scholarly journals Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Residual Clay Occurrences in Idi-Ayunre and Akure Areas, Southwestern Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewole J. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristic ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Precambrian Basement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porphyritic Granite

<p class="zhengwen">Three residual clay occurrences in Idi-Ayunre, and Akure areas which belong to the Precambrian basement complex of southwestern Nigeria were investigated for their mineralogical, chemical and industrial properties. The investigation was to evaluate their industrial applications and economic importance. The clay within the weathered profiles above banded gneiss at Idi-Ayunre is whitish with red spots, whereas the clays derived from profiles above porphyritic granite and granite gneiss in Akure are grayish and brown in color respectively.</p><p class="zhengwen">The X-ray diffraction studies show that kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral, goethite, microcline, quartz, albite are the major non clay minerals in the samples. Chemical data showed that the average values of SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were 52.3. 30.29 and 3.54 wt% respectively constituting 86.13% of the bulk compositions.</p>Evaluation of the clay thermal characteristic, firing colour, water absorption capacities and shrinkage values show that the brownish Idi-Ayunre clay, gray and brown Akure kaolinitic clays could serve as raw materials for ceramics, building bricks, and other structural wares

scholarly journals Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Weathering Profiles above the Basement Rocks in Idi- Ayunre and Akure Districts, Southwestern Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Adewole John Adeola ◽  
Abisola M. Oyebola
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porphyritic Granite ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Gneiss Granite ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

Idi-ayunre and Akure areas are part of the basement complex of southwestern Nigeria and are predominantly consisted of gneisses, granite and migmatite with some minor quartz veins and pegmatite. These rocks have been greatly weathered to form clay, laterite and soils.Chemical analysis were carried out on basement rocks and exposed profiles. The weathering profile was subjected to X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine mineralogical compositions whereas Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) was calculated from the elemental concentrated data.Weathering of basement rocks in Idi-Ayunre and Akure districts resulted in the formation of soil layer which ranged 0-0.4m, laterite layer 1.2-2.2m, and clayey zone 3.8-6.6m. Quartz, plagioclase, microcline, and biotite were the main minerals in parent rocks. Some of the primary minerals such as biotite and K-feldspar have been weathered to form kaolinite. Quartz, kaolinite and goethite formed the dominant minerals revealed by X-ray diffraction on decomposed granite sequences. The results from chemical analysis showed that Al and Fe have been enriched in weathering profiles of banded gneiss, migmatite gneiss and porphyritic granite whilst on the other hand Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, K, Ti were reported to be depleted.. Silica was relatively stable from basement to the topsoil in the profile. The CIA generally ranged between 80 - 99The lateritic profiles over banded gneiss, granite and porphyritic granite of Idi-Ayunre and Akure areas varied with the composition of the parent rocks. The thick clayey layers could be of great economic importance for the production of ceramics wares and for constructional purposes.

scholarly journals Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of clay deposits at Ijesha–Ijebu and its environs, southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Adewole John Adeola ◽  
Adeyemi Moyosoluwa Odunayo ◽  
Omojola Damilola Ifeoluwa
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Clay Deposits

Two residual clay deposits and one transported clay deposit in Ijesha-Ijebu area were investigated for their mineralogical, chemical and industrial  properties. The investigation was to evaluate their industrial applications and economic importance. The mineralogy of the clay samples was  determined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The chemical composition of the clay samples was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Physical tests which include; thermal properties, plasticity tests, density measurement, linear shrinkage and water absorption capacity were determined to determine their industrial potentials. The clay within the weathered profiles above banded gneiss and pegmatite at Ijesha-Ijebu is brownish with red spots, while the clays derived from sedimentary terrain is chocolate in colour. The X-ray diffraction results showed that kaolinite is the dominant mineral, while quartz, albite and muscovite are the major non clay minerals. Chemical data showed that the values of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are 66.11%, 20.53% and 3.07%, respectively in weathered banded gneiss, in sedimentary the values of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are 42.12%, 34.43% and 7.37%. In weathered pegmatite, the values of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are 53.17%, 32.7%, 1.44%,  respectively. The average percentage of clay in the banded gneiss, pegmatite and sedimentary samples are 50%, 56% and 47% respectively. The clay mouldability ranged between moderate to high. Evaluation of the clay properties and characteristics shows the industrial application of the clay like  production of ceramic, building bricks and other structural wares. Keywords: Clay, Mineralogy, Chemistry, Ceramics, Building bricks.

