Fruit Quality Changes of Salak “Pondoh” Fruits (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) during Maturation and Ripening

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reni Lestari ◽  
Georg Ebert ◽  
Susanne Huyskens-Keil
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Texture Measurement ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Salak is a very important fruit product in Indonesia that has been cultivated throughout Indonesia and has been exported to several countries. The study to determine biochemical and physical as well as physiological changes during fruit maturation and ripening was applied to two superior salak cultivars, “pondoh hitam” and “pondoh super” originally from Sleman, Yogyakarta of Indonesia. Fresh salak fruits of the cultivars “pondoh hitam” and “pondoh super” at three different ripening stages were used, i.e. stage 4, stage 5 and stage 5.5 (4, 5 and 5.5 months after pollination, respectively) for “pondoh hitam” and stage 4, stage 5 and stage 6 (4, 5 and 6 months after pollination, respectively) for “pondoh super”.<strong> </strong>Immediately after air transport from Indonesia to Germany, determination of fruit colour and texture as well as biochemical analyses were carried out in Berlin. Freeze-dried sample material was used for the determination of minerals, mono- and disaccharides, pectic substances and dietary fibre. Results of the study showed that increase in fruit size and weight as well as changes in peel and pulp colour occurred during maturation and ripening of salak fruits. Different patterns of peel and pulp colour changes were found in “pondoh super” and “pondoh hitam” during ripening. Physiological processes in “pondoh super” occurred to at a later stage but then accelerated faster than “pondoh hitam” in term of changes of mono- and disaccharides, resulting in a poorer marketability and shorter shelf life. In respect to the changes of sugar/acid ratio, there was a faster ripening process in “pondoh super” than in “pondoh hitam”. “Pondoh super” possessed higher content of polysaccharides and lignin, however, the ripening process accelerated earlier in comparison to “pondoh hitam”. Alterations in cell wall and middle lamella structure did not correlated with the physical non destructive texture measurement during ripening of salak.

Reduction of Potassium in Kidney Proximal Tubules to Aid in Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis of Calcium

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
A. LeFurgey ◽  
P. Ingram ◽  
L.J. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried

For quantitative determination of subcellular Ca distribution by electron probe x-ray microanalysis, decreasing (and/or eliminating) the K content of the cell maximizes the ability to accurately separate the overlapping K Kß and Ca Kα peaks in the x-ray spectra. For example, rubidium has been effectively substituted for potassium in smooth muscle cells, thus giving an improvement in calcium measurements. Ouabain, a cardiac glycoside widely used in experimental and clinical applications, inhibits Na-K ATPase at the cell membrane and thus alters the cytoplasmic ion (Na,K) content of target cells. In epithelial cells primarily involved in active transport, such as the proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney, ouabain rapidly (t1/2= 2 mins) causes a decrease2 in intracellular K, but does not change intracellular total or free Ca for up to 30 mins. In the present study we have taken advantage of this effect of ouabain to determine the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Ca content in freeze-dried cryosections of kidney proximal tubule by electron probe x-ray microanalysis.

Colorimetric Determination of Hydroxyproline as Measure of Collagen Content in Meat and Meat Products: NMKL Collaborative Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Kolar
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Analytical Result

Abstract A colorimetric method for the determination of hydroxyproline as a measure of collagen in meat and meat products has been collaboratively studied in 18 laboratories. The method includes hydrolysis with sulfuric acid, oxidation with chloramine- T, and formation of a reddish purple complex with 4- dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. Five frozen and 3 freeze-dried samples were tested, ranging in content from 0.11 to 0.88% and from 0.39 to 4.0% hydroxyproline, respectively. The mean values of 2 identical samples were 0.245 and 0.251 %. The average recovery from a spiked sample was 96.1 %. The hydroxyproline content of a known sample (a mixture of 2 samples in the ratio 5:2) was calculated to 1.42%, which agrees well with the analytical result, 1.40%. In comparison with other collaborative studies, based on the ISO analytical method, the repeatability and reproducibility of this method agree well with the other results. This method was accepted as an official NMKL method by all national Committees, and has been adopted official first action by AOAC as an NMKLAOAC method.

scholarly journals Assessment and determination of lyoprotectant for survival of freeze-dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Zongcheng Miao ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xiaoping Huo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Steepest Ascent ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Viable Bacteria

Abstract Currently research of lactic acid bacteria focus primarily on the functional probiotics, which are major beneficial biota in the gastrointestinal tract, have been industrial manufactured. Probiotics confer health benefits on the host need adequate amounts. However, the absence of data makes it difficult to ensure the maintenance biological activities and population of probiotic. In this research, a fractional factorial design and steepest ascent experiment were used to analyze the influence of lyoprotectant as carbohydrates, prebiotics and amino acids on the survival of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The results indicated a maximum survival rate and population of viable bacteria of L. rhamnosus to be 55.84 % and 1.60 ×1011 CFU/g after freeze-dried by using a combination of 10 g/100mL Sucrose, 2.5 g/100mL Isomaltooligosaccharide, 12 g/100mL Hydroxyproline. To a large extent, the survival and viability were dependent on the cryoprotectant used and make probiotics more attractive from a practical application in industrial viewpoint.

