perceived as such also by individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which have been associated with impairments in emotion recognition and in motion perception. To this aim we replicate with ASD individuals a study, originally conducted with typically developed individuals (TDs), in which we showed to both ASD and TD participants 14 bodiless heads and 14 headless bodies taken from eleven static artworks and four drawings. The Experiment was divided into two sessions. In Session 1 participants were asked to freely associate each stimulus to an emotion or an affective state (Task 1, option A); if they were unable to find a specific emotion, the experimenter showed them a list of eight possible emotions (words) and asked them to choose one from such list, that best described the affective state portrayed in the image (Task 1, option B). After their choice, they were asked to rate the intensity of the perceived emotion on a seven point Likert scale (Task 2). In Session 2 participants were requested to evaluate the degree of dynamicity conveyed by each stimulus on a 7 point Likert scale. Results showed that ASDs and TDs shared a similar range of verbal expressions defining emotions; however, ASDs (i) showed an impairment in the ability to spontaneously assign an emotion to a headless body, and (ii) they more frequently used terms denoting negative emotions (for both faces and bodies) as compared to neutral emotions, which in turn were more frequently used by TDs. No difference emerged between the two groups for positive emotions, with happiness being the emotion better recognized in both faces and in bodies. Although overall there are no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the emotions assigned to the images and the degree of perceived dynamicity, the interaction Artwork x Group showed that for some images ASDs assigned a different value than TDs to perceived dynamicity. Moreover, two images were interpreted by ASDs as conveying completely different emotions than those perceived by TDs. Results are discussed in light of the ability of ASDs to resolve ambiguity, and of possible different cognitive styles characterizing the aesthetical/emotional experience.

Before School Exercise Effects on Fitness and Academic Performance in Schoolchildren: A Retrospective Case-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Austin J. Kulp ◽  
Xihe Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before School

Background/Purpose: Before school exercise programs (BSEPs) give students time for breakfast and add time to their daily physical activity. However, the effects of BSEP on physical fitness and academic achievement in the classroom remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of BSEP on cardiorespiratory fitness and academic performance among fourth- and fifth-grade students. Method: A retrospective case-controlled design was used in this study. Fourth and fifth graders (N = 84) were participants, half signed up for BSEP that met once a week for 10 weeks. A retrospectively case-controlled comparison group was generated from the classmates of those in BSEP in the same school. All students took PACER and statewide academic performance assessments. Multivariate analysis of covariance for student cardiorespiratory fitness, and mathematics and reading, were conducted, adjusting for pretest performances. Analysis/Results: There were improvements for both groups in academic performances and cardiorespiratory fitness. The cardiorespiratory fitness and reading test improvements were greater in the BSEP group than those in the comparison group, controlling for their pretests. However, there was no significant difference in student mathematics test performances. Conclusion: Students in BSEP group benefited from participating in the program with greater improvement in cardiorespiratory and reading test performances than the comparison group. These findings suggested that providing a BSEP once a week for 45 min may be beneficial to fourth and fifth graders.

scholarly journals Intelligent Monitoring of Affective Factors Underlying Sport Performance by Means of Wearable and Mobile Technology

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (19) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Bailon ◽  
Miguel Damas ◽  
Hector Pomares ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Pandelis Perakakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The fluctuation of affective states is a contributing factor to sport performance variability. The context surrounding athletes during their daily life and the evolution of their physiological variables beyond sport events are relevant factors, as they modulate the affective state of the subject over time. However, traditional procedures to assess the affective state are limited to self-reported questionnaires within controlled settings, thus removing the impact of the context. This work proposes a multimodal, context-aware platform that combines the data acquired through smartphones and wearable sensors to assess the affective state of the athlete. The platform is aimed at ubiquitously monitoring the fluctuations of affective states during longitudinal studies within naturalistic environments, overcoming the limitations of previous studies and allowing for the complete evaluation of the factors that could modulate the affective state. This system will also facilitate and expedite the analysis of the relationship between affective states and sport performance.

