scholarly journals A Review on Parameters Affecting the Choice of Alternative (Non-Chemical) Weed Control Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Chemical Methods

Chemical using as a weed control method is the most preferred method in weed control because they are easily accessible, easily applicable and inexpensive. But, with the new environment-friendly regulations, the importance of non-chemical methods has increased all over the world. In addition, organic farm and non-chemical agricultural methods are gaining importance with increasing social environment and health awareness. Non-chemical methods, called, "alternative methods” have been one of the most popular research subjects in recent years. The physical removal or killing of weeds is usually done by hand or by means designed tools for this task, which varies from country to country. The most known modern non-chemical weed control methods are; electric current,  microwave heating, superheated steam, infrared using, pneumatic system, freeze-drying, laser cutting, and fresnel lens systems. The most popular of these methods are; electric current method and microwave heating. In electric current and microwave heating methods, there are no chemical residues in soil and plants after application. It has been shown in the studies that, the microwave weed control method can destroy weeds and seeds when appropriate frequency, sufficient time and required power level are selected. Therefore, in the selection of non-chemical weed control methods, some important parameters of plant and soil should be known. The electrical and dielectric properties of plants and soil such as, electrical resistance (R), impedance (Z), dielectric constant (ε’), loss factor (ε’’), the permittivity (permeability ( and conductivity (σ) should be known especially in microwave and electric current methods. The other parameters like the age, height and density of the plant is an issue to be considered in all control methods. But, the moisture content of soil and plant may not be taken into consideration in hot water and steam applications. For the freeze-drying method, the moisture and water content of the plant and soil must also be taken into account.

Comparative Analysis of Microwave and Electric Arc as a New Method in Weed Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Hasan Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Alternative Weed Control

The increase in the demand for organic production and the adverse effects of chemicals used in agriculture have brought non-chemical weed control methods to the fore. Among these methods, the most studied ones are microwave and electric arc methods. It has been determined in studies that microwaves and electric current, when applied at the correct power level and for sufficient time, biologically inactivate weeds, all kinds of unwanted plants and seeds. In this study, the mortality rates caused by microwave energy and electric current (arc) methods in some plants applied under laboratory conditions were compared. Studies have shown that the effectiveness of microwave and electric arc methods depends on the selected current, voltage, power level and exposure time. It is thought that the electric arc method is easier and more economical in terms of application in the field than the microwave method. Another purpose of this study is to remind agricultural policy makers and decision makers of the importance of alternative weed control methods and to ensure that they make policies in this direction.

scholarly journals Effective Weed Control in Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana BOGDAN ◽  
Teodor RUSU ◽  
Ştefania GADEA ◽  
Ilarie IVAN ◽  
Paula MORARU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Optimal Network ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Weeds Control

The paper present the results of 26 variants of weed control in maize (grouped in 6 distinctly strategies) which were tested in 2010 agricultural year in a one factorial stationary experiment. Three of the strategies were based on post emergence weed control methods, two of them – on pre-emergent weed control method and one of them – based on both methods. The main goal was establishing an optimal network weeds control in maize crop. Maize weed in Luduş area increased, due to weed seeds reserve in the arable stratum and weather conditions, which allow weeds to grow alternatively, and because of the development of problem-causing species during the maize vegetation period, when no tilling is performed.

Economic Comparison of Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Armstrong ◽  
J. K. Leasure ◽  
Mitchell R. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Small Item ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Selection Of

The problem in determining the economic feasibility of mechanical, chemical, and combination weed control methods in corn (Zea mays L.) is a complex decision involving many factors. The effects of cost, yield, timeliness, and alternative uses of labor are the factors considered in comparing various methods of weed control in this study. Costs of weed control operations range from $2.84/A for two cultivations to $10.45/A for the most intensive, mechanical-chemical operation studied. Most common weed control methods have costs of approximately $3 to $4/A. Yields range from 83 bu/A for two cultivations to 96 bu/A with the highest cost chemical-mechanical weed control methods. All yields used in this study are supported by agronomic studies and are indexed on the basis of 100 bu/A for weed-free conditions. The consideration of both yields and costs does affect the selection of a weed control method. Considering only these two factors, mechanical methods have a slight advantage over chemical weed control methods. Penalizing mechanical methods because of delay or timeliness characteristics gives chemical methods an advantage by as much as $3.00/A. Alternative uses of labor, even though a common argument in selecting chemical or mechanical methods, is a very small item and has only moderate effects on the changes in net income.

scholarly journals Determinants of Smallholder Maize Farmer’s Perception on Use of Improved Weed Control Technologies in Eswatini