scholarly journals Zinc and copper content in soil and plant during different vegetation periods

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Shiryaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Flower Plant ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Calculated Average

Important biogenic elements of plants are zinc and copper, which come into them from the soil in the form of cations. Plants selectively absorb the elements they need in accordance with physiological and biochemical needs, as well as the characteristics of their vegetation. Copper and zinc are part of the enzymes that are necessary for the normal course of many biochemical reactions. Lack or excess of any chemical element causes a violation of the normal course of biochemical and physiological processes in plants. The paper presents the results of the study of zinc and copper content in the soil, as well as in the above-ground and underground organs of the studied plant object. Quantitative determination of zinc and copper was carried out on an atomic absorption spectrometer. As an object of study, a flower plant of the Gentian family (lat. Gentianáceae), genus Eustoma (lat. Eustoma), grade Aube Pink Picotee. Vegetation experiments were carried out on the basis of LLC "Greenhouse "Iceberg". According to the data, the content of zinc and copper in the organs of the studied plant decreases in a number of root – aboveground part – flower. In different periods of vegetation there is a different accumulation of copper and zinc in the aboveground and underground organs. The root of this plant performs a barrier function, blocking the flow of copper into the plant from the soil at 27 weeks of development. In this case, the zinc content in the root of the plant during this period increases significantly, but this figure in the above-ground part of the plant varies slightly. According to the calculated average value of the biological absorption coefficient, it can be seen that the accumulation of zinc in the plant occurs to a greater extent than the accumulation of copper.

Determination of Bioactive Components of Waste Leaves from Chinese Hackberry by GC/MS

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 930-934
Author(s):  
Gong Xiu He ◽  
Dang Quan Zhang ◽  
Qi Mei Liu ◽  
Kuan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
History Of ◽  
Celtis Sinensis ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
Main Components

Chinese Hackberry (Celtis sinensis) tree has high adaptability to environment and tolerance to water stress, and a long history of utilization and plantation in many countries. However, researches on Chinese Hackberry were mostly focused on the biomass analyses and utilizations of its wood, and lacked those to analyze the chemical components of extractives of Chinese Hackberry leaves, which was very important to recover and utilize the polluting waste Chinese Hackberry leaves. Therefore, the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractives of Chinese Hackberry leaves were analyzed by method of GC/MS in order to identify top value-added bioactive components from waste leaves of Chinese Hackberry tree. The analytical result showed that the main components of benzene/ethanol extractives of freeze-dried Chinese Hackberry leaves by GC/MS analysis were identified 10 components (106 peaks) as: Sesquirosefuran (48.57%), Thiophene, 2-ethyltetrahydro- (20.01 %), Hexatriacontane (8.67%), Octadecane (8.60%), 1-Eicosanol Pregn-4-en-3-one, 20-hydroxy-, (20R)- (4.52%), 1-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone (3.63%), 1,3-Diphenyl-(4H)1,2,4-triazoline- (1.92%), Tricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecane-1-carboxylic acid (1.69%), Eucalyptol (1.60%), etc. As the first report here, our result by GC/MS showed that the benzene-methanol extractive of freeze-dried Chinese Hackberry leaves can be developed into top value-added materials of spicery, biomedicines, and biofuel.

Determination of diffraction time and influence of strip moving speeds on texture measurement using X-ray area detector

Optik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Anmin Yin ◽  
Yufan Wang ◽  
Cheng Tao ◽  
Xuedao Shu ◽  
Zhenge Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Texture Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Area Detector

Spectrophotometric determination of urinary iodine by flow-injection analysis with on-line catalytic digestion

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Yaping ◽  
Y Dongxing ◽  
C Jixiang ◽  
L Tianshiu ◽  
C Huiqin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
On Line ◽  
Iodine In Urine

Abstract A flow-injection technique involving on-line catalytic digestion and spectrophotometric detection has been developed for the determination of iodine in urine. After urine samples are digested by KMnO4-K2Cr2O7-H2SO4 solution, the iodine in the urine catalyzes the reaction of As(III) with Ce(IV). The remaining Ce(IV) is then reacted with brucine and the product is detected with a spectrophotometer at 480 nm. With this technique, we obtained a detection limit for urinary iodine of 0.039 mumol/L, and the linear range was 0.039-7.88 mumol/L with a CV &lt; 3%. Analytical recovery ranged between 92% and 104% (mean 99%). The sampling frequency of the flow-injection technique was 70/h. We applied the method to measure the iodine concentration in a freeze-dried urine reference sample and in collected urine samples, and compared the results with those obtained by the accepted alkaline ashing technique. The proposed technique has the advantages of being simple, rapid, precise, accurate, and sensitive. It can be used to assess iodine-deficient populations as well as those receiving treatment.

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