Metallographic Characterization of a Ti-Containing Low-Density Fe-Mn-Al-C Steel in As-Cast Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 1812 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Ignacio Mejía ◽  
Gladys Y. Díaz-Martínez ◽  
Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dendritic Microstructure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallographic Technique ◽  
Cast Condition

ABSTRACTLow-density steels, with an excellent combination of outstanding mechanical properties, ultimate tensile strength and specific weight reduction, have been attracting great attention as a new group of materials in many industrial applications, particularly in the automotive industry. The aim of this work was to characterize the microstructure of a Ti-containing low-density Fe-Mn-Al-C steel in the as-cast condition. For this purpose, Ti-containing low-density steel was melted in an induction furnace using high purity raw materials and cast into a metal ingot mold. Chemical composition of the studied steel was Fe-32Mn-7.0Al-2.2C-0.5Ti (wt%). Samples were prepared by standard metallographic technique (grinding and polishing) and chemically etched with 2% nital solution, in order to reveal the dendritic microstructure. Microstructure observations were performed by scanning electron microscopy and the chemical nature of the present phases was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray. X-ray diffraction was performed at room temperature using a diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation. Phase equilibria by thermodynamic calculations for the studied steel were performed using JMatPro® software package. In general, results revealed a finer dendritic microstructure composed of ferritic matrix and austenite islands. The presence of ferrite and austenite in the steel was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals Petrochemistry and petrogenesis of the Precambrian Basement Complex rocks around Akungba-Akoko, southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimbola Chris Ogunyele ◽  
Oladotun Afolabi Oluwajana ◽  
Iyanuoluwa Queen Ehinola ◽  
Blessing Ene Ameh ◽  
Toheeb Akande Salaudeen
Keyword(s):  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Biotite Granite ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Precambrian Basement ◽  
Biotite Gneiss ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Anhydrous Mineral ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Igneous Protoliths

AbstractField, mineralogical and petrochemical studies of the Precambrian Basement Complex rocks around Akungba-Akoko were carried out with the aim of determining their petrology, petrochemical characteristics and petrogenesis. The petrology of Akungba-Akoko area comprises migmatite, granite gneiss and biotite gneiss intruded by biotite granite, charnockite and minor felsic and basic rocks. Seventeen representative samples of the granite gneiss, biotite gneiss, biotite granite and charnockite were collected during field geological mapping of the area for petrographic and geochemical analyses. Modal mineralogy revealed that the granite gneiss, biotite gneiss and granite have assemblages of quartz + feldspar + mica + hornblende + opaques and are granitic in composition. The charnockite is characterized by anhydrous mineral assemblage of quartz + feldspar + biotite + hornblende + pyroxene + opaques. Petrochemical data of the rocks revealed that they are moderately to highly enrich in SiO2, sub-alkaline, peraluminous, magnesian to ferroan and calcic and have K/Rb < 283. The geochemical characteristics and discrimination of the rocks indicated that the granite gneiss and biotite gneiss are orthogneisses formed by metamorphism of igneous protoliths of granitic composition and the biotite granite and charnockite are of igneous/magmatic origin. The biotite granite, charnockite and the igneous protoliths of the biotite gneiss are I-type granitoids formed from crustal igneous-sourced melt(s), while the igneous protoliths of the granite gneiss is a S-type granitoid probably derived from shallow crustal or sedimentary-sourced melt(s). Tectonic discrimination of the rocks indicated that they were formed during a phase of magmatic activity related to collision and subduction.

scholarly journals Petrological, Chemical, and Mineralogical Characterization of Anka (Zamfara State) Manganese Ore

NanoNEXT ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Gbadamosi Y.E ◽  
Alabi O.O ◽  
Ola-Omole O.O ◽  
Adetula Y.V
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grinding Machine

Manganese deposit reserves exist in Nigeria, which have potentials as raw materials for industrial applications such as batteries, steel and electrical appliances. The present level of exploitation of Manganese is very low and, in most cases, appropriate processing would be necessary to attain desirable qualities. This paper provides petrological, chemical and mineralogical characterization of manganese ore in Anka area of Zamfara state, Nigeria. A chip of about 1/8 of an inch and about 1 inch by 1 inch was cut from the lumps of Anka (Zamfara state) manganese sample using rock cutter, after which their surfaces were trimmed and the chip was mounted on a grinding machine to make the surface smooth. The samples were mounted on a slide and viewed using Leica Petrological Microscope. 500 g of the ore was weighed using digital weighing balance. The sample was crushed and ground until 80% passing of 250µm is achieved. The ground ore was blended homogenously before the analysis while for the ore microscopy study, true fraction representative of the manganese ore samples were prepared, polished mounts and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope-energy dispersed X-ray (SEM/EDX). However, X-ray Fluorescence was used to determine the chemical composition while identification of the associate mineral phase was done using X-ray Diffraction. From the petrological analysis carried out on the crude samples reveals the presence of heavy mineral and segregation distribution of the mineral. The XRF results shows 77.81% MnO, 60.26% Mn, 10.9% Fe2O3, 4% Al2O3 while Spessartine (3MnO.Al2O3, 0.830), Silicon oxide (SiO2, 1.122), Quartz (SiO4, 0.728), Pyrolusite (MnO, 1.543), and Almandine (Fe3Al2SiO12, 1.583) were identified as the major phases in the ore.