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Khumalo M ◽  
D. Kibirige ◽  
M. B. Masuku ◽  
H. R. Mloza-Banda ◽  
W. O. Mukabwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Control Technologies

Environmental concerns, increase labour cost and increase in demand for food has urged farmer to use the most economic and concomitant method to their farming objectives. Therefore, this study focused on ascertaining maize farmer’s perceptions on the weed control methods they choose and the socio-economic characteristics that determine these perceptions. This study was conduct countrywide in the four agro-ecological zones of Eswatini. Primary data was collected from 240 randomly selected maize farmers in the four Agro-ecological Zone of Eswatini. Factor analysis was used to estimate principal components about farmer’s perception on the different weed control methods. Multiple regression method was used to ascertain the socio-economic factors determining farmers’ perceptions. Farmers were interviewed about their perception on the usage of herbicides and integrated weed control method. The five likert scale of attitudinal statements related to herbicide and integrated weed control methods was developed. Four principal components were generated by the analysis from the positive attitudinal statement on the use of herbicides. These include productivity and economical, inclusive and confidence, knowledgeable and readiness, environmental impact. Farmer perceived that herbicides are associated with increased productive, can be used with confidence, farmers were ready to use herbicides, on the other hand, farmers perceived herbicides to have a negative impact on the environment. The socio-economic drivers of these farmers’ perceptions included sex of the farmer, education level, farming experience, access to agricultural trainings, amount of farm incomes and group membership. Integrated weeding method (hand hoe weeding + herbicide use) was perceived to be labour saving, productive and has no harm on the environment. The socio-economic drivers of these farmers’ perception towards the use of integrated weed control method included group membership and education. The study recommends that government should increase the number of extension officers to extend extension contact to more farmers, thus improve information sharing to farmers on best agricultural practices. Sensitization workshops, trainings and On-farm demonstration related to the usage of the improved weed control technologies is desired to increase farmers’ access to knowledge about the use of these improved weeding technologies.

scholarly journals Using Electric Current as a Weed Control Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Hasan Sahin ◽  
Mehmet Yalınkılıc
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Important Place

Weed struggle has an important place in agricultural production. The widespread use of chemicals in this struggle is due to its easy applicability, its short-term results, and its economic efficiency. However, the negative effects of these chemicals on the environment and human health have been recognized, and the interest in non-chemical struggle methods has also increased. One of the non-chemical methods of struggle is using electric energy. In this work, which is carried out by passing the electric current through the plant, it is aimed that ended the vital activity of weed (cress), as a result of electric current flowing through it. The experimental setup prepared for use in operation consists of a voltage regulator with 1-300 V steps and copper conductors which will contact the plants. In the experiments, weed seeds germinated under suitable conditions were placed on the board to complete the electric circuit and the circuit was completed by passing current through the plants that the copper conductor tips contacted. As a result of the experiments, plants were observed to lose their vitality about 70% when 100 volts of electricity was applied over the body for 300, 420 and 540 seconds. On the other hand, when electric energy was applied as 200 volts and 300 volts for 300, 420, and 540 seconds, respectively, the vital activity of the plants close to 100% was ended.

scholarly journals Rigput Brome (Bromus diandrus Roth.) Management in a No-Till Field in Spain

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aritz Royo-Esnal ◽  
Jordi Recasens ◽  
Jesús Garrido ◽  
Joel Torra
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
No Till ◽  
Semi Arid

The adoption of no-till (NT) in the semi-arid region of Mediterranean Spain has promoted a weed vegetation change, where rigput brome (Bromus diandrus Roth) represents a main concern. In order to avoid complete reliance on herbicides, the combination of several control methods, without excluding chemical ones, can contribute to an integrated weed management (IWM) system for this species. In this field study, 12 three-year management programs were chosen, in which alternative non-chemical methods—delay of sowing, crop rotation, sowing density and pattern, stubble removal—are combined with chemical methods to manage B. diandrus in winter cereals under NT. Moreover, their effects on weed control and crop productivity were analyzed from the point of view of the efficiency of the control methods, based on a previously developed emergence model for B. diandrus. All management programs were effective in reducing the weed infestation, despite the different initial weed density between blocks. For high weed density levels (60–500 plants m−2), two years of specific managements resulted in ≥99% reduction of its population. For even higher density levels, three years were needed to assure this reduction level. Both the emergence of the weed and the crop yields are mainly driven by the seasonal climatic conditions in this semi-arid area. For this reason, among the non-chemical methods, only crop rotation and sowing delay contributed to an effective weed population decrease as well as an increase in the economic income of the yield. The other alternative methods did not significantly contribute to controlling the weed. This work demonstrates that mid-term management programs combining chemical with non-chemical methods can effectively keep B. diandrus under control with economic gains compared to traditional field management methods in semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals A Review of Non-Chemical Management of Couch Grass (Elymus repens)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1178
Author(s):  
Björn Ringselle ◽  
Benny De Cauwer ◽  
Jukka Salonen ◽  
Josef Soukup
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Elymus Repens