scholarly journals Losing stinks! The effect of competition outcome on body odour quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1800) ◽  
pp. 20190267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Fialová ◽  
Vít Třebický ◽  
Radim Kuba ◽  
David Stella ◽  
Jakub Binter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Olfactory Communication ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Formal Level ◽  
Body Odour ◽  
Axillary Odour

Dominance hierarchy is often established via repeated agonistic encounters where consistent winners are considered dominant. Human body odour contains cues to psychological dominance and competition, but it is not known whether competition outcome (a marker of a change in dominance hierarchy) affects the hedonic quality of human axillary odour. Therefore, we investigated the effect of winning and losing on odour quality. We collected odour samples from Mixed Martial Arts fighters approximately 1 h before and immediately after a match. Raters then assessed samples for pleasantness, attractiveness, masculinity and intensity. We also obtained data on donors' affective state and cortisol and testosterone levels, since these are known to be associated with competition and body odour quality. Perceived body odour pleasantness, attractiveness and intensity significantly decreased while masculinity increased after a match irrespective of the outcome. Nonetheless, losing a match affected the pleasantness of body odour more profoundly, though bordering formal level of significance. Moreover, a path analysis revealed that match loss led to a decrease in odour attractiveness, which was mediated by participants’ negative affective states. Our study suggests that physical competition and to some extent also its outcome affect the perceived quality of human body odour in specific real-life settings, thus providing cues to dominance-related characteristics. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Olfactory communication in humans’.

scholarly journals Breakfast habits, nutritional status and their relationship with academic performance in elementary school students of Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Soheilipour ◽  
Hamid Salehiniya ◽  
Mostafa Farajpour.kh ◽  
Mohadeseh Pishgahroudsari
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Breakfast Consumption

Background. The aim of this study was to examine the breakfast habits, nutritional status and their relationship with academic performance in primary school students in Tehran, Iran.Method. In this cross-sectional study 829 primary school children were included. Child Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated based on the objective measures of height and weight as well as adjusted for age and gender. Data on Breakfast habits and academic performance were collected by a valid checklist. For data analysis we used Chi-squared and Fisher's exact test using SPSS software, version 11.5; statistical significance was assumed if p-value is below the 0.05Results. The average breakfast consumption per week was 5.5 times (days) with a standard deviation of 2.9. Based on the results, 30.9 % of participants did not consume full breakfast (six times or less) and 69.1 % had a complete one. In terms of academic grade level, 88.4 % of the participants were in a high level, 10.3 % in appropriate conditions and only 1.3 % of the respondents required more effort (inappropriate).There was no significant correlation between breakfast consumption and academic status (p=0.73), nutritional status of the participants according to the academic performance status Individuals showed no statistically significant relationship (P=0.9).Conclusion. Unlike previous studies, this study revealed no correlation between the academic grade level of elementary students with nutritional status and breakfast habits. It is suggested that according to the qualitative school scoring method, future studies are needed to assessing the students' academic performance. Other parameters will be considered in addition to the average in order to provide a better perspective of students' academic performance. 

THE INTERACTION OF INTUITION AND RATIONALITY DURING ESCALATED NPD DECISIONS: AN INVESTIGATION OF DECISION-MAKERS’ AFFECTIVE STATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050033
Author(s):  
TOBIAS ROETH ◽  
PATRICK SPIETH ◽  
VERENA JOACHIM
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Escalating Commitment ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Intuitive Decision Making ◽  
Affect Infusion Model ◽  
Commitment Escalation

Decision-makers often struggle to terminate unsuccessful new product development (NPD) projects, so that escalating commitment occurs. Although research shows that rational and intuitive decision-making styles (DMS) as well as a decision-maker’s affective state determines the performance of NPD decisions, little is known about their influences on escalating commitment. By applying the affect infusion model in an experimental study, we investigate how a decision-maker’s affective state influence their escalating commitment by focusing on their use of a rational and an intuitive DMS. Our findings, based on 366 respondents, show that a rational DMS is unable to reduce commitment escalation. Surprisingly, an intuitive DMS is able to reduce a decision-maker’s commitment in the case of a positive affect, whereas a rational DMS increases their commitment in the case of a negative affect. Thus, our interdisciplinary research on affect and decision-making extends and contributes to research into decision-making during the NPD process as well as into escalating commitment.

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