scholarly journals Waste and Solar Energy: An Eco-Friendly Way for Glass Melting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Isabel Padilla ◽  
Maximina Romero ◽  
José I. Robla ◽  
Aurora López-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Glass Network ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In this work, concentrated solar energy (CSE) was applied to an energy-intensive process such as the vitrification of waste with the aim of manufacturing glasses. Different types of waste were used as raw materials: a hazardous waste from the aluminum industry as aluminum source; two residues from the food industry (eggshell and mussel shell) and dolomite ore as calcium source; quartz sand was also employed as glass network former. The use of CSE allowed obtaining glasses in the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system at exposure time as short as 15 min. The raw materials, their mixtures, and the resulting glasses were characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The feasibility of combining a renewable energy, as solar energy and different waste for the manufacture of glasses, would highly contribute to circular economy and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of residual stress measurements in cold extruded parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jaeger ◽  
Alessandro Franceschi ◽  
Holger Hoche ◽  
Peter Groche ◽  
Matthias Oechsner
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractCold extruded components are characterized by residual stresses, which originate from the experienced manufacturing process. For industrial applications, reproducibility and homogeneity of the final components are key aspects for an optimized quality control. Although striving to obtain identical deformation and surface conditions, fluctuation in the manufacturing parameters and contact shear conditions during the forming process may lead to variations of the spatial residual stress distribution in the final product. This could lead to a dependency of the residual stress measurement results on the relative axial and circumferential position on the sample. An attempt to examine this problem is made by the employment of design of experiments (DoE) methods. A statistical analysis of the residual stress results generated through X-Ray diffraction is performed. Additionally, the ability of cold extrusion processes to generate uniform stress states is analyzed on specimens of austenitic stainless steel 1.4404 and possible correlations with the pre-deformed condition are statistically examined. Moreover, the influence of the coating, consisting of oxalate and a MoS2 based lubricant, on the X-Ray diffraction measurements of the surface is investigated.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Discovery of Fe7O9: a new iron oxide with a complex monoclinic structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Sinmyo ◽  
Elena Bykova ◽  
Sergey V. Ovsyannikov ◽  
Catherine McCammon ◽  
Ilya Kupenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Iron oxides are fundamentally important compounds for basic and applied sciences as well as in numerous industrial applications. In this work we report the synthesis and investigation of a new binary iron oxide with the hitherto unknown stoichiometry of Fe7O9. This new oxide was synthesized at high-pressure high-temperature (HP-HT) conditions, and its black single crystals were successfully recovered at ambient conditions. By means of single crystal X-ray diffraction we determined that Fe7O9 adopts a monoclinic C2/m lattice with the most distorted crystal structure among the binary iron oxides known to date. The synthesis of Fe7O9 opens a new portal to exotic iron-rich (M,Fe)7O9 oxides with unusual stoichiometry and distorted crystal structures. Moreover, the crystal structure and phase relations of such new iron oxide groups may provide new insight into the cycling of volatiles in the Earth’s interior.

Facile Solid State Method Route Synthesis and Enhance Visible Light Activities of BiVO4 by Doping Co

2016 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 316-320
Author(s):  
Hai Feng Chen ◽  
Jing Ling Hu ◽  
Bing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Method

Using NH4VO3, Bi (NO3)3•5H2O and Co (NO3)2•6H2O as raw materials, Co doped BiVO4 (Co/BiVO4) photocatalysts were successfully prepared by solid state method. And the photo catalytic properties were test in this work. Crystal structures of these samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Methyl Orange (MO) was simulated as the sewage under the visible light to explorer the influence of the illumination time and the mass of photocatalyst. The visible-light absorption spectrum of BiVO4 was broadening with doping Co. It was found that the Co/BiVO4 had higher photocatalytic activity than pure BiVO4 .The reason of enhanced catalytic effect also had been analyzed and discussed in the article.

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