Couch grass (Elymus repens) is a morphologically diverse, rhizomatous, perennial grass that is a problematic weed in a wide range of crops. It is generally controlled by glyphosate or intensive tillage in the intercrop period, or selective herbicides in non-susceptible crops. The aim of this review is to determine the efficacy of non-chemical strategies for E. repens control. The review shows that indirect control measures like crop choice, subsidiary crops, and fertilizer regimes influence E. repens abundance, but usually cannot control E. repens. Defoliation (e.g., mowing) can control E. repens growth, but efficacy varies between clones, seasons, and defoliation frequencies. Tillage in the intercrop period is still the main direct non-chemical control method for E. repens and its efficacy can be increased, and negative side-effects minimized by an appropriate tillage strategy. Some new tillage implements are on the market (Kvik-up type machines) or under development (root/rhizome cutters). Alternative methods that can kill E. repens rhizomes (e.g., steaming, soil solarization, biofumigation, hot water, flooding) often have high costs or time requirements. More studies on the effect of cropping system approaches on E. repens and other perennial weeds are needed.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in monoculture depending on the cover crop and weed control method

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
White Mustard

The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and in-crop weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a wheat crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009-2011 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included various types of stubble crops ploughed in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and methods of weed control in spring wheat (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). On average during the study period, all stubble crops used reduced the air-dry weight of weds in the treatments with mechanical weed management relative to the control treatment. Irrespective of the weed control method, the number of weeds in the wheat crop was significantly lower only after the ploughing in of white mustard. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to other weed control methods. The white mustard and legume mixture cover crops had a reducing effect on the number of weed species in relation to the treatment without cover crops. The highest floristic diversity of weed communities was found in the spring wheat crop in which only mechanical weeding alone was used.

scholarly journals Damage levels caused by Capulinia linarosae Kondo & Gullan (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) on guava crops under two agronomic management practices in the south of lake Maracaibo, Venezuela

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Franco Redondo-Méndez ◽  
Misael Molina-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Lake Maracaibo ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Scale Establishment

The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis of no difference in the level of damage caused by the guava cottony scale Capulinia linarosae (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in two guava crops under different agronomic management practices: a crop whose management practices tend to be organic (PUA) was compared with another subjected to chemical methods (PUB). Forty plants in each farm were selected randomly to estimate damage on stems, branches, leaves, and fruits. Levels of damage were statistically different (P<0.0001) between the control methods for stems and branches, but not for leaves or fruits (P>0.05). It was concluded that the magnitude of damage is greater in the crop under chemical control and that agronomic management is a critical factor. Excess of insecticides and incorrect application of pruning causes damage to the plant’s bark and favor the insect proliferation. While the use of a sulfur-calcium broth in PUA regulates pH, favors the effect of other products and promotes the growth of green algae which cover bark crevices avoiding the cottony scale establishment. The excessive use of agrochemicals for weed control in UPB causes soil nudity and kills natural enemies, whereas in the UPA grass layer is clipped at 20 cm on the soil maintaining its moisture and creating habitat favorable to natural enemies.

scholarly journals Zatiranje plevelov v vinogradu z alternativnimi metodami v primerjavi s herbicidom glifosat

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andrej PAUŠIČ ◽  
Mario LEŠNIK ◽  
Nuša TURK
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

<p class="042abstractstekst"><span lang="EN-US">In a two-year field experiment, six different weed control methods were studied. The methods were: use of the herbicide glyphosate (GL), use of herbicides based on acetic acid (AA), pelargonic acid (PA) and citrus essential oil (EO), mowing weeds with a thread trimmer (TT) and flaming of weeds with fire (FL). Alternative methods of weed control were significantly less effective than the use of herbicide glyphosate. Due to the lower efficiency of alternative methods, large yield losses have occurred, on average, 31 % at AA, 30.6 % at PA, 22.7 % at EO, 5.4 % at TT and 12.9 % at FL in two years. The cost of carrying out controls with alternative methods was significantly higher than the cost of GL. AA it was higher by 3.2-times, in PA by 7.1-times, in EO by 3.8-times, in TT by 3.8- times and in FL by 5.8-times on average in two years. To achieve a comparable control efficiency of GL, five applications of alternative preparations per year have to be performed, or four times mowing of weeds or five weed flaming operations per year.</span></p